Musa ukuvumela ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ibhetri ye-lithium eguqukayo kube nzima ukuthintela uphuhliso lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha

著者：Iflowpower – Lieferant von tragbaren Kraftwerken

Ngokutsho kwedatha ekhutshwe yi-Automobile Industry Association yelizwe lam, kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, izithuthi zamandla amatsha elizwe lam ziqokelele iiyunithi ze-1206,000, ukunyuka kwe-201.5% ngonyaka. Izithuthi zamandla amatsha ezaphukileyo zonyusa amacandelo aphambili - ukuveliswa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezinamandla.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, imveliso yebhetri ye-lithium-ion yelizwe lam yaqokelela i-74.7GWH, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-217.5%.

Emva kwedatha eqaqambileyo ifihliwe kwingxaki: zingaphi iibhetri zamandla e-lithium-ion zinebhetri engaphezulu "yokurhoxa", kodwa i-lithium-ion ibhetri yokuphinda isetyenziswe kwi-recycling imveliso ayifani ngokwaneleyo, kwaye inkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe ayifezekanga, kukho ukhuseleko lweNdalo efihliweyo ingozi. Izithuthi zamandla amatsha zaqala ngo-2014 ukuba zidume e-China, kwaye ubomi babo bebhetri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo bujikeleze iminyaka eyi-8. Ngokwezibalo zeshishini, inani elipheleleyo "lomhlalaphantsi" kwilizwe lam ibhetri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo imalunga neetoni ezingama-200,000; kwi-2022, kulindeleke ukuba kuya kuba ne-420.000 yeetoni zamandla e-lithium-ion iibhetri "zomhlalaphantsi"; Ngo-2025, eli nani kulindeleke ukuba linyuke liye kwi-780,000 Ton.

Phambi kwebhetri ezayo ye-lithium-ion ibhetri "yomhlalaphantsi", abangaphakathi babonisa ukuba inkqubo yokuhlaziya ibhetri ye-lithium-ion eguqukayo kufuneka iphuculwe, ukusetyenziswa kweleli kunye nenkqubo yokubuyisela kwakhona i-resource recycling kufuneka ithintele umlenze ongemva wesithuthi samandla esitsha. Kwelinye icala, imveliso yemoto entsha yelizwe lam kunye neentengiso ziyaqhubeka kwiminyaka emithandathu, kunye neyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokuvelisa isithuthi kunye namandla okuvelisa ibhetri ye-lithium-ion, amandla okubuyisela ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ayaqala nje. Ngokweengxelo zeendaba, ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zokubuyisela kunye neendleko zokulungisa iitshaneli ezisesikweni, izibonelelo eziphantsi kwezoqoqosho, malunga nesiqingatha sebhetri "esidla umhlala-phantsi" ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ingena kwimarike engekho sikweni ngokusebenzisa amajelo angekho sikweni.

Le yibhetri ye-lithium-ion enamandla "yomhlalaphantsi". Kwelinye icala, iimoto zamandla amatsha zaziwa ngokuluhlaza, zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kunye nokonga amandla. Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zamandla zinokubangela ukungcoliseka kwendalo ukuba ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona akulahlwanga ngokufanelekileyo.

Nje ukuba ibhetri ye-ion ye-lithium phosphate, yakube ivuza i-electrolyte, inokubangela ukuhamba kwe-electrolyte enetyhefu kunye ne-corrosion kwindawo yendalo. Iintsimbi ezinzima ezifana ne-manganese, i-cobalt, i-nickel equlethwe kwizinto ezintathu ze-lithium ion zebhetri ziya kubangela ukungcoliseka kwamanzi kunye nomhlaba. Ngexesha elifanayo, isalathisi sokusebenza kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion yeenqwelo ezintsha zamandla aphezulu, kwaye amandla ebhetri athotywe ngaphezu kwe-20%.

Ke ngoko, iibhetri ezininzi "ezidla umhlala-phantsi" ze-lithium-ion zisenokusetyenziswa kwaye ziphinde zisebenze, kwaye ziya kubangela inkunkuma. Ukungcola kunye nenkunkuma ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kwenzakalisa izithuthi zamandla amatsha ukugcina iminyaka emininzi yokukhuselwa kwendalo, imifanekiso egcina amandla. Ukuhlaziywa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yophuhliso lweshishini elitsha lezithuthi zamandla kwixesha elizayo, kwaye kungxamisekile ukucinezela ibhodi emfutshane.

Okwangoku, ibhetri "esidla umhlala-phantsi" i-lithium-ion ibhetri iphinda isebenzise ileli ebalulekileyo kunye nokuphinda isetyenziswe ukukhupha imiyalelo emibini emikhulu yemathiriyeli ekrwada. Ubungakanani bexabiso elishiyekileyo lebhetri kunzima ukuqikelela ukuba ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lentsimbi kuchaphazela uqoqosho lokubuyisela izinto eziphathekayo, ukusetyenziswa kweleli ukungabikho kwemigangatho yobugcisa, njl. Enyanisweni, inqanaba lokulawula lisebenza rhoqo kwi-lithium-ion yebhetri eguquguqukayo.

Kwangoko ngo-2018, amasebe asi-7 eSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi ngokudibeneyo asungule umsebenzi omtsha wogcino lwebhetri yogcino lwamandla esithuthi. Kulo nyaka, "UkuKhawuleza uLwakhiwo lweNkqubo yokuHlaziya ibhetri yeLithium Ion" ikwaqukwe kwingxelo karhulumente. IKomishoni yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo yeSizwe eyakhutshwa ngomhla woku-1 kuJulayi "IsiCwangciso se-14 seMinyaka emiHlanu" yeSicwangciso soPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho seSetyhula nayo iqhube enye yeeprojekthi eziphambili.

Kwixesha elizayo, imigangatho yeshishini esulungekisiweyo ngakumbi kunye nemimiselo kulindeleke ukuba incede ishishini ukuba liye kuphuhliso olusempilweni. Ukusuka kwimbono yorhwebo, amandla e-lithium-ion ibhetri yokuphinda asetyenziswe kuselulwandle oluluhlaza, amandla ophuhliso makhulu kakhulu. Umbutho kulindeleke ukuba kwimeko yexabiso lentsalela yaseTshayina, isixa se-phosphate kunye neleli yebhetri ye-ion iya kufikelela kwi-68 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2030.

2020 ~ 2030 yuan ezintathu lithium ion ibhetri eqokelelwe indawo yokuphinda isetyenziswe iya kufikelela kwi-13.5 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kwimeko. Kunokuthiwa ibhetri ye-lithium-ion enamandla yokuphinda isetyenziswe kufuneka ibekwe emgangathweni, kwaye ifanelekile ubunzulu.

Kuyimfuneko ukwakha isixokelelwano esinesandi sokurisayikilisha ukunceda ishishini lemoto lamandla amatsha kuphuhliso olusempilweni. Umfanekiso (Umthombo: uMsebenzi ngeMihla) / uMbhali: Du Xin).