Falanqaynta ugu ballaadhan ee isticmaalka jaranjarada iyo soo kabashada kheyraadka baytariga lithium

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Ilaalinta deegaanka: Walxaha electrode-ga togan ee baytariga lithium-ion waxa ku jira walxo bir ah oo culus sida nikkel, cobalt, manganese, lithium, kuwaas oo wasakh ku keena deegaanka, biyaha iyo wixii la mid ah; walxaha carbonaceous, graphite, iwm. walxaha taban, iyo graphite ama wixii la mid ah waxay sababi karaan wasakhowga boodhka; Intaa waxaa dheer, Electrolytka baytariyada lithium-ion waxay ka kooban tahay qayb kiimiko ah oo sun ah, taas oo sidoo kale keeni karta faddarayn fluorofluid. Kaydinta kheyraadka: baytariyada lithium-ion waxay ka kooban yihiin tiro badan oo walxo bir ah, nikkel, graphite, iwm.

Waxaa lagu qaybiyay Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, iwm. Faa&39;iidada: Isticmaalka jaranjarada iyo soo kabashada kheyraadka baytariyada lithium-ion weli waa la ganacsan karaa, sababtoo ah sannadihii u dambeeyay, warshadaha baabuurta ayaa u wareegay koronto, waxaana kor u kacay baahida baytariyada lithium-ion, taas oo horseedaysa qiimaha aad u sarreeya ee alaabta birta ah ee qaaliga ah. , Qiimaha cobalt bir ah waa 600,000 / ton, nikkel 100,000 / ton, karbonat 1.

70,000 / ton, bir lithium 900,000 / ton. Habka suuqa 1. Taageerada siyaasadda ayaa markii ugu horreysay lagu sheegay 2012, "Qorshaha Kobcinta Tamarta iyo Tamarta Cusub ee Horumarinta Warshadaha Baabuurta" ayaa lagaga dhawaaqay Golaha Gobolka, "Tallaabooyinka Maareynta Dib-u-warshadaynta Bateriga Lithium Mechanic.

"; 2014 Xafiiska Golaha Gobolka ayaa ku dhawaaqay "Hagaynta si loo dardargeliyo horumarinta baabuurta tamarta cusub iyo codsiga" cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta siyaasadaha dib-u-warshadaynta ee baytariyada lithium firfircoon; 2015 Wasaaradda Maaliyadda, Wasaaradda Sayniska iyo Teknoolajiyada, Wasaaradda Warshadaha iyo Tignoolajiyada Warfaafinta, Guddiga Horumarinta iyo Dib-u-habaynta ee "2016-2020 cusub ogaysiis gaadiidka baabuurta tamarta si ay u sameeyaan batari cusub codsiga batteriga iyo qashinka lagu xusay siyaasadda dhaqaalaha ee korontada. dib u warshadaynta"; 2016, Komishanka Horumarinta iyo Dib-u-habaynta Qaranka, Wasaaradda Warshadaha iyo Tignoolajiyada, Wasaaradda Deegaanka, Wasaaradda Ganacsiga, ayaa ku dhawaaqay siyaasado taxane ah, illaa hadda, waxa jira in ka badan 20 siyaasadood oo lagu soo celiyay baytariyada lithium-ion. Bishii Maarso 2018, todobada wasaaradood waxay si wadajir ah ugu dhawaaqeen "Ogaysiis ku saabsan Shaqada Tijaabada ah ee Dib-u-warshadaynta Bateriga Cusub ee Tamarta Cusub". Mudane, waxaad ku soo koobi kartaa afar qodob oo kala ah: Wasaaradaha Qaranka iyo Guddiyadu waxay u ololeeyaan in tallaabo tallaabo tallaabo ah laga faa’iidaysto, ka dibna la sameeyo soo kabashada khayraadka; fulinta mas&39;uuliyadda soo saaraha, "Yaa la soo saaray, yaa ka masuul ah"; Samee dib-u-warshadaynta batteriga lithium ee awoodda Isticmaal nidaamka si aad u fuliso qaar ka mid ah mashaariicda tijaabada ah, abuurto shabakad soo kabasho iyo kormeer macluumaad; Xeerarka warshadaha si joogto ah ayaa loo wanaajiyaa, shuruudaha shahaadooyinka qaranka ee shirkaduna si tartiib tartiib ah ayey u cad yihiin.

2, guud ahaan cabbirka suuqa ee baytariyada lithium-ion waxa loo qaybin karaa saddex qaybood oo waaweyn: batari isticmaaleyaasha: ku leh batari ku jira qalabka elektarooniga ah ee macaamiisha sida telefoonnada gacanta, ipad, laptops, inta badan waxay ku salaysan yihiin baytariyada lithium-cobalt ion; baytariyada lithium-ka koronta: la isticmaalay Bateriga ku jira baabuurka tamarta cusub ayaa muhiim u ah baytariga saddexda yuan ah. Baabuurka ganacsigu waa muhiim waa baytari ion lithium phosphate ah; batteriga kaydinta tamarta: loo isticmaalo saldhigga dallaca, xarunta tamarta kulaylka, kaydinta tamarta ganacsiga, iwm. Waa batari phosphate ion lithium iron ah.

Waa maxay isticmaalka jaranjarada? Tusaale ahaan, haddii batteriga loo isticmaalo baabuur tamareed cusub, batarigu waa 100% tamar marka batteriga si buuxda loo dallaco. Marka batteriga la isticmaalo in muddo ah, qadarka korontadu wuu yaraan doonaa. Marka batteriga la dhimo 80%, laguma isticmaali karo baabuurka.

Tan waxaa loo adeegsaday wajigii koowaad; laga bilaabo batteriga baabuurka, batteriga waxaa loo isticmaali karaa 80% -20% inta u dhaxaysa, sida codsiga baabuurta xawaaraha hooseeya, saddex baaskiil koronto, mootooyinka korantada, kaydinta tamarta ee saldhiga. , Saldhigga tamarta kulaylka ayaa ugu sarreeya garoonka, sawir-qaadista, iwm., batteriga waxaa loo tixgelin karaa inuu dhammaystiro wareegga nolosha, waqtigan, waxaad dib u warshadayn kartaa.

Tan waxa loo qaybiyaa saddex qaybood iyadoo la isticmaalayo awoodda batteriga oo dhan: baabuurka, ka faa&39;iidaysiga jaranjarada, dib u warshadaynta qashinka. Sannadkii 2017, wax-soo-saarka iyo iibinta baabuurta tamarta cusub ee dalkaygu waxay ahayd ku dhawaad ​​800,000, duniduna waxay ahayd wadar ahaan 1.3 milyan; waxa la filayaa in dalkaygu baabuurta tamarta cusub ay gaadhi doonaan 3 milyan, oo ay gaadhi doonaan 5 milyan.

Marka loo eego mugga iibka baabuurta tamarta cusub, baahida baytariyada lithium-ion ee 2020 waxay gaari doontaa 250GWH, hoos u dhaca qaybtan ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah dib loo warshadeeyay. Marka loo eego cabbiraadda baahida tamarta cusub ee baytariyada lithium-ka tamarta cusub sannadihii la soo dhaafay, awoodda baytari ee batteriga rakaabku waa 100% ilaa 80%, noloshuna waa qiyaastii 5 sano. Baabuurka ganacsigu waa ilaa 3 sano.

Baabuurka tamarta cusub ee dalkayga waxa la isticmaalay 2014. Xaaladdan oo kale, by this, batari lithium korontada geli doonaa marxalad hawlgab oo baaxad weyn, in si kale loo dhigo, in 2018, waxa ay dhab ahaantii bilaabay in la sameeyo dib u warshadaynta batari lithium-ion keeni doonaa dabaysha cusub, barta soo socota ee soo socda. Marka loo eego qiyaasta shaqaalaha sare ee korontada lithium, dilaaliinta waaweyn, iwm.

, 2018 waxay filaysaa hawlgabnimada batteriga 11GWH, booska suuqa ee u dhigma waa qiyaastii 6 bilyan; 2020 booska suuqa waa 15 bilyan, gaarey 40 bilyan 2023, laga bilaabo 2018 ilaa 2023, heerka korodhka adag sanadlaha ah ee 50%, iyo dib-u-warshadaynta ee baytariyada lithium-ion waxaa la odhan karaa waa qaabka suuqa soo socda. Marka loo eego tirakoobyada, soo kabashada baytariyada lithium-ion ee 2017 waa 80,000 tan, cabirka suuqana waa ku dhawaad ​​​​30-4 bilyan. 80,000 tan, baytariga baabi&39;inaya waxay u dhigantaa 95%, mana jirto ka faa&39;iidaysi ganacsi.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, sababta jaranjarada loo isticmaalo dhiirrigelinta suuqa waa muhiim. Qodobbada soo socdaa waxay leeyihiin qodobbada soo socda: dhibaatada badbaadada farsamada ee sannadkii hore ayaa aad u caan ah; , Habayntu maaha mid sare, way adagtahay in la is waafajiyo ganacsadaha waa adag tahay; suuqa kaydinta tamarta ma laha sii dayn tiro badan. Jidka Tignoolajiyada 1.

Heerarka Farsamo ee dalkaygu wuxuu u baahan yahay shuruudaha "New Energy Automobile Waste Battery Comprehensive Utilization Industry Standards Standards": Xaaladaha dhalaalidda qoyan, ka faa&39;iidaysiga dhamaystiran ee manganese nikkel-cobalt waa mid aan ka yarayn 98%, iyo dib-u-warshadaynta dhalada dabka ku salaysan ee aan ka yarayn 97%. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, shirkadaha hormuudka ah ee Shiinaha ayaa asal ahaan gaaray heerka. 2.

Waxqabadka labadan baytari aad uma kala duwana. Nolosha meertada fosfateed birta lithium waa dheertahay, batariyadu waxay gaari karaan 2000-6000 jeer laga bilaabo 100% hoos u dhac ilaa 80%. CATL waxay samaysay cabbiraadda kor lagu soo sheegay, iyo shaqada fosfateed birta lithium ka dib hawlgabka waxa loo isticmaali karaa unug batari ahaan ugu yaraan 5 sano.

Lithium iron fosfooraska, haddii si toos ah loo xoqo, dib u soo kabashada, dakhliga xaddidan, qaybaheeda lacag maaha, lithium ka kooban yahay mid aad u yar, 1 tan oo lithium birta fosfateedka dib-u-warshadaynta faa&39;iidooyinka dhaqaale waxay ku dhow yihiin 10,000, haddii loo isticmaalo faa&39;iidada isticmaalka jaranjarada 30000-40000 agagaarka, maadaama labadan dhinac ay ku habboon yihiin lithium. 3, socodka sallaanku wuxuu u qaybsan yahay saddex tallaabo: marka hore in la baadho baytariga dib loo warshadeeyay, ka dibna la qaado xadhkaha batteriga oo barbar socda, tillaabada saddexaad waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu maareeyo maamulka, kordhinta BMS, awoodda naqshadaynta iyo isbarbardhigga awoodda. Awoodda guud ee batteriga iyo saamiga u dhigma korantadu waa 8: 1, saamiga sii dayntu waa 0.

125C. Tiknoolajiyada muhiimka ah ee isticmaalka jaranjarada waa laba: Tiknoolajiyada is dhexgalka Discrete: Batariyada kala duwan waxay leeyihiin tignoolajiyada xirmo kala duwan, furfurida baytariyada kala duwan ee hal batari iyadoo loo eegayo waxqabadka, nolosha moduleka batteriga; Tignoolajiyada raadraaca wareegga nolosha oo buuxa: iyada oo loo marayo BMS Supply SOC, SOH, SOP tilmaamayaasha farsamada si loo qiyaaso. Shuruudaha qaranka ee lagu dhisayo baabuurta tamarta cusub Kormeerka qaranka iyo kaydinta tamarta dib-u-warshadaynta dib-u-warshadaynta batteriga raadraaca isku dhafan ee madal maarayn, goobuhu waxay ku salaysan yihiin wax-soo-saarka baytariga sida xogta sidayaal, ilaa dhimashada batteriga la raadin karo iyo diiwaannada xogta wareegga nolosha oo dhan.

4, soo kabashada kheyraadka nolosha lithium fosfate waa mid aad u dheer, halka nolosha meertada ee batteriga ternary ay ku dhowdahay 800-2000 jeer, oo gaaban; Badbaadada baytari ternary ma fiicna, birta lithium-ion batari waa wanaagsan yahay, barta dabku waa yar yahay, ma ku haboon Field loo isticmaalo saldhigyada tamarta kaydinta, saldhigyada isgaarsiinta, iwm. Intaa waxaa dheer, qiimaha manganese-ka nikkel-wateng ee batteriga ternary waa mid aad u sarreeya, xitaa haddii si toos ah loo kala diro, dakhliga ayaa sidoo kale aad u badan. Sidaa darteed, si ka duwan, baytariga ternary ayaa aad ugu habboon baabi&39;inta dib-u-warshadaynta.

Qiimaha batariyada saddexda yuan ah waa 40,000-50,000 yuan/ton. Haddii manganese-ka nikkel-cobalt ee burburay loo isticmaali doono in lagu sameeyo horudhaca walxaha ternary, qiimuhu wuu sarreeyaa, CATL tusaale ahaan, qiimaha halbeegga waa 80,000 yuan / ton. Soo kabashada kheyraadku waxay u qaybsantaa laba weji: batteriga dib loo warshadeeyay ayaa horay loo sii diyaariyay, la saaray, ka saaraya baakadaha dibadda, kala-saarista gacanta ayaa la kala saaray; ka dib soo kabso.

Tiknoolajiyada dib-u-warshadaynta waxa loo qaybin karaa saddex qaybood: Habka qalalan (sharciga jireed): Habka kala soocida makaanikada: farsamaynta macneheedu waa baadhis jaban, si toos ah u kala soocida xal kulaylka sare ee heerkulka sare: gubi heerkul sare, samaynta uumi degenaansho qabow iyo habka qalalan dayactirka kulaylka: ka dib dib u celinta badeecada cayriin ee dib loo warshadeeyay habka qoyan (hab kiimikaad): birta qoyan: milmay dib u habeyn kiimikaad: dib u habeyn kiimikaad Tiknoolajiyada soo kabashada noolaha: Muhiimadu waa in ay la daadato noolaha, Wali way adagtahay in la yiraahdo, dhibaatooyinka farsamada waa in la jebiyaa. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, warshadaha, baytariyada ternary guud ahaan waxay isticmaalaan habka qoyan, iyo phosphate iron lithium waxay isticmaashaa hab qalalan. Tani sidoo kale waa hab lagu taliyay.

Taas bedelkeeda, qiimaha habka qoyan waa mid aad u sarreeya, laakiin nadiifinta walxaha la soo celiyay waa mid aad u sarreeya, mid kastaa wuxuu leeyahay faa&39;iido. Habka hawlgalka 1, US: Kordhinta Masuuliyadda Soo saaraha + Nidaamka Debaajiga Macmiilka Qaado TSLA, 2015 TSLA waxay ku dhawaaqday Powerwall suuqa kaydinta tamarta, iyo ka faa&39;iidaysiga jaranjarada baytariyada lithium-ion. 2, Jarmalka: Soo saaraha ayaa u maleynaya in mas&39;uuliyadda muhiimka ah ay tahay kiis loogu talagalay Bosch.

Sannadkii 2015-kii, waxay bilowday inay adeegsato batteriga batroolka si ay u isticmaasho dib-u-warshadaynta, heerka soo kabashada ee 2018 ayaa la filayaa inuu ka badan yahay 50%. 3, Japan: Sharci-dejinta + Taageerida Shirkadda Soo saarista Battery Sharciga ee heer qaran, oo lagu kabo shirkadda soo saarista batteriga. Tusaale ahaan Toyota u soo qaado, Toyota waa qasabad baabuur oo caalami ah oo isku dhafan.

Waxay bilowday inay samayso baytariyada qashinka ah 1998kii. Dib u warshadaynteedu waa saddex tallaabo: marka hore samee shabakad dib u warshadayn ah, ka dibna qiimee baytariga dib loo warshadeeyay. Burburinta iyo daaweynta kiimikaad ee baytariga oo gebi ahaanba lumiyay qiimaha dib u isticmaalka.

Sannadkii 2015-kii, Feng Tian waxa uu batteriga wasakhda ah ee Camry Mixed Power u isticmaalay xarumaha Huangshi National Park, waxa aanu dib u habayn ku sameeyay nidaamka maaraynta baytariyada kaydinta tamarta. 208 baytariyada Camry waxa ay kaydin karaan 85kWH tamar koronto, oo ay kordhiyaan nolosha batteriga. Laba jeer.

4. Soo kabashada baytari-asiidh-ashitada Lead Sannadkii 2016, wax soo saarka baytariyada acid-ashitada ee dalkaygu waxay gaadheen 4 milyan oo tan. Qiimaha rasaasta ayaa gaadhay 40 bilyan.

Marka laga eego dhinaca tignoolajiyada, heerka soo kabashada baytariyada acid-ashitada ee dalkaygu wuxuu gaari karaa 98%, laakiin heerka soo kabashada dhabta ah waa 30% kaliya, arrimaha muhiimka ah maaha in la dhiso shabakad ballaaran. Maamulaha dib-u-warshadaynta waa inuu hirgeliyaa nidaamka fidinta ee mas&39;uuliyadda wax-soo-saareyaasha, kuwaas oo ah wax-soo-saarka baabuurta, bateriga uu leeyahay, shirkadda dib-u-warshadaynta ee qolo saddexaad oo ah mawduuca dib-u-warshadaynta, oo ay ku jiraan shirkadaha wax-soo-saarka baabuurta. Qaabka ganacsiga, samee shabakad dib u warshadayn, maarayn khaas ah, labadaba isku darka organic, hadda.

Caqliga tartanka mustaqbalka ee warshadaha ayaa sidoo kale muhiim ah in diirada la saaro labadan qodob: sameynta shabakad dib u warshadeyn ah oo qaran, waxaa jira saameyn miisaan leh, waa la qasi karaa; heerka tignoolajiyada horumarsan. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa aad u yar baytariyada loo isticmaalo jaranjarooyinka dalkayga 2017, arrinta muhiimka ahina waa dhaqaalaha. Marka loo eego xogta isbahaysiga baytariyada, kaydka tamarta ee dalkaygu waxa ay inta badan soo saartaa tamarta kaydinta, xarunta tamarta kulaylkuna waxa ay inta badan ku salaysan tahay baytari dhuxul ah.

Battery fosfateed ion lithium iron ma noqon sabab muhiim u ah jirka ugu muhiimsan ee jaranjarada. Waa in la arko sawirka. , Qiimaha unugyada dhuxusha rasaasta iyo tamarta bamgareynta waa ilaa 0.

4 yuan / kWh, iyo baytariyada lithium ion waa 0.7 yuan / kWh. Qaado tusaale ahaan Mashruuca Lithium Power Battery Liyang ee Qihadian, natiijooyinka xisaabinta waxay muujinayaan in muddada soo kabashada maalgashiga joogtada ah ee mashruuca kaydinta tamarta uu yahay ilaa 6 sano.

Haddii ay tahay inaad sameyso dakhli, waa lagama maarmaan inaad shaqeyso 10 sano, iyo heerka celinta canshuurta ka dib waa 10%. Inkasta oo dhaqaalaha sallaanku aanu muuqan, hoos u dhac ku yimi qiimaha baytariyada, suuqa la isticmaalay mustaqbalka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u qarxi doona. Maalgelinta M <000000> A 1, dalkayga Tower Tower Company waa shirkad weyn oo kaabayaal isgaarsiineed oo isku dhafan adeeg, taas oo ay si wadajir ah u aasaaseen dalkayga Telecom, dalkayga Mobile, dalkayga Unicom, waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah shabakadaha, dayactirka iyo hawlgalka nidaamka qaybinta gudaha.

Bilowgii Janaayo ee sanadkan, 17 shirkadood sida Tower iyo Chongqing Changan, BYD, Yinlong New Energy, Watma, Guoxuan High-class, Sandon New Energy ayaa si wadajir ah dib loogu warshadeeyay fosfatka birta ee lithium. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa hadda dalka ka jira 12 gobol iyo magaalooyin. In ka badan 3000 saldhig.

2, SAIC Ningde&39;s uumiga waa qasabada warshadaha baabuurta, CATL waa hogaamiyaha warshadaha batteriga lithium firfircoon, laba keentay in ay ku biiraan gacmaha kaararka awoodda lithium batari dib u warshadaynta, March 2018 si wadajir ah u saxiixday heshiis iskaashi istiraatiiji ah. CATL waxay dhamaystirtay la wareegida 2013. Qaybta ganacsiga dib u warshadaynta ee hadda jirta ee lithium-ion waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah saddexda ganacsi ee asaasiga ah.

2017, soo celinta qaybta ganacsiga ayaa gaartay 2.5 bilyan, qiimaha halbeegga waa 80,000 yuan / ton, saamiga guud ee faa&39;iidada waa 27 %, xisaabinta ganacsiga ayaa gaartay 13%. 3.

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