Mafi kyawun bincike na amfani da tsani da dawo da albarkatun baturin lithium

作者：Iflowpower – Kaasaskantava elektrijaama tarnija

Kariyar Muhalli: Kyakkyawan kayan lantarki na batirin lithium-ion sun ƙunshi abubuwa masu nauyi kamar nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium, waɗanda ke haifar da gurɓata muhalli, ruwa, da makamantansu; da carbonaceous abu, graphite, da dai sauransu. a cikin abu mara kyau, kuma graphite ko makamancin haka na iya haifar da gurɓataccen ƙura; Bugu da kari, Electrolyte na batirin lithium-ion ya ƙunshi wani sinadari mai guba, wanda kuma zai iya haifar da gurɓatawar fluorofluid. Ajiye albarkatu: Batir lithium-ion sun ƙunshi babban adadin abubuwan ƙarfe, nickel, graphite, da sauransu.

An rarraba shi a Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, da dai sauransu. Fa&39;ida: Har ila yau ana iya yin ciniki da amfani da tsani da dawo da albarkatun batirin lithium-ion, domin a shekarun baya-bayan nan, masana&39;antar kera motoci ta koma aikin samar da wutar lantarki, kuma buqatar batirin lithium-ion ya karu, wanda hakan ya haifar da tsadar kayayyaki masu daraja. , Metal cobalt farashin ne 600,000 / ton, nickel 100,000 / ton, carbonate 1.

70,000 / ton, karfe lithium 900,000 / ton. Salon kasuwa 1. An fara ambaton tallafin manufofin ne a cikin 2012, "Tattalin Arziƙi da Sabon Tsarin Ci gaban Masana&39;antu na Makamashi" ya sanar a Majalisar Jiha, "Ma&39;auni na Gudanar da Sake Amfani da Batir Lithium Mechanic.

"; 2014 Ofishin Majalisar Jiha ya sanar da "Jagora don hanzarta sabon makamashi mota inganta da aikace-aikace" bincike da kuma ci gaban da sake amfani da manufofin don tsauri lithium baturi; 2015 Ma&39;aikatar kudi, Ma&39;aikatar Kimiyya da Fasaha, Ma&39;aikatar Masana&39;antu da Information Technology, da Ci gaban da Gyaran Hukumar a cikin "2016-2020 sabon makamashi abin hawa inganta aikace-aikace na baturi da aka ambata a karkashin ikon batir da batura da aka ambata a cikin ikon sarrafa baturi da ma&39;aikatar kimiyya da fasaha. sake yin amfani da su"; 2016, Hukumar Bunkasa Cigaban Kasa da Gyara, Ma’aikatar Masana’antu da Fasahar Watsa Labarai, Ma’aikatar Muhalli, Ma’aikatar Kasuwanci, ta sanar da wasu tsare-tsare, har zuwa yanzu, akwai tsare-tsare sama da 20 da aka kwato na batir Lithium-ion. A cikin Maris 2018, ma&39;aikatun bakwai tare sun ba da sanarwar sabuwar "sanarwa kan Ayyukan Pilot na Sabbin Batir Mai Wutar Lantarki na Mota". Yallabai, za ka iya takaita wadannan abubuwa guda hudu: Ma’aikatu da kwamitocin kasa suna ba da shawarar a fara amfani da su mataki-mataki, sannan a gudanar da kwato albarkatun kasa; aiwatar da alhakin mai samarwa, "Wanda aka samar, wanda ke da alhakin"; kafa sake yin amfani da baturin lithium mai ƙarfi Yi amfani da tsarin don aiwatar da wasu ayyukan matukin jirgi, kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta dawo da bayanai; Kullum ana inganta ka&39;idojin masana&39;antu, kuma a hankali abubuwan da ake buƙata na cancantar kamfani suna bayyana a hankali.

2, gabaɗayan girman kasuwar batirin lithium-ion ana iya kasu kashi uku: baturi mai amfani: tare da baturi akan na&39;urorin lantarki masu amfani kamar wayoyin hannu, ipad, kwamfyutocin tafi-da-gidanka, galibi sun dogara ne akan batirin lithium-cobalt ion; Batirin lithium mai ƙarfi: amfani da baturin da ke kan sabuwar motar makamashi yana da mahimmanci ga baturin yuan uku. Abin hawa na kasuwanci yana da mahimmanci shine baturin ion lithium phosphate; baturin ajiyar makamashi: ana amfani da shi a tashar caji, tashar wutar lantarki, ajiyar makamashi na kasuwanci, da dai sauransu. Batir ion na lithium iron phosphate ne.

Menene amfanin tsani? Misali, idan an yi amfani da baturi a sabuwar motar makamashi, baturin yana da kuzari 100% lokacin da baturi ya cika. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da baturi na wani ɗan lokaci, adadin wutar lantarki zai ragu. Lokacin da baturi ya rage zuwa 80%, ba za a iya amfani da shi akan motar ba.

An yi amfani da wannan a cikin kashi na farko; daga baturi akan mota, ana iya amfani da baturin daga 80% -20% na tazara, kamar aikace-aikacen a ƙananan motoci masu sauri, masu amfani da wutar lantarki, babura na lantarki, tashar cajin wutar lantarki. , Tashar wutar lantarki ta kololuwa a cikin filin, photovoltaic, da dai sauransu, ana iya la&39;akari da baturin don kammala yanayin rayuwarsa, a wannan lokacin, zaka iya sake sakewa.

Wannan ya kasu kashi uku ta hanyar amfani da ƙarfin baturi duka: mota, amfani da tsani, sake yin amfani da tarkace. A cikin 2017, yawan samarwa da tallace-tallace na sabbin motocin makamashi na ƙasata ya kusan 800,000, kuma duniya ta kasance jimlar miliyan 1.3; ana sa ran sabbin motocin makamashi na kasata za su kai miliyan 3, kuma za su kai miliyan 5.

Dangane da adadin tallace-tallace na sabbin motocin makamashi, buƙatun batirin lithium-ion a cikin 2020 zai kai 250GWH, kuma ana sake yin amfani da raguwar wannan ɓangaren a hankali. Dangane da ma&39;aunin buƙatun sabbin batir lithium masu ƙarfin kuzari a cikin &39;yan shekarun nan, ƙarfin baturin baturin fasinja ya kasance daga 100% zuwa 80%, kuma rayuwar tana kusan shekaru 5. Motar kasuwanci kusan shekaru 3 ne.

Ana amfani da sabuwar motar makamashi ta ƙasata a cikin 2014. A wannan yanayin, ta wannan, baturin lithium na wutar lantarki zai shiga wani babban matakin ritaya, a wasu kalmomi, a cikin 2018, da gaske ya fara yin sake sarrafa baturin lithium-ion zai haifar da sabuwar iska, matsayi na gaba. Bisa kididdigar kididdigar da manyan ma&39;aikata suka yi na wutar lantarki na lithium, manyan dillalai, da dai sauransu.

, 2018 yana tsammanin 11GWH batirin ritaya, daidaitaccen sararin kasuwa yana kusa da biliyan 6; Kasuwancin 2020 ya kai biliyan 15, ya kai biliyan 40 a shekarar 2023, daga 2018 zuwa 2023, yawan hadaddun karuwar shekara-shekara ya kai kashi 50%, kuma ana iya cewa sake yin amfani da batirin lithium-ion shine salon kasuwa na gaba. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, dawo da batirin lithium-ion a shekarar 2017 ya kai ton 80,000, kuma girman kasuwa ya kai biliyan 30-4. A cikin wannan ton 80,000, batir na wargajewar ya kai kashi 95%, kuma babu wani amfani da ɗan kasuwa.

A halin yanzu, dalilin da ake amfani da tsani yana amfani da haɓaka kasuwa yana da mahimmanci. Abubuwan da ke gaba suna da maki masu zuwa: matsalar tsaro ta fasaha a cikin shekarar da ta gabata ta fi shahara; , Daidaitawar ba ta da girma, mafi wuyar dacewa da mai ciniki yana da wuyar gaske; kasuwar ajiyar makamashi ba ta da tarin yawa. Hanyar Fasaha 1.

Technical Standards ƙasarta na buƙatar buƙatun "New Energy Automobile Waste Battery Comprehensive Utilization Industry Normative Conditions": A karkashin rigar smelting yanayi, da m dawo da amfani da nickel-cobalt manganese ne ba kasa da 98%, da kuma sake yin amfani da wuta tushen smelting Ba kasa da 97%. A halin yanzu, manyan kamfanoni a kasar Sin sun kai matsayin. 2.

Ayyukan waɗannan batura biyu ba su da bambanci sosai. Rayuwar sake zagayowar lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate ya fi tsayi, kuma baturin zai iya kaiwa sau 2000-6000 daga 100% attenuation zuwa 80%. CATL ta yi ma&39;aunin da aka ambata a sama, kuma aikin phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe bayan yin ritaya ana iya amfani da shi azaman tantanin baturi na aƙalla shekaru 5.

Lithium iron phosphate, idan kai tsaye ya soke, ya wargaje dawo da, iyaka samun kudin shiga, da aka gyara ba su da daraja kudi, lithium abun ciki ne sosai kananan, 1 ton na lithium iron phosphate recycling tattalin arziki amfanin ya kai 10,000, idan aka yi amfani da tsani yin amfani da albashi a 30000-40000 Around, tun da wadannan baƙin ƙarfe ne mafi dace da kashi biyu. 3, an raba magudanar tsani zuwa matakai uku: na farko a duba batirin da aka sake sarrafa, sannan a yi amfani da igiyar baturin a layi daya, mataki na uku ana amfani da shi wajen gudanar da harkokin gudanarwa, da karin BMS, karfin tsarawa da karfin wutar lantarki. Ƙarfin baturi na gabaɗaya da ma&39;aunin daidaita wutar lantarki sune 8: 1, rabon fitarwa shine 0.

125C. Mabuɗin fasaha don amfani da tsani guda biyu ne: Fasahar haɗin kai mai hankali: Batura daban-daban suna da fasahar fakiti daban-daban, buɗe kayan batura guda ɗaya gwargwadon aikin, rayuwar ƙirar baturi; fasahar gano cikakken tsarin zagayowar rayuwa: ta hanyar BMS Supply SOC, SOH, SOP alamun fasaha don ƙididdigewa. Abubuwan da ake buƙata na ƙasa don kera sabbin motocin makamashi na ƙasan sa ido da ajiyar batir sake yin amfani da batir na gano hanyoyin haɗin gwiwar tsarin gudanarwa, dandamali sun dogara ne akan samar da batir azaman masu ɗaukar bayanai, har sai an gano mutuwar baturin da bayanan bayanan don cikakken yanayin rayuwa.

4, dawo da albarkatun rayuwar lithium phosphate yana da ɗan tsayi, yayin da zagayowar rayuwar baturi na ternary ya kusan sau 800-2000, gajere; amincin baturi na ternary ba shi da kyau, baturin lithium-ion baƙin ƙarfe yana da kyau, wurin wuta yana da ƙasa kaɗan, bai dace Filin da ake amfani da shi don tashoshin wutar lantarki ba, tashoshin sadarwa, da sauransu. Bugu da kari, farashin manganese nickel-wateng a cikin batirin ternary yana da tsada sosai, koda kuwa an tarwatsa kai tsaye, samun kudin shiga shima yana da yawa sosai. Saboda haka, akasin haka, baturi na ternary ya fi dacewa don wargaza sake yin amfani da shi.

Farashin rusa batirin yuan uku shine yuan 40,000-50,000. Idan za a yi amfani da manganese na nickel-cobalt da aka wargaje don yin abin da ya riga ya kasance na ternary abu, farashin ya fi girma, CATL a matsayin misali, farashin naúrar shine yuan 80,000 / ton. Maido da albarkatun ya kasu kashi biyu: baturin da aka sake sarrafa an riga an sarrafa shi, an cire shi, yana cire marufi na waje, kuma an raba rabuwa da hannu; to murmure.

Ana iya raba fasahar sake yin amfani da ita zuwa nau&39;i uku: Hanyar bushewa (Dokar jiki): Hanyar rarrabuwa ta injina: hanyar injiniyanci tana nufin karyewar allo, rarrabuwar kai tsaye ta yanayin zafi mai zafi: babban zafin jiki incineration, samar da yanayin sanyi mai sanyi da bushewar hanyar zafi mai gyara: bayan bushewa Retreating da sake yin fa&39;ida da ɗanyen samfurin zuwa kayan rigar hanyar (hanyar sinadarai): rigar ƙarfe: narkar da ta hanyar musayar sinadaran: Fasahar dawo da halittu: Muhimmanci shine zubewa tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, Har yanzu yana da wahala a faɗi, matsalolin fasaha dole ne a karye. A halin yanzu, a cikin masana&39;antu, batura na ternary gabaɗaya suna amfani da hanyar rigar, kuma lithium iron phosphate yana amfani da hanyar bushewa. Wannan kuma hanya ce da aka ba da shawarar.

Sabanin haka, farashin hanyar rigar yana da inganci, amma tsarkin kayan da aka dawo da shi yana da inganci, kowannensu yana da fa&39;ida. Yanayin Aiki 1, Amurka: Tsawaita Nauyin Nauyin Furodusa + Tsarin Adadin Mabukaci Dauki TSLA, 2015 TSLA ta sanar da Powerwall don kasuwar ajiyar makamashi, da kuma amfani da tsani na batirin lithium-ion. 2, Jamus: Mai samarwa ya ɗauka cewa muhimmin alhakin shine shari&39;ar Bosch.

A cikin 2015, ya fara amfani da dillalan batirin don amfani da sake yin amfani da shi, kuma ana sa ran samun farfadowa a cikin 2018 zai kasance fiye da 50%. 3, Japan: Majalisu + Tallafawa Kamfanin Samar da Batir Dokokin daga matakin ƙasa, tallafin kamfanin samar da baturi. Dauki Toyota a matsayin misali, Toyota faucet ce ta haɗar mota ta duniya.

Ya fara yin batir ɗin sharar gida a cikin 1998. Sake yin amfani da shi matakai uku ne: da farko kafa hanyar sadarwa ta sake amfani da ita, sannan a tantance batirin da aka sake sarrafa. Rushewa da maganin sinadarai na baturi wanda ke rasa ƙimar sake amfani gaba ɗaya.

A cikin 2015, Feng Tian ya yi amfani da batir ɗin sharar gida na Camry Mixed Power Vehicle don wuraren shakatawa na Huangshi, kuma ya sake fasalin tsarin sarrafa batirin makamashi. Batirin Camry 208 na iya adana makamashin lantarki 85kWH, da kuma tsawaita rayuwar baturi. Sau biyu.

4. Farfado da batirin gubar-acid A cikin 2016, samfurin batirin gubar-acid a cikin ƙasata ya kai tan miliyan 4. Darajar gubar ta kai biliyan 40.

Daga mahangar fasaha, adadin dawo da batirin gubar-acid a cikin ƙasa na zai iya kaiwa 98%, amma ainihin adadin dawowa shine kawai 30%, batutuwa masu mahimmanci ba shine kafa babbar hanyar sadarwa ba. Ya kamata shugaban masu sake amfani da su ya aiwatar da tsawaita tsarin alhakin masu kera, wato kera motoci, mallakar batir, kamfanin sake amfani da albarkatu na ɓangare na uku a matsayin batun sake yin amfani da su, wanda kamfanonin kera motoci ke cikinsa. A cikin tsarin kasuwanci, kafa hanyar sadarwa ta sake amfani da ita, kulawa ta musamman, hadewar kwayoyin halitta, a halin yanzu.

Har ila yau, dabarun gasar masana&39;antu na gaba yana da mahimmanci don mayar da hankali kan waɗannan abubuwa guda biyu: kafa cibiyar sadarwar sake amfani da ƙasa, akwai tasiri mai mahimmanci, za a iya diluted; nasara fasahar bakin kofa. A halin yanzu, akwai ƙananan batura da ake amfani da su a cikin matakan ƙasata a cikin 2017, kuma muhimmin batu shine tattalin arziki. Kamar yadda bayanai na kawancen batir suka yi nuni da cewa, ma’adanar makamashi ta kasata ta fi daukar makamashin ajiya ne, kuma tashar wutar lantarki ta fi ta’allaka ne da batirin garwashin gubar.

Batirin ion phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe bai zama muhimmin dalili na babban jikin tsani ba. Shi ne don ganin adadi. , Farashin ƙwayoyin garwashin gubar da makamashin turɓaya yana kusan 0.

4 yuan / kWh, kuma baturin lithium ion shine 0.7 yuan / kWh. Daukar aikin Qihadian Power Lithium Battery Liyang a matsayin misali, sakamakon lissafin ya nuna cewa tsayayyen lokacin dawo da hannun jari na aikin ajiyar makamashi ya kai kimanin shekaru 6.

Idan kana da samun kudin shiga, wajibi ne a yi aiki har tsawon shekaru 10, kuma adadin dawowar harajin bayan haraji shine 10%. Duk da cewa tattalin arzikin matakin ba a bayyane yake ba, tare da raguwar farashin batir, kasuwar da aka yi amfani da ita a nan gaba za ta fashe a hankali. Zuba jari M <000000> A 1, ƙasata Tower Tower Company babban kamfanin sadarwa ne hadedde sabis na sabis, wanda ƙasata Telecom ta kafa tare, ƙasata Mobile, ƙasata Unicom, wani muhimmin sashi ne na hanyar sadarwa, kulawa da aiki na tsarin rarraba cikin gida.

A farkon watan Janairu na wannan shekara, kamfanoni 17 irin su Tower da Chongqing Changan, BYD, Yinlong New Energy, Watma, Guoxuan High-class, Sandon New Energy, an sake yin amfani da su tare don samar da sinadarin phosphate na lithium. A halin yanzu, akwai larduna da birane 12 a fadin kasar. Fiye da tashoshin tushe 3000.

2, SAIC Ningde&39;s tururi shine famfo na masana&39;antar kera motoci, CATL shine jagorar masana&39;antar batirin lithium mai ƙarfi, jagora biyu don haɗa hannu katin ikon batirin lithium, Maris 2018 tare sun sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta haɗin gwiwa. CATL ya kammala sayan a cikin 2013. Sashin kasuwancin sake amfani da batirin lithium-ion na yanzu ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan kasuwancin uku.

A shekarar 2017, an dawo da bangaren kasuwanci ya kai biliyan 2.5, farashin rukunin ya kai yuan 80,000, yawan ribar da aka samu ya kai kashi 27%, lissafin kasuwanci ya kai kashi 13%. 3.

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