Iyo yakanyanya kuwanda ongororo yekushandisa manera uye zviwanikwa kudzoreredza kwe lithium bhatiri

作者：Iflowpower – Kaasaskantava elektrijaama tarnija

Kudzivirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza: Iyo yakanaka electrode zvinhu zve lithium-ion bhatiri ine heavy metal zvinhu zvakadai nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium, izvo zvinokonzera kusvibiswa kune zvakatipoteredza, mvura, nezvimwe zvakadaro; iyo carbonaceous zvinhu, graphite, nezvimwe. muzvinhu zvisina kunaka, uye graphite kana zvakafanana zvinogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kweguruva; uyezve, Iyo electrolyte yerithium-ion bhatiri ine chepfu chemakemikari chikamu, chinogona zvakare kukonzera kusvibiswa kwefluorofluid. Kuchengetedza zviwanikwa: Lithium-ion mabhatiri ane nhamba huru yezvinhu zvesimbi, nickel, graphite, nezvimwe.

Yakagoverwa muTibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, nezvimwe. Kubatsira: Kushandiswa kwemanera uye kudzoreredza bhatiri re lithium-ion bhatiri rinogona kuramba richitengeswa, nekuti mumakore achangopfuura, indasitiri yemotokari yakatamira kumagetsi, uye kudiwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion kwakawedzera, izvo zvinotungamira kumitengo yakakwira kwazvo yezvinhu zvakakosha zvesimbi. , Metal cobalt mutengo i600,000 / tani, nickel 100,000 / tani, carbonate 1.

70,000 / tani, simbi lithium 900,000 / tani. Maitiro emusika 1. Rutsigiro rwemitemo rwakatanga kutaurwa muna 2012, iyo "Energy Saving and New Energy Automobile Industry Development Plan" yakazivisa muHurumende Council, "Mechanic Lithium Battery Recycling Management Measures.

"; 2014 Hofisi yeState Council yakazivisa "Nhungamiro yekumhanyisa simba idzva rekusimudzira mota uye kushandisa" tsvagiridzo nekuvandudzwa kwemitemo yekudzokororazve mabhatiri e-lithium ane simba; 2015 Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Development and Reform Commission mu "2016-2020 itsva simba rekusimudzira motori yekusimudzira chikumbiro chemotokari yemagetsi yakataurwa. bhatiri recycling"; 2016, National Development uye Reform Commission, Bazi Indasitiri uye Information Technology, Bazi Ezvakatipoteredza, Bazi Commerce, akazivisa akatevedzana mitemo, kuti ano Kusvika ikozvino, pane zvinopfuura 20 mitemo kuti akadzorerwa kuti lithium-ion mabhatiri. Muna Kurume 2018, hushumiri hunomwe hwakabatana hwakazivisa ichangoburwa "Chiziviso paPilot Basa reNew Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling". Changamire, munogona kupfupisa zvibodzwa zvina zvinotevera: the national ministries and commissions advocate the first step-by-step usement, and then conduct resource recovery; shandisa basa remugadziri, "Ndiani anogadzirwa, ndiani ane mutoro"; gadza kudzokororwa kweiyo simba lithium bhatiri Shandisa sisitimu kuita mamwe mapurojekiti ekutyaira, gadza kudzoreredza network uye kutariswa kweruzivo; maindasitiri maitiro anogara achivandudzwa, uye zvinodiwa nenyika zvekambani zvinojeka zvishoma nezvishoma.

2, hukuru hwemusika weti lithium-ion bhatiri inogona kugoverwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: bhatiri yevatengi: nebheteri pamagetsi emagetsi akadai sefoni, ipad, laptops, inonyanya kuenderana ne lithium-cobalt ion mabhatiri; simba lithium mabhatiri: akashandiswa Bhatiri pamotokari itsva simba rinokosha kune matatu-yuan bhatiri. Imotokari yekutengeserana yakakosha inonzi lithium phosphate ion bhatiri; bhatiri rekuchengetedza simba: rinoshandiswa muchiteshi chekuchaja, chiteshi chemagetsi chinopisa, chekuchengetedza simba rekutengesa, nezvimwe. Iyo lithium iron phosphate ion bhatiri.

Kushandisa manera chii? Semuenzaniso, kana bhatiri richishandiswa mumotokari itsva ine simba, bhatiri i100% simba kana bhatiri razara. Kana bhatiri richishandiswa kwenguva yakati rebei, huwandu hwemagetsi huchadzikira. Kana bhatiri rakaderedzwa kusvika ku80%, haigoni kushandiswa pamotokari.

Izvi zvakashandiswa muchikamu chekutanga; kubva pabhatiri pamota, bhatiri rinogona kushandiswa kubva pa80% -20% yenguva, senge application pamotokari dzinomhanya dzakaderera, matricycle emagetsi, midhudhudhu yemagetsi, yekuchaja chiteshi chekuchengetedza simba. , Thermal power station inokwirisa mumunda, photovoltaic, nezvimwewo, bhatiri rinogona kutariswa kupedzisa kutenderera kwehupenyu hwaro, panguva ino, unogona kudzokorora.

Izvi zvakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu nekushandisa kugona kwebhatiri rese: mota, kushandiswa kwemanera, zvirafu zvekudzokorora. Muna 2017, kugadzirwa uye kutengesa vhoriyamu yemotokari itsva yenyika yangu yaive yakatenderedza 800,000, uye nyika yaive yakazara miriyoni 1.3; zvinotarisirwa kuti motokari itsva yenyika yangu ichasvika mamiriyoni matatu, uye ichasvika mamiriyoni mashanu.

Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekutengesa kwemotokari nyowani dzemagetsi, kudiwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion muna 2020 kuchasvika 250GWH, uye kudzoreredzwa kwechikamu ichi kunodzokororwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvinoenderana nekuyerwa kuyerwa kweiyo nyowani simba mota simba lithium mabhatiri mumakore achangopfuura, bhatiri remutyairi bhatiri rinobva pa100% kusvika 80%, uye hupenyu hunenge makore mashanu. Motokari yekutengeserana inenge makore matatu.

mota itsva yenyika yangu inoshandiswa muna 2014. Muchiitiko ichi, neizvi, simba re lithium bhatiri richapinda muchikamu chikuru chekurega basa, mune mamwe mazwi, muna 2018, iri kutanga chaizvo kuita lithium-ion battery recycle ichaunza mhepo itsva, iyo inotevera inosimuka. Zvinoenderana nefungidziro yevashandi vepamusoro-lithium magetsi, mabroker makuru, nezvimwe.

, 2018 inotarisira 11GWH bhatiri retirement, inoenderana nzvimbo yemusika inotenderera 6 bhiriyoni; 2020 nzvimbo yemusika ndeye 15 bhiriyoni, inosvika 40 bhiriyoni muna 2023, kubva 2018 kusvika Muna 2023, yegore yakaoma yekuwedzera mwero yakasvika 50%, uye kudzokororwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion kunogona kunzi ndiyo inotevera musika maitiro. Maererano nenhamba, kudzoreredzwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion muna 2017 ndeye 80,000 matani, uye saizi yemusika yakatenderedza 30-4 bhiriyoni. Mune iyi 80,000 matani, bhatiri rekubvisa account ye95%, uye hapana kushandiswa kwevatengesi.

Parizvino, chikonzero chemanera anoshandisa kukwidziridzwa kwemusika kwakakosha. Aya mapoinzi anotevera ane mapoinzi anotevera: dambudziko rekuchengetedza tekinoroji mugore rapfuura rinonyanya kuoneka; , Kumira hakusi kwepamusoro, zvakanyanya kuoma kufanana nemutengesi zvakaoma; musika wekuchengetedza simba hauna kusunungurwa kwakawanda. Technology nzira 1.

Technical Standards nyika yangu inoda zvinodiwa zve "New Energy Automobile Waste Battery Comprehensive Utilization Industry Normative Conditions": Pasi pemamiriro ekunyorova kwekunyunguduka, kudzoreredza kushandiswa kwenickel-cobalt manganese hakusi pasi pe98%, uye kudzokorodza kwemoto-based smelting Kwete pasi pe97%. Parizvino, makambani anotungamira muChina asvika pachiyero. 2.

Kuita kwemabhatiri maviri aya hakuna kunyanya kusiyana. Hupenyu hwekutenderera kwe lithium iron phosphate hwakareba, uye bhatiri rinogona kusvika 2000-6000 nguva kubva pa100% attenuation kusvika 80%. CATL yakaita chiyero chataurwa pamusoro apa, uye iyo lithium iron phosphate basa mushure mekuenda pamudyandigere inogona kushandiswa sebhatiri sero kweanodarika makore mashanu.

Lithium iron phosphate, kana yaraswa zvakananga, yakabviswa kupora, mihoro shoma, zvikamu zvayo hazvina kukosha mari, lithium yemukati idiki kwazvo, 1 tani ye lithium iron phosphate recycling mabhenefiti ehupfumi ari kutenderera zviuru gumi, kana akashandiswa semanera mashandisirwo emari pa 30000-40000 Around, sezvo aya maviri eiron phosphate akakodzera nzvimbo mbiri dzesimbi. 3, kuyerera kwemanera kwakakamurwa kuita nhanho nhatu: kutanga kuongorora bhatiri rakadzokororwa, wozotakura-pabhatiri tambo parallel, nhanho yechitatu inoshandiswa kubata manejimendi, kuwedzera kweBMS, dhizaini kugona uye simba match. General bhatiri huwandu uye simba match reshiyo ndeye 8: 1, chiyero chekuburitsa i0.

125C. Makiyi ehunyanzvi ekushandisa manera maviri: Discrete kusanganisa tekinoroji: Mabhatiri akasiyana ane akasiyana pack tekinoroji, anoburitsa akasiyana mabhatiri ega ega zvichienderana nekuita, hupenyu hwebhatiri module; Hupenyu huzere kutenderera kutenderera tekinoroji: kuburikidza neBMS Supply SOC, SOH, SOP tekinoroji zviratidzo zvekufungidzira. National zvinodiwa kuvaka motokari itsva simba National monitoring uye simba okuchengetera bhatiri recycling traceability Integrated utariri papuratifomu, platforms vari kwakavakirwa bhatiri kugadzirwa sezvo mashoko vatakuri, kusvikira bhatiri rufu ari traceable uye mashoko zvinyorwa zvizere upenyu kutenderera.

4, kudzoreredza kwehupenyu hwelithium phosphate hupenyu hwakareba, nepo kutenderera hupenyu hwebhatiri reternary kutenderedza 800-2000 nguva, ipfupi; kuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri reternary hakuna kunaka, iyo iron lithium-ion bhatiri yakanaka, nzvimbo yemoto yakaderera, haina kukodzera Munda unoshandiswa kuchengetedza magetsi emagetsi, zviteshi zvekutaurirana, nezvimwe. Pamusoro pezvo, mutengo wenickel-wateng manganese mubhatiri reternary wakakwira zvakanyanya, kunyangwe kana wakaparadzaniswa zvakananga, mari inowanikwa zvakare yakawanda. Naizvozvo, nekusiyana, ternary bhatiri inonyanya kukodzera kuputsa kudzokorora.

Mutengo weiyo matatu-yuan bhatiri dismantles i40,000-50,000 yuan / tani. Kana iyo yakabviswa nickel-cobalt manganese ichashandiswa kuita inotangira ternary zvinhu, mutengo wakakwira, CATL semuenzaniso, mutengo weyuniti i80,000 yuan / tani. Iro resource recovery inokamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: bhatiri rakadzokororwa rakafanogadziriswa, rinobudiswa, rinobvisa kunze kwepakeji, uye kupatsanurwa kwemaoko kunoparadzaniswa; wobva wapora.

Tekinoroji yekudzokorodza inogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: yakaoma nzira (mutemo wemuviri): Mechanical kuronga nzira: mechanical zvinoreva kuputsika kuongorora, zvakananga kurongedza yakakwirira tembiricha kupisa mhinduro: kupisa tembiricha kupisa, kugadzira mhepo inopisa inotonhora uye yakaoma nzira yekugadzirisa kupisa: mushure mekuoma Kudzoreredza iyo yakadzokororwa isina kuchena chigadzirwa muzvinhu zvakanyorova nzira (kemikari nzira): yakanyorova simbi yekutsinhana: yakanyungudika nekutsinhana kwekemikari: yakanyungudika nekutsinhana kwekemikari: yakanyungudika nekutsinhana kwekemikari. tekinoroji yekudzoreredza tekinoroji: Chakakosha kudonha nema microorganisms, Zvichiri kuoma kutaura, matambudziko ehunyanzvi anofanirwa kuputswa. Parizvino, muindasitiri, mabhatiri eternary anowanzo shandisa nzira yekunyorova, uye lithium iron phosphate inoshandisa yakaoma nzira. Iyi zvakare inzira inokurudzirwa.

Kusiyana neizvi, mari yemvura yakanyorova yakakwira, asi kuchena kwezvinhu zvakadzoserwa kwakakwira zvakanyanya, chimwe nechimwe chine zvakanakira. Operation mode 1, US: Producer&39;s Responsibility Extension + Consumer Deposit System Tora TSLA, 2015 TSLA yakazivisa Powerwall yemusika wekuchengetedza simba, uye manera ekushandiswa kwe lithium-ion mabhatiri. 2, Germany: Mugadziri anofunga kuti basa rakakosha inyaya yeBosch.

Muna 2015, yakatanga kushandisa mutengesi webhatiri kushandisa kudzokorora, uye chiyero chekudzorera muna 2018 chinotarisirwa kudarika 50%. 3, Japan: Yemutemo + Inotsigira Battery Production Kambani Mitemo kubva kurudzi rwenyika, inopihwa rubatsiro kukambani yekugadzira mabhatiri. Tora Toyota semuenzaniso, Toyota imota yakasanganiswa yepasi rose pombi.

Yakatanga kuita marara mabhatiri muna 1998. Kudzokorodza kwayo matanho matatu: tanga wamisa network yekudzokorodza, wozoongorora bhatiri rakadzokororwa. Kuora uye kurapwa kwemakemikari kwebhatiri rinorasikirwa zvachose kukosha kwekushandisa zvakare.

Muna 2015, Feng Tian akashandisa bhatiri remarara reCamry Mixed Power Vehicle kuHuangshi National Park zvivakwa, uye akagadziridzazve simba rekuchengetedza bhatiri system. 208 mabhatiri eCamry anogona kuchengeta 85kWH simba remagetsi, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri. Kaviri.

4. Lead-acid bhatiri kupora Muna 2016, chigadzirwa chemabhatiri e-lead-asidhi munyika yangu chakasvika mamiriyoni mana ematani. Kukosha kwemutobvu kwasvika mabhiriyoni makumi mana.

Kubva pakuona tekinoroji, chiyero chekudzoreredza mabhatiri e-lead-asidhi munyika yangu inogona kusvika 98%, asi iyo chaiyo yekudzoreredza chiyero ndeye 30% chete, nyaya dzakakosha hadzisi kugadzira network yakakura. Mukuru wekudzokorodza anofanirwa kuita iyo yekuwedzera sisitimu yemutoro wevagadziri, kureva kugadzirwa kwemotokari, ine bhatiri, yechitatu-bato resource recycling kambani senyaya yekudzokorodza, mune makambani ekugadzira mota. Mune bhizinesi modhi, gadza network yekudzokorodza, yakasarudzika kubata, ese ari maviri organic musanganiswa, parizvino.

Iyo yeramangwana indasitiri yemakwikwi logic yakakoshawo kutarisa pane aya mapoinzi maviri: kumisikidza yenyika recycling network, pane chiyero mhedzisiro, inogona kuderedzwa; budiriro tekinoroji chikumbaridzo. Parizvino, kune mashoma mabhatiri anoshandiswa mumanera enyika yangu muna 2017, uye nyaya yakakosha ndeyehupfumi. Zvinoenderana nedata remubatanidzwa webhatiri, simba renyika yangu rinonyanya kupomba simba rekuchengetedza, uye chiteshi chemagetsi chinopisa chinonyanya kuenderana nebhatiri remarasha anotungamira.

Iyo lithium iron phosphate ion bhatiri haina kuve chikonzero chakakosha chemuviri mukuru wemanera. Ndiko kuona mufananidzo. , Mutengo wemasero emarasha emutobvu uye simba rekupomba wakatenderedza 0.

4 yuan / kWh, uye lithium ion bhatiri iri 0.7 yuan / kWh. Tichitora iyo Qihadian Power Lithium Battery Liyang Project semuenzaniso, mhedzisiro yekuverenga inoratidza kuti iyo static investimendi yekudzoreredza nguva yeprojekiti yekuchengetedza simba ingangoita makore matanhatu.

Kana iwe uchifanira kuita mari, zvakakosha kushanda kwemakore gumi, uye mushure mekubhadhara mutero chiyero che10%. Kunyangwe hupfumi hwemanera husiri pachena, nekuderera kwemutengo webhatiri, musika wakashandiswa mune ramangwana uchaputika zvishoma nezvishoma. Investment M <000000> A 1, nyika yangu Tower Tower Company ikambani huru yekukurukurirana zvivakwa zvakabatanidzwa sevhisi, iyo yakabatanidzwa pamwe chete nenyika yangu Telecom, nyika yangu Mobile, nyika yangu Unicom, chikamu chakakosha chetiweki, kuchengetedza uye kushanda kwemukati wekugovera system.

Mukutanga kwaNdira gore rino, makambani gumi nemanomwe akadai seTower neChongqing Changan, BYD, Yinlong New Energy, Watma, Guoxuan High-class, Sandon New Energy akabatanidzwa zvakare kune lithium iron phosphate. Parizvino, kune matunhu nemaguta gumi nemaviri munyika yose. Zvinopfuura 3000 base zviteshi.

2, SAIC Ningde&39;s steam ndiyo faucet yeindasitiri yemotokari, CATL isimba relithium bhatiri indasitiri mutungamiri, maviri anotungamira kubatanidza maoko kadhi simba lithium bhatiri recycling, Kurume 2018 pamwe vakasaina zano remubatanidzwa memorandamu. CATL yakapedza kutora mu2013. Ikozvino lithium-ion bhatiri recycling bhizinesi chikamu chave chimwe cheatatu epakati bhizinesi.

Muna 2017, kudzoka kwebhizimusi chikamu chakasvika 2.5 bhiriyoni, mutengo weyuniti i80,000 yuan / tani, iyo gross purofiti reshiyo i27%, Bhizinesi accounting yakasvika 13%. 3.

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