I-101GWH ibhethri ye-lithium yamandla izophinda isebenzise izimboni ngezinto ezilahliwe? Ungakwazi ukulandela?

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - ተንቀሳቃሽ የኃይል ጣቢያ አቅራቢ

Imboni yebhethri ingenise amandla e-lithium battery "retire"! Izwe lami njengamanje liyimakethe yezimoto ezintsha ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngokuphelelwa yisikhathi kancane kwesikhathi kwempilo yebhethri lezimoto zikagesi, inani lokuphefumula lamandla ebhethri le-lithium nalo liya likhula. .

Ngo-2014, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi zezwe lami kwakungama-70,000; ngo-2015, ifinyelele ku-300,000; ngo-2016, ifinyelele ku-500,000; 2018, ifinyelele ezigidini eziyi-10.53. Ngo-2018, umthamo webhethri we-CATL kanye ne-BYD wawungu-23.

43 gWh kanye 11.43 gWh, ngokulandelana; engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2019, ivolumu yebhethri ye-CATL ne-BYD efakiwe ibingu-13.85 gWh no-7.

awu 36g. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2020, isidingo sebhethri yemoto yezwe lami i-lithium sizofinyelela ku-125GWH, futhi ukuchithwa kwe-scrap kuzofinyelela ku-32GWH. Ibhethri ye-scrap izofinyelela cishe ku-500,000 t; kuya ku-2030, amandla e-lithium battery scrap azofinyelela ku-101GWH, amandla alahliwe Ibhethri ye-lithium cishe i-1.

16 million t. Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezimbili zokubuyisela ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo. Okokuqala, kusetshenziswa isitebhisi, okwesibili ukuhlakaza ukugaywa kabusha.

Inkampani yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion ibalulekile ukuvuselela izinto ezibonakalayo ezi-ternary positive. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinkampani ezincane zisekelwe ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezitholiwe ze-lithium iron phosphate positive, kodwa izinga lobuchwepheshe liphansi. Ibhethri elingaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa ngaphansi kuka-50%, lingahlakazwa kuphela, bese kusetshenziswa ukutholwa kwensiza.

Ukwengeza, ukuqaqa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwensiza kwamabhethri alahliwe nakho kuyadingeka kumabhethri alahliwe esitebhisi. Mayelana ne-electrode material elungile ilandisa ngebhethri ye-lithium-ion enezindleko ezingu-40%, ekubuyiseleni, gxila ekubuyiseleni bese usebenzisa into enhle. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion angahlukaniswa abe yizinhlobo ezimbili ze-lithium iron phosphate nezinto ze-ternary, futhi ibalulekile ebhasini nasezimotweni ezincane ngenxa yokuphepha nomjikelezo.

Ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu wevolumu, ibhethri le-ternary material libalulekile ku-coupe, imakethe kulawa mabhethri womabili ingama-45%. Ngenxa yokukhula kokuthuthukiswa kwe-lithium iron phosphate, inani lamanje lebhethri ye-ion ye-silty phosphate likhulu. Mayelana nokutholwa kabusha kwezinsiza, izinkampani zasekhaya ezibalulekile ezisebenza kabusha ezigaya kabusha zibalulekile ukuze zigaywe kabusha izinto ezinhle zezinto ezinohlangothi-ntathu.

I-lithium iron phosphate iqukethe i-lithium engu-4%, kanti i-lithium carbonate ingu-1,70 kg, okungukuthi, i-1T phosphate powder ingatholwa i-170 kg ye-carbonate, ngakho-ke, ukubuyiswa kwamapuleti e-lithium iron phosphate, i-lithium ebalulekile yokululama ne-aluminium. Njengamanje, ukugaywa kabusha kwasekhaya kwe-lithium iron phosphate ezinye izinkampani ezincane. Ngenxa yezizathu zobuchwepheshe, izinga lokutholwa kwe-lithium ezinkampanini ezincane licishe libe ngama-85%, kanti i-lithium carbonate ingatholwa kusuka ku-140 kg.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye ebalulekile ye-lithium iron phosphate i-iron phosphate, eye yabangela ukuchithwa kwezinsiza. Njengamanje, kunobukhona obubalulekile bezithako lapho amasu e-lysophosphate positive electrode recovery material angaphinde asetshenziswe, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-acid-base kukhulu, kubiza kakhulu, namanzi angcolile. Uma ibhethri ye-lithium ion imfucuza ingelashwa, ingena ngokuqondile esithandweni sokuncibilika esincibilika ibe yingxubevange, futhi iphinde ichithe ingxubevange, ihlukanise i-nickel ephezulu yokuhlanzeka ne-cobalt kwakwakhe, futhi igesi eyingozi enqubweni yokuncibilika izoba ukuhlanzwa okulandelayo.

Ukukhishwa, ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile ekulahlekeni kwe-lithium-hydride kanye ne-waste cobalt acid lithium ion ibhethri. Inqubo yomlilo ilula, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, futhi inomphumela ovamile kumabhethri emfucuza ahlukahlukene, kodwa inqubo yokucubungula yinde, futhi izinga lokubuyisela eliphelele lentengo liphansi. Njengamanje, umzila wenqubo ojwayelekile wasekhaya uwumzila wokucubungula omanzi, futhi kubalulekile ukubuyisela insimbi ye-valbity ku-positive electrode material yebhethri ye-lithium ion yemfucuza.

Inqubo emanzi kufanele ifakwe ngaphambi kwebhethri ukuze kutholwe i-electrode engcolile ye-electrode material powder, futhi kutholwe ion yensimbi ku-electrode enhle ye-asidi ye-inorganic, bese i-ion yensimbi ingena esixazululo, bese kuba yimvula, i-extraction, i-salting, i-ion exchange, i-electrochemical, nokunye okunjalo. Ukuhlukaniswa okuqhubekayo, inhlanganisela yensimbi yensimbi efana ne-cobalt, i-nickel, ne-lithium iyahlanzwa. Emkhiqizweni wangempela wezimboni, inqubo ye-leaching ivame ukusebenzisa i-hydrochloric acid, i-sulfuric acid ne-nitric acid ukuze ifinyelele izinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode, futhi yengeze i-oxidizing agent, futhi i-hydrochloric acid iyacwiliswa.

I-sodium hydrochloride isetshenziswa njenge-oxidant. Njengamanje, inkampani yebhethri iphinda isebenzise imfucuza ye-lithium endala yenqubo ebalulekile yokusebenzisa okumanzi, ithola intengo yezinto ze-ternary positive electrode. udoti wezwe lami wokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion usesigabeni sokuqala, futhi ukubaluleka kwemboni kusetshenziswa kakhulu ekubuyiseni okumanzi kwezinto zama-electrode.

I-backbone ye-lithium-ion battery recycling company ngokuyinhloko isekelwe ekugayweni kabusha kwezinto ezintathu ezinhle zama-yuan, kanti ezinye izinkampani ezincane zenze ukukhiqizwa kwe-lithium iron phosphate positive materials ukuze kubuyiselwe ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, kodwa i-lithium kuphela yezinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode iphansi, izinga lobuchwepheshe liphansi, futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphakeme. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala okuphelele kwebhethri ye-lithium ion yemfucuza, kuyadingeka ukwenza ucwaningo mayelana ne-electrode engalungile, i-electrolyte, i-diaphragm, njll., futhi kuzuzwe ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni.

Ikakhulukazi ekuhlakazweni, kuyadingeka ukugxila ekuhlukaniseni ngokomzimba kwenani lebhethri le-lithium-ion elibalulekile, ukunciphisa izindleko zokubuyisela, ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme kwemboni yebhethri ye-lithium-ion.