Amaphakethe ebhethri e-lithium kadoti asethathe umhlalaphansi, futhi ingabe imakethe yokugaywa kabusha isilungele ukutholwa?

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Ngo-2018, imfucuza yesikhwama esidala sebhethri ye-lithium-ion isusiwe. Ingabe imakethe yokugaywa kabusha isilungele ukuqala? U-2018 yisikhathi esiphezulu sebhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla, futhi i-lithium iron phosphate ifakwa kabanzi ezimotweni zamandla amasha. Ekusetshenzisweni, kulindeleke ukuthi isikali samandla kadoti we-lithium ukubuyiswa kwebhethri singafinyelela ku-5 billion yuan.

Ngakho-ke, ingabe isistimu yemakethe yokugaywa kabusha ikulungele ukuyithatha? Izikhungo ezihlobene zasekhaya zibikezela ukuthi imakethe yokugaywa kabusha eyakhiwe ibhethri ye-lithium enamandla kadoti ingafinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu ngo-2018. 2020 - 2023 izofinyelela ku-6.5 billion yuan kuya ku-150 billion yuan.

Idatha ibonisa ukuthi inani lezinkampani zokubuyisela ibhethri ye-lithium ngo-2018 liye landa ngokushesha. Inabangaphezu kwama-400 ngoNdasa wezi-2018. Inombolo yezinkampani zebhethri ze-lithium zamandla amasha engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2018 iyafana ne-2016.

Lapho iphakethe lebhethri le-lithium phosphate ion seliyekiswa ukusebenza, ingabe usukulungele ngempela? Okokuqala, iladi lisebenzisa ukungahambi kahle liholela ekugayweni kabusha kwephakethe lebhethri le-lithium ion elingaguquki, ngokusho kwezinga le-scrap, ukususa nokuvuselela. Iladi lisebenzisa izinsalela ezilula, ezingasetshenziswa ezintweni zokugcina amandla nasezimotweni zikagesi ezinesivinini esiphansi. Ngemva kokusetshenziswa kweladi, ibhethri izofinyelela izinga lokuhlehla kwesibili elizongena kusixhumanisi esisebenzisekayo esivuselelekayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuvuselela kungokwezicucu ezinzima, ngendlela yamakhemikhali yokukhipha impahla ye-electrode yensimbi ehloniphekile njenge-lithium, i-cobalt, nokufeza inhloso yokukhiqiza kabusha. Njengamanje, izinkampani eziningi ezizimele zezimoto zohlobo lwesakhiwo. I-BYD, Beiqi amandla amasha, ubhontshisi wokufunda nezinye izinkampani zezimoto zethule isakhiwo emkhakheni wabadayisi.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi kunomehluko ekusetshenzisweni kwemikhiqizo ezimele, futhi umkhiqizo ohlanganyelwe uthambekele kakhulu "ekweqeni" umthengisi, faka ngqo isixhumanisi sokusetshenziswa esivuselelekayo. Ngenxa yokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezitebhisi zephakethe lebhethri le-lithium-ion kusewukucubungula kwemikhiqizo yebhethri, ngokwezidingo namazinga ebhethri, izingxenye zokukhiqiza nezokukhiqiza zezinto ezingavuthiwe, imikhiqizo yokucubungula, isitifiketi somkhiqizo, kanye newaranti emva kokuthengisa kufanele kuzuzwe. hlola.

Kodwa-ke, imakethe ebizwa ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ayinawo amazinga okuthola, ubuchwepheshe bokubikezela impilo, nesitifiketi somkhiqizo, futhi ayikho iwaranti yokuthola. Okwesibili, ubunzima bobunzima bebhethri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo okunzima ukuyisebenzisa ukuthi inkinga yokuvumelana kwebhethri ayikwazi ukuxazululwa ngokuphinda ufanise ukuhlukahluka, ukusebenza, ukucaciswa, nezindlela ze-polarization zebhethri ngayinye yomthengisi. Ngenxa yokuthi isilinganiso esincane, isiteshi sokugaywa kabusha asiphelele, okuholela ekubuyiseni okungazinzile kwempahla yokusetshenziswa, okunye ukutshalwa kwezimali kwenkampani kuthola ukuthi izinkampani zokubambisana zinokungahambi kahle, abantu abaqeqeshiwe bayabandakanyeka, azikho iziqu ezibanjisiwe.

Ukusebenza kwebhethri akugculisekile ngokugcwele ngokuncipha kwesidingo, okuwukuya emakethe ngendlela yephakethe lebhethri, kodwa ukuze ulisebenzise ngempela, kufanele uthole ibhethri yeselula ephaketheni lebhethri ukuze uqinisekise ngalinye Isimo sebhethri le-monomer siphinde sapakishwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zeledi, okuyinto engakhandi kuphela, kodwa futhi ehilela izici eziningi ezifana nokuhlola. Okwesithathu, iladi lisebenzisa isimo samanje sesimo esingajwayelekile, futhi iladi ngokuyisisekelo liyimpahla elula, futhi ukuvuselelwa nokusetshenziswa kuyimpahla esindayo. Njengamanje, amaphakethe amaningi ebhethri e-lithium-ion asekhaya asethathe umhlalaphansi abe nenzuzo ezimotweni zikagesi ezinesivinini esiphansi, ingcebo yokushaja, njll.

ngokusebenzisa imigudu engajwayelekile. Izinkampani eziningi ezintsha zisebenzisa isitebhisi noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha, zingabheki izindlela ezicacile, eziqondile zobuchwepheshe kanye namamodeli ebhizinisi abengaphuphutheki. Ngokuncipha okusheshayo kwezindleko zebhethri, imboni yezimoto izimisele kakhulu ukuthenga amabhethri amasha, futhi iladi alikwazi ukuba khona.

IV. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kabusha nasekuthuthukisweni kwebhethri ye-ion phosphate ebiza kakhulu idinga ukuthuthukiswa ezindlekweni ezimba eqolo, futhi isitokwe semakethe asisikhulu ngokwanele. Kusukela esimeni samanje, inqubo yokugaywa kabusha kwezindleko zebhethri ibalulekile okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe, ukupakishwa okuchwepheshile, ukugcinwa kwempahla nokuthutha okuchwepheshile, ukuphathwa kwemvelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yobuchwepheshe, intela yabasebenzi, ukwehla kwenani.

Ukwengeza, izixhumanisi zokugcina nokusabalalisa azibushelelezi ngokwanele, futhi uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha ludinga ukuthuthukiswa. 5. Inombolo enkulu yezinkampani zezimoto inenani eliphezulu, futhi isiteshi sokugaywa kabusha kunzima ukufaka ithrekhi elungile yokutholwa kwebhethri yemoto yamandla esanda kuqala.

Amaphakethe amaningi ebhethri e-lithium-ion abikiwe awazange angene esiteshini esisemthethweni, imakethe ayinakho ukucaciswa. Njengoba imboni isendle, inani elikhulu lezinkampani zezimoto zinenani eliphezulu, okwenza iningi lamabhethri e-lithium ahambisa imfucuza ahluleke ukugeleza eziteshini zokwelashwa ezisemthethweni, futhi ukwelashwa kwangempela kuyakhathaza. Abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi basayine isivumelwano futhi bathola ukuthi ibhethri alikho ezandleni zabo ngemva kokusayinwa kwesivumelwano.

Ibanga phakathi kwemoto elahliwe nemboni yezimoto likude, nendlela yokubuyela embonini yezimoto ngemva kokudilizwa, yiyona nkinga okufanele kuxoxwe ngayo. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamandla e-lithium amabhethri, ibhethri iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ayikho indinganiso engaguquki, okuholela kunqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuvuselela kabusha, izindleko zokubuyisela kabusha, inkampani ayinalo umdlandla wokuvuselela kabusha, futhi kunzima ukwakha ukuphathwa kwezimboni, kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe akukavuthwa, futhi uhulumeni akanalo ukuqondisa futhi Khuthaza inqubomgomo, i-lithium eguquguqukayo yeladi yebhethri inzima. Njengoba "inhliziyo" yezimoto zamandla amasha, iketango lemboni yebhethri ye-lithium-ion eliguquguqukayo libhekene nezinguquko ezijulile, iladi liyadingeka ukuze liqiniswe futhi lithuthukiswe, okwenza isethi ephelele yezimakethe zokuvuselela kabusha iyadingeka kakhulu.

Uhulumeni kufanele aqondise ngokushesha futhi akhuthaze izinqubomgomo zokuxazulula le nkinga yokugaywa kabusha.