Tlhahlobo e felletseng ea tšebeliso ea lere le ho khutlisa lisebelisoa tsa betri ea lithium

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Tšireletso ea tikoloho: Thepa e ntle ea electrode ea betri ea lithium-ion e na le lisebelisoa tse boima tsa tšepe tse kang nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium, tse bakang tšilafalo ho tikoloho, metsi, joalo-joalo; thepa ea carbonaceous, graphite, joalo-joalo. linthong tse mpe, le graphite kapa tse ling tse joalo li ka baka tšilafalo ea lerōle; Ho phaella moo, Electrolyte ea betri ea lithium-ion e na le karolo ea lik&39;hemik&39;hale tse chefo, tse ka boela tsa baka tšilafalo ea fluorofluid. Poloko ea lisebelisoa: Libetri tsa lithium-ion li na le likarolo tse ngata tsa tšepe, nickel, graphite, joalo-joalo.

E ajoa ka Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, joalo-joalo. Molemo: Tšebeliso ea lere le ho hlaphoheloa ha lisebelisoa tsa betri ea lithium-ion e ntse e ka rekisoa, hobane lilemong tsa morao tjena, indasteri ea likoloi e fetiselitsoe ho motlakase, &39;me tlhokahalo ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion e eketsehile, e leng se lebisang ho theko e phahameng haholo ea thepa ea bohlokoa ea tšepe. , Theko ea tšepe ea cobalt ke 600,000 / ton, nickel 100,000 / ton, carbonate 1.

70,000 / ton, tšepe lithium 900,000 / ton. Mokhoa oa &39;maraka 1. Tšehetso ea leano e ile ea boleloa ka lekhetlo la pele ka 2012, "Leano la Ntšetso-pele ea Liindasteri tsa Motlakase le Matla a Macha" le phatlalalitsoe Lekhotleng la Naha, "Mechanic Lithium Battery Recycling Measures .

"; 2014 Ofisi ea Lekhotla la Naha e phatlalalitse "Tataiso ea ho potlakisa nts&39;etsopele ea likoloi tse ncha le ts&39;ebeliso" lipatlisiso le nts&39;etsopele ea maano a ho recycle bakeng sa libeteri tsa lithium tse matla; Lekala la Lichelete la 2015, Lekala la Saense le Theknoloji, Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso, Khomishene ea Nts&39;etsopele le Phetoho ka "2016-2020 e ncha ea matla a ho phahamisa koloi ho sebelisoa leano la ts&39;ehetso ea lichelete ho lik&39;hamphani tse matla tsa motlakase ho etsa leano la ts&39;ehetso ea lichelete. ho tsosolosa betri"; 2016, Komisi ea Naha ea Ntšetso-pele le Phetoho, Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso, Lekala la Tikoloho, Lekala la Khoebo, le phatlalalitse letoto la maano, ho fihlela joale Ho fihlela joale, ho na le maano a fetang 20 a fumanoeng bakeng sa libeteri tsa lithium-ion. Ka Hlakubele 2018, makala a supileng ka kopanelo a phatlalalitse "Tsebiso mabapi le Pilot Work of New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling". Mohlomphehi, u ka akaretsa lintlha tsena tse ‘ne tse latelang: makala a naha le li- commission a buelle taba ea pele ea hore ho sebelisoe ts’ebeliso ea li- resource recovery; phethahatsa boikarabelo ba mohlahisi, "Ke mang ea hlahisoang, ea ikarabellang"; theha ts&39;ebetso ea matla a lithium betri Sebelisa sistimi ho etsa merero e meng ea liteko, ho theha marang-rang a ho hlaphoheloa le taolo ea tlhaiso-leseling; litloaelo tsa indasteri li lula li ntlafatsoa, ​​​​&39;me litlhoko tsa thuto ea naha bakeng sa k&39;hamphani li hlakile butle-butle.

2, boholo ba &39;maraka oa betri ea lithium-ion bo ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e meraro e meholo: betri ea bareki: e nang le betri ho lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa bareki tse kang liselefouno, ipad, li-laptops, haholo-holo li thehiloe libeteri tsa lithium-cobalt ion; matla a lithium libeteri: a sebelisitsoe Betri e koloing e ncha ea matla e bohlokoa bakeng sa betri ea li-yuan tse tharo. Koloi ea khoebo ke ea bohlokoa ke lithium phosphate ion battery; betri ea polokelo ea matla: e sebelisoang seteisheneng sa ho tjhaja, seteisheneng sa motlakase o futhumatsang, polokelo ea matla ea khoebo, jj. Ke betri ea ion ea lithium iron phosphate.

Tšebeliso ea lere ke eng? Mohlala, haeba betri e sebelisoa koloing e ncha ea matla, betri ke matla a 100% ha betri e tjhajiloe ka botlalo. Ha betri e sebelisoa ka nako e itseng, palo ea motlakase e tla fokotseha. Ha betri e fokotsehile ho 80%, e ke ke ea sebelisoa koloing.

Sena se sebelisitsoe mokhahlelong oa pele; ho tloha ka betri ka koloing, betri e ka sebelisoa ho tloha ho 80% -20% ea nako, joalo ka ts&39;ebeliso ea likoloi tse lebelo le tlaase, li-tricycle tsa motlakase, lithuthuthu tsa motlakase, polokelo ea matla ea seteishene sa ho tjhaja. , Thermal power station litlhōrō tšimong, photovoltaic, joalo-joalo, betri e ka nkoa e phethela potoloho ea eona ea bophelo, ka nako ena, u ka e sebelisa hape.

Sena se arotsoe ka likarolo tse tharo ka ho sebelisa matla a betri kaofela: koloi, tšebeliso ea lere, ho tsosolosa lisebelisoa. Ka selemo sa 2017, tlhahiso le thekiso ea likoloi tse ncha tsa naha ea heso e ne e le haufi le 800,000, &39;me lefats&39;e e ne e le kakaretso ea limilione tse 1,3; ho lebelletsoe hore likoloi tse ncha tsa naha ea heso li tla fihla ho limilione tse 3, &39;me li tla fihla ho limilione tse 5.

Ho ea ka palo ea thekiso ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla, tlhokahalo ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion ka 2020 e tla fihla ho 250GWH, &39;me ho fokotseha ha karolo ena ho tsosolosoa butle-butle. Ho latela tekanyo ea tlhokahalo ea libeteri tse ncha tsa matla a matla a motlakase lilemong tsa morao tjena, matla a betri ea betri ea bapalami e tsoa ho 100% ho isa ho 80%, &39;me bophelo bo ka ba lilemo tse 5. Koloi ea khoebo e ka ba lilemo tse 3.

koloi e ncha ea naha ea heso e sebelisoa ka 2014. Tabeng ena, ka sena, matla a lithium betri a tla kena karolong e kholo ea ho tlohela mosebetsi, ka mantsoe a mang, ka 2018, e hlile e qala ho etsa betri ea lithium-ion e tla kenya moea o mocha, ntlha e latelang e ntseng e phahama. Ho ea ka khakanyo ea basebetsi ba phahameng ba lithium motlakase, barekisi ba ka sehloohong, joalo-joalo.

, 2018 e lebeletse ho tlohela betri ea 11GWH, sebaka sa &39;maraka se lumellanang se pota-potile 6 limilione tse likete; Sebaka sa &39;maraka sa 2020 ke limilione tse likete tse 15, se fihla ho limilione tse likete tse 40 ka 2023, ho tloha 2018 ho ea ho 2023, sekhahla sa selemo le selemo sa keketseho e rarahaneng se fihlile ho 50%,&39; me ho tsosolosoa ha libeteri tsa lithium-ion ho ka boleloa hore ke mokhoa o latelang oa &39;maraka. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, ho tsosolosoa ha libeteri tsa lithium-ion ka 2017 ke lithane tse 80,000, &39;me boholo ba&39; maraka bo pota-potile 30-4 limilione tse likete. Ho lithane tsena tsa 80,000, ho qhaqha betri ho nka 95%, &39;me ha ho na tšebeliso ea mohoebi.

Hajoale, lebaka la lere le sebelisa papatso ea mmaraka ke ea bohlokoa. Lintlha tse latelang li na le lintlha tse latelang: bothata ba polokeho ea tekheniki selemong se fetileng bo hlahelletse haholo; , Standardization ha e phahame, ho thata ho feta ho bapisa mohoebi ho thata; &39;maraka oa polokelo ea matla ha o na ho lokolloa ka bongata. Mokhoa oa 1 oa theknoloji.

Maemo a Tekheniki naha ea heso e hloka litlhoko tsa "New Energy Automobile Waste Battery Comprehensive Utilization Industry Normative Conditions": Tlas&39;a maemo a mongobo a ho qhibiliha, ts&39;ebeliso e felletseng ea nickel-cobalt manganese ha e ka tlase ho 98%, &39;me ho sebelisoa hape ha ho qhibilihisa ho thehiloeng mollong Ho seng ka tlase ho 97%. Hajoale, lik&39;hamphani tse etelletseng pele Chaena li se li fihlile maemong. 2.

Ts&39;ebetso ea libeteri tsena tse peli ha e fapane haholo. Bophelo ba potoloho ea lithium iron phosphate bo bolelele, &39;me betri e ka fihla makhetlo a 2000-6000 ho tloha 100% attenuation ho 80%. CATL e entse tekanyo e boletsoeng ka holimo, &39;me mosebetsi oa lithium iron phosphate ka mor&39;a ho tlohela mosebetsi o ka sebelisoa e le sele ea betri bonyane lilemo tse 5.

Lithium iron phosphate, haeba e hlakotsoe ka kotloloho, e hlakotsoe, meputso e fokolang, likarolo tsa eona ha li na chelete, dikahare tsa lithium li nyane haholo, 1 tonne ea lithium iron phosphate recycling melemo ea moruo e ka bang 10,000, haeba e sebelisoa e le meputso ea tšebeliso ea lere ho 30000-40000 Around, kaha lintlha tsena tse peli tsa lithium li loketse ho feta. 3, ho phalla ha lere ho arotsoe ka mehato e meraro: pele ho hlahloba betri e tsosolositsoeng, ebe u tsamaisa mohala oa betri ka ho bapisa, mohato oa boraro o sebelisetsoa ho laola tsamaiso, ho eketsoa ha BMS, bokhoni ba moralo le matla a tšoanang. Bokhoni bo akaretsang ba betri le likarohano tsa papali ea matla ke 8: 1, tekanyo ea ho tsoa ke 0.

125C. Theknoloji ea bohlokoa bakeng sa tšebeliso ea lere ke tse peli: Theknoloji ea ho kopanya ka mokhoa o ikhethileng: Libetri tse fapaneng li na le theknoloji e fapaneng ea pakete, ho manolla libeteri tse fapaneng tse fapaneng ho latela ts&39;ebetso, bophelo ba module ea betri; thekenoloji e felletseng ea phepelo ea phepelo ea bophelo: ka BMS Supply SOC, SOH, matšoao a tekheniki a SOP ho hakanya. Litlhoko tsa naha tsa ho haha ​​likoloi tsa matla a macha National monitoring and power storage battery recycling traceability integrated management platform, platforms li thehiloe holim&39;a tlhahiso ea betri e le bajari ba tlhahisoleseding, ho fihlela lefu la betri le ka fumanoa le litlaleho tsa data bakeng sa potoloho e feletseng ea bophelo.

4, ho hlaphoheloa ha lisebelisoa tsa bophelo ba lithium phosphate ke nako e telele, ha bophelo ba potoloho ea betri ea ternary bo le ka makhetlo a 800-2000, bo khutšoanyane; tšireletseho ea betri ea ternary ha e ntle, betri ea lithium-ion ea tšepe e ntle, sebaka sa mollo se batla se le tlase, ha se tšoanelehe Tšimo e sebelisetsoang liteishene tsa matla a polokelo ea matla, liteishene tsa motheo tsa puisano, joalo-joalo. Ho phaella moo, theko ea nickel-wateng manganese ka betri ea ternary e batla e phahame, le haeba e arotsoe ka ho toba, chelete e kenang le eona e ngata haholo. Ka hona, ka lehlakoreng le leng, betri ea ternary e loketse haholoanyane bakeng sa ho qhaqha hape.

Theko ea ho qhaqha betri ea li-yuan tse tharo ke 40,000-50,000 yuan / ton. Haeba manganese ea nickel-cobalt e senyehileng e tla sebelisoa ho etsa selelekela sa thepa ea ternary, theko e phahame, CATL e le mohlala, theko ea unit ke 80,000 yuan / ton. Ho tsosolosoa ha lisebelisoa ho arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e &39;meli: betere e tsosolositsoeng e sebelisoa pele, e lokolloa, e tlosa sephutheloana sa ka ntle,&39; me karohano ea ho qhaqha ka letsoho e arohane; ebe o fola.

Theknoloji ea ho tsosolosa e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e meraro: mokhoa o omileng (molao oa &39;mele): mokhoa oa ho hlophisa mechine: mokhoa oa mochine o robehileng, ho hlophisa ka ho toba mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso oa mocheso: mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso, ho etsa mouoane o batang o batang le mokhoa o omileng oa ho lokisa mocheso: ka mor&39;a ho omella Retreating sehlahisoa se se nang sekoli se entsoeng ka mokhoa o nang le lintho tse metsi (mokhoa oa lik&39;hemik&39;hale): metallurgy e metsi: phapanyetsano ea lik&39;hemik&39;hale: ho qhibiliha ka ho fapanyetsana ha lik&39;hemik&39;hale: thekenoloji ea ho hlaphoheloa ha likokoana-hloko: Bohlokoa ke ho lutla le likokoana-hloko, Ho ntse ho le thata le ho feta ho bolela, mathata a tekheniki a tlameha ho robeha. Hajoale, indastering, libeteri tsa ternary ka kakaretso li sebelisa mokhoa oa metsi, &39;me lithium iron phosphate e sebelisa mokhoa o omileng. Hona hape ke mokhoa o khothaletsoang.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, litšenyehelo tsa mokhoa oa ho koloba li batla li le holimo, empa ho hloeka ha thepa e tsosolositsoeng e batla e phahame, e &39;ngoe le e&39; ngoe e na le molemo. Mokhoa oa ts&39;ebetso 1, US: Katoloso ea Boikarabello ba Moetsi + Sistimi ea Deposit ea Bareki Nka TSLA, 2015 TSLA e phatlalalitse Powerwall bakeng sa mmaraka oa polokelo ea matla, le ts&39;ebeliso ea lere ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion. 2, Jeremane: Moetsi o nka hore boikarabelo ba bohlokoa ke nyeoe ea Bosch.

Ka 2015, e ile ea qala ho sebelisa mohoebi oa betri ho sebelisa mokhoa oa ho tsosolosa, &39;me sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa ka 2018 se lebelletsoe ho feta 50%. 3, Japane: Molao oa Molao + oa Tšehetso oa K&39;hamphani ea Tlhahiso ea Battery ho tloha boemong ba naha, o tšehetsoeng bakeng sa k&39;hamphani ea tlhahiso ea betri. Nka Toyota e le mohlala, Toyota ke pompo ea likoloi tse tsoakiloeng lefatšeng ka bophara.

E qalile ho senya libeteri tsa litšila ka 1998. Ho tsosolosa ha eona ke mehato e meraro: qala ka ho theha marang-rang a ho tsosolosa, ebe u hlahloba betri e tsosolositsoeng. Ho bola le kalafo ea lik&39;hemik&39;hale ea betri e lahleheloang ke boleng ba tšebeliso hape.

Ka 2015, Feng Tian o ile a sebelisa betri ea litšila ea Camry Mixed Power Vehicle bakeng sa meaho ea Huangshi National Park, mme a hlophisa bocha sistimi ea taolo ea betri ea polokelo ea matla. 208 Libetri tsa Camry li ka boloka matla a motlakase a 85kWH, le ho lelefatsa bophelo ba betri. Habedi.

4. Ho hlaphoheloa ha betri ea asiti ea lead Ka 2016, sehlahisoa sa libeteri tsa asiti ea lead naheng ea heso se fihlile ho lithane tse limilione tse 4. Theko ea loto e fihlile ho limilione tse likete tse 40.

Ho latela pono ea thekenoloji, sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa ha libeteri tsa lead-acid naheng ea heso se ka fihla ho 98%, empa sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa ke 30% feela, litaba tsa bohlokoa ha se ho theha marang-rang a maholo. Mookameli oa ts&39;ebetso o lokela ho kenya ts&39;ebetsong tsamaiso ea katoloso ea boikarabello ba bahlahisi, e leng tlhahiso ea likoloi, khampani e nang le betri, ea motho oa boraro e le taba ea ho tsosolosa, moo lik&39;hamphani tse hlahisang likoloi li leng teng. Ka mokhoa oa khoebo, theha marang-rang a ho tsosolosa, ho sebetsana ka mokhoa o khethehileng, bobeli ba motsoako oa manyolo, hona joale.

Sepheo sa tlhōlisano ea indasteri ea nakong e tlang ke ea bohlokoa hape ho tsepamisa maikutlo lintlheng tsena tse peli: ho theha marang-rang a naha ea ho tsosolosa, ho na le phello ea tekanyo, e ka hlapolloa; monyetla oa ho fihla ho thekenoloji. Hona joale, ho na le libeteri tse fokolang tse sebelisoang litepising tsa naha ea heso ka 2017, &39;me taba ea bohlokoa ke moruo. Ho ea ka lintlha tsa selekane sa betri, polokelo ea matla ea naha ea heso e pompa matla a polokelo, &39;me seteishene sa matla a futhumatsang se thehiloe haholo-holo ho betere ea mashala a etellang pele.

Betri ea lithium iron phosphate ion ha e e-s&39;o fetohe lebaka la bohlokoa bakeng sa &39;mele o ka sehloohong oa lere. Ke ho bona setšoantšo. , Litsenyehelo tsa lisele tsa mashala a loto le matla a ho pompa li ka ba 0.

4 yuan / kWh, mme betri ea lithium ion ke 0.7 yuan / kWh. Ho nka morero oa Qihadian Power Lithium Battery Liyang e le mohlala, liphello tsa lipalo li bontša hore nako e tsitsitseng ea ho tsosolosa chelete ea morero oa polokelo ea matla e ka bang lilemo tse 6.

Haeba u tlameha ho etsa chelete, ho hlokahala hore u sebetse lilemo tse 10, &39;me sekhahla sa ho khutlisa lekhetho ke 10%. Le hoja moruo oa lere o sa totobala, ka ho theoha ha theko ea betri, &39;maraka o sebelisitsoeng nakong e tlang o tla phatloha butle-butle. Investment M <000000> A 1, naha ea heso Tower Tower Company ke k&39;hamphani e kholo ea litšebeletso tse kopanetsoeng tsa litšebeletso tsa litšebeletso tsa mekhoa ea puisano, e thehiloeng ka kopanelo ke naha ea heso Telecom, naha ea heso Mobile, naha ea heso Unicom, ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea marang-rang, tlhokomelo le ts&39;ebetso ea tsamaiso ea ka hare ea kabo.

Mathoasong a January selemong sena, lik&39;hamphani tse 17 tse kang Tower le Chongqing Changan, BYD, Yinlong New Energy, Watma, Guoxuan High-class, Sandon New Energy li ne li kopantsoe hape bakeng sa lithium iron phosphate. Hajoale, ho na le liprofinse le litoropo tse 12 naheng ka bophara. Liteishene tse fetang 3000 tsa motheo.

2, mouoane oa SAIC Ningde ke pompo ea indasteri ea likoloi, CATL ke moetapele ea matla oa indasteri ea betri ea lithium, tse peli tse etellang pele ho kopanya matla a karete ea matla a lithium betri, Hlakubele 2018 ka kopanelo e saenetse memorandamo ea ts&39;ebelisano ea maano. CATL e qetile ho reka ka 2013. Lekala la hajoale la khoebo la ho sebelisa betri ea lithium-ion le fetohile e &39;ngoe ea likhoebo tse tharo tsa mantlha.

Ka 2017, ho khutla ha lefapha la khoebo ho fihlile ho limilione tse likete tse 2,5, theko ea yuniti ke 80,000 yuan / ton, phaello e kholo ke 27%, tlaleho ea khoebo e fihlile ho 13%. 3.

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