Ungavumeli ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri le-lithium kube nzima ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zamandla amasha

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Umhlinzeki Wesiteshi Samandla Esiphathekayo

Ngokwemininingwane ekhishwe yi-Automobile Industry Association yezwe lami, engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, izimoto ezintsha zezwe lami ezikhiqiza amandla ziqoqe amayunithi angu-1206,000, okukhuphuke ngo-201.5% unyaka nonyaka. Izimoto zamandla amasha eziphukile zithuthukisa izingxenye ezibalulekile - ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ashukumisayo.

Engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, ukukhiqizwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion enikwe amandla ezweni lami kuqongelele u-74.7GWH, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-217.5%.

Ngemuva kwedatha ekhanyayo ifihliwe enkingeni: mangaki amabhethri e-lithium-ion anebhethri eningi "yokuyeka", kodwa imboni yamandla ye-lithium-ion yokuvuselela ibhethri ayilingani ngokwanele, futhi uhlelo lokuphinda lusetshenziswe aluphelele, kukhona ukuphepha Ingozi efihliwe yemvelo. Izimoto ezintsha zamandla zaqala ngo-2014 ukuduma e-China, futhi impilo yazo yebhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla ineminyaka engaba ngu-8. Ngokwezibalo zemboni, inani eliphelele "lomhlalaphansi" ebhethri ye-lithium-ion yezwe lami elinamandla lingamathani angu-200,000; ngo-2022, kulindeleke ukuthi kuyoba amathani 420,000 amandla lithium-ion amabhethri "ukuthatha umhlalaphansi"; Ngo-2025, le nombolo kulindeleke ukuthi ikhuphuke ifinyelele ku-780,000 Ton.

Lapho bebhekene negagasi elizayo lebhethri le-lithium-ion elinamandla elithi "retire", abangaphakathi baveze ukuthi uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo kufanele luthuthukiswe, ukusetshenziswa kwezitebhisi kanye nohlelo lokuvuselela kabusha izinsiza kufanele kuvimbele umlenze wangemuva wemoto entsha yamandla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla ezwe lami kanye nokuthengisa kuyaqhubeka eminyakeni eyisithupha, futhi umthamo omuhle kakhulu wokukhiqiza imoto namandla okukhiqiza ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, amandla okubuyisela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ayaqala. Ngokwemibiko yabezindaba, ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zokubuyisela kanye nezindleko zokucubungula iziteshi ezisemthethweni, izinzuzo eziphansi zezomnotho, cishe ingxenye yebhethri "eseyithathe umhlalaphansi" yebhethri ye-lithium-ion ingena emakethe engakahleleki ngokusebenzisa iziteshi ezingakahleleki.

Leli igagasi elinamandla lebhethri le-lithium-ion elithi "retire" tide. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimoto ezintsha zamandla zaziwa ngokuluhlaza, ukunganaki imvelo nokonga amandla. Nokho, amandla amabhethri e-lithium-ion angabangela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo uma ukugaywa kabusha kulahlwa ngendlela engafanele.

Uma ibhethri le-ion ye-lithium phosphate, lapho ukuvuza kwe-electrolyte sekwenzekile, kungabangela ukugeleza kwe-electrolyte enobuthi nokugqwala endaweni yemvelo. Izinsimbi ezinzima njenge-manganese, i-cobalt, i-nickel equkethwe ezintweni zebhethri ye-lithium ion enezinhlangothi ezintathu zizodala ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nasenhlabathini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkomba yokusebenza kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla yezimoto zamandla amasha iphezulu, futhi umthamo webhethri wehliswa waba ngaphezu kwama-20%.

Ngakho-ke, amabhethri e-lithium-ion amaningi "asethathe umhlalaphansi" asengasetshenziswa futhi aphinde asebenzise insiza, futhi azodala imfucuza. Ukungcoliswa nokumosha ngokungangabazeki kuzolimaza izimoto zamandla amasha ukuze zigcine iminyaka eminingi yokuvikelwa kwemvelo, izithombe ezonga amandla. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto zamandla amasha esikhathini esizayo, futhi kuyaphuthuma ukucindezela ibhodi elifushane.

Okwamanje, ibhethri lamandla "eselithathe umhlalaphansi" le-lithium-ion ligaya kabusha ukusetshenziswa kwezitebhisi ezibalulekile kanye nokugaywa kabusha ukuze kukhishwe izikhombisi-ndlela ezimbili ezinkulu zezinto zokusetshenziswa. Inani lenani lensalela yebhethri linzima ukulilinganisela ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwentengo yensimbi kuthinta umnotho wokutholwa kwempahla, ukuntuleka kokusetshenziswa kwezitebhisi kwezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe, njll. Eqinisweni, ileveli yokulawula ivamise ukusetshenziswa ekutholeni ibhethri le-lithium-ion ashukumisayo.

Kusukela ngo-2018, iminyango engu-7 yoMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi yethula ngokuhlanganyela umsebenzi wokuhlola wokuvuselela amandla ebhethri esitoreji samandla emoto entsha. Kulo nyaka, "Ukusheshisa Ukwakhiwa Kwesistimu Yokugaywa Kabusha Kwebhethri I-Lithium Ion" nayo ifakiwe embikweni kahulumeni. IKhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko eyakhishwa mhla lu-1 kuNtulikazi "UHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu" Uhlelo Lwendilinga Yokuthuthukisa Umnotho luphinde lwahlala omunye wemiklamo ebalulekile.

Ngokuzayo, amazinga nemithetho yemboni ecwengisiswe kakhudlwana kulindeleke ukuthi isize imboni iqhubekele entuthukweni enempilo. Ngokombono wezohwebo, amandla okugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion kusewulwandle oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amandla okuthuthukiswa makhulu kakhulu. Inhlangano kulindeleke ukuthi endabeni yenani eliyinsalela laseChina, inani le-phosphate nesitebhisi sebhethri le-ion lizofinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-68 ngo-2020 kuya ku-2030.

2020 ~ 2030 ibhethri ye-lithium ion yama-yuan amathathu eqoqwe indawo yokuvuselela izofinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-13.5 kuleli cala. Kungashiwo ukuthi ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri le-lithium-ion okunamandla kufanele kufane, futhi kufanelekile ukujula.

Kuyadingeka ukwakha uhlelo oluzwakalayo lokugaywa kabusha ukuze kusizwe imboni yezimoto zamandla amasha ithuthuke kahle. Isithombe (Umthombo: Worker Daily) / Umbhali: Du Xin).