How to achieve "direct materialization" utilization? How to listen to the experts

　　Author ：Iflowpower – Portable Power Station Supplier

First look at the data, by the data see market demand and technology development requirements: 1) According to my country Automotive Industry Association, 2017 new energy automotive production and sales reached 7.94 million, 7.77 million, up 53.

8%, 53.3%, respectively, New energy vehicles account for 2.7% of the total sales.

2) As of the end of 2017, it has promoted more than 1.8 million new energy vehicles, and the power storage battery is approximately 86.9GWH.

According to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, it is expected that the sales of new energy vehicles reached 2 million, and pure electric vehicles account for 56%. 3) According to the new energy passenger car power lithium-ion battery life 5-6 years, commercial vehicles 2-3 years, it is expected that my country's power lithium-ion battery recycling is about 10.7 billion yuan in 2020, including about 64 100 million yuan, the regeneration use of about 4.

3 billion yuan. The above three points have seen the huge market for the recycling and recycling of dynamic lithium-ion batteries, but the technical level also puts forward the development, "promoting the development of the automobile power lithium-ion battery industry development action method", to 2020, new lithium The ion-powered lithium-ion battery monomer is more than 300Wh / kg than energy. The system is more than 260Wh / kg than energy.

The cost is reduced to 1 yuan / WH, and the environment -30 ¡ã C to 55 ¡ã C is used to 2025, the monomer is more energy. 500WH / kg. Through the above data, we can also see the development of new energy vehicles to drive the development of the entire lithium-ion power lithium-ion battery, which also brings the market demand for the use of the dynamic lithium-ion battery.

Zhao Jindi, chairman of my country's Battery Industry Association, said that there is current in investment overheating, key technologies lack independent innovation, the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the industrial chain disorderly development, the ladder use safety lacks, the rising raw materials rise A series of reality issues such as cost advantages. The academician of Yang Yusheng more accurately summed up some problems to be solved, and called on the government to lead, experts and other multi-party coordination, power lithium-ion batteries are currently facing: 1) Subsiders are too high to cause electric car companies to deceive Supplement, improve the threshold for the subsidy, the chain of the governor is the chain of the lead, the battery and battery material company are suffering; 2) Excess production, leading to the price of lithium-ion battery, low profit, production Time; 3) Cobalt, nickel resources, price is subject to people, difficult to support thousands of electric vehicles production needs; 4) Subsidies and mileage hooks, making it important than energy than energy, three-yuan battery consisting of 333/523 to 622/811, nickel The content of the content is reduced by the heat loss, the safety is lowered; 5) The vehicle weight, the air conditioner energy consumption, shortening the driving mileage, charging pile fee, battery life is shorter, the second battery should be purchased; 6) subsidies stopped After that, it is difficult to sell high. These problems reflect the challenges of the development of the industry.

As Yang's academician says that these problems are not a one-powered thing, they want the government, the company, and the public. Domestic and foreign battery recovery technology is compared to battery recovery technology, foreign ToxCo, Aeatechnology, Inmetco, Snam, Toshiba Terume, Sumitomo Metal Mining Company can recover lithium-ion batteries, of which ToxCo can handle different models, different Chemical properties of lithium-ion batteries; domestic starts late, current Greenmei, Bangu (acquired by Ningde Times) and the large-scale recycling battery of the three companies in Zhangzhou Hao Peng, accounting for 90%. In the recovery process, the ToxCo uses a wet process to first pulverize the cancer in -198 ¡ã C liquid nitrogen in the -198 ¡ã C.

Inmetco's high temperature treatment in the electric arc furnace, Germany is generally combined with fire and wet method. Process, the process flow of "pretreatment-vacuum heat treatment-mechanical treatment-crane-fire-wet method" is recovered in different processing stages; domestic Greenmei, Bangpu generally uses wet process, and fire process Combine. It is estimated that by 2020, the industry will achieve dismantling technology by artificial to automation, improve dismantling efficiency, and achieves more than 85% of copper aluminum sorting, nickel-wateng manganese recovery rate of more than 98%, and lithium resource recovery rate of more than 60%.

, And break through graphite recycling and resource utilization technology. The four companies listed in the table listed in the table did not involve a large-scale recovery LI, Li Recycling Research is in its infancy, lack of mechanism analysis, less industrial cases; Ni and CO recovery process acid base and reducing agent consumption; There is less research on material repair regeneration. The research and development of colleges and universities is supported by the recycling supply technology, and the academician of Yang Yusheng pointed out that safety is the primary issue of ladder use: 1) To consider the ladder using problems in the battery pack design - production phase, use large data to establish a traceable management The system, indicating that the electrode material is easy to classify; High-sized use, but no profit when regenerating.

In the technical recycling technology of Positive Code Materials, Professor Wang Dabui, Lanzhou University, improved traditional wet metallurgy, using "low temperature roasted - water dissolved - re-manufacturing" short process technology to simplify the wet process route, reducing energy consumption, sulfuric acid Reduced dosage, no longer use H2O2, reducing acid pollution, saving cost> 5000 yuan / ton. The lithium element in the positive electrode material is generally recovered in the first step alkaline environment, the solution component is complex, and the replacement is difficult, so the recovery efficiency of lithium is often lower than nickel-cobalt manganese, the Sun Wei researcher of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is reduced by organic carbon. The agent, selectively destroy the positive electrode waste crystal structure, promoting lithium elements to open, achieve selective extraction, extraction rate of lithium, extraction rate> 95%.

The electrolyte is less in the battery, but the environment is the largest, and the Harbin-owned Dai Changsong professor pointed out that there is an organic solvent PC and DEC evaporation during the electrolyte, and HF, organophosphate (OPS), alkyl group The problem of toxic and harmful compounds such as fluoroplastics, Dai Professor, compared the advantages and disadvantages of vacuum thermal solution, organic solvent extraction method, supercritical CO2 extraction method, using supercritical CO2 extract, add methanol, ethanol, etc. in the system, etc. "Can significantly increase the extraction efficiency of polar solute.

In the recovery process, the domestic universal use of dry and wet method, and the teacher of Northern University of Technology introduced semi-active dismantling recovery process, through "dismantling-roasting-crushing-vibrating screen (positive and negative)" to achieve material recycling, In the process, the acidic leaching "mixed-precipitate" method was obtained from FE, MN, Cu metal, and the electrodeposition method and adsorption method were used to achieve Ni, Li recovery, CO recovery first with oxalic acid, and then the structural repair can obtain performance to be comparable. The regeneration product of the mineral product; the leaching rate of nickel-manganese and other valvue planted by the Triemang, the leaching rate of nickel-cobalt manganese, etc. Positive material.

The company has explored the recycling technology, and the industrial development paving in the battery ladder is used in the battery ladder, some companies aimed at intelligent development directions, improve efficiency, reduce costs and ensure safety through intelligentization. Zhongtianhong lithium in the main lithium-ion battery step is used in rent a sales model. The value of the tradder of the waste lithium-ion battery accounted for 70%, and the value of renewable use is 30%, and the value of regeneration is concentrated in ternary batteries, phosphoric acid Lithium-ion battery regeneration is low; the degree of dismantling of dynamic lithium ion battery is difficult to correspond to components, materials, welding processes, electrical cell types, hydraulic art, module series, chassis structures, etc.

, structures, composition, process The more complex, the greater the difficulty of dismantling, the larger the damage of the battery; Zhongtianhong lithium uses the automated disassembly line to achieve dismantling intelligence, improved dismantling efficiency. Shenzhen Thai also established intelligent dismantling lines, achieving 50,000 scrapped new energy vehicles, 30,000 tons of retired batteries, and railing production of 20,000-tank storage products, separating 15,000 tons of scrap batteries. Shenzhen Xiongao introduces big data technology, in product, cost, industrial chain, potential market.

my country's lack of cobalt resources, important imports from Congo, etc. Specialization, automation to the intelligent direction, established a smart factory. The traditional wet process has low recovery rate (three yuan <50%, iron lithium <30%), environmental pollution (incineration or buried, acid-base dip), can not pass the first, second-line city environmental assessment, long distance transportation cost, phosphoric acid Lithium lithium, lithium manganate is not high, economic efficiency is different, etc.

In order to solve the drawbacks of traditional wet processes, Beijing Saidmy adopts precision dismantling + material repair technology, not only recovering the ternary battery, but also dealing with lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, lithium titanate, etc., recycling has good Economic; Saidmy's recycling technology realizes full enclosure, automatic, pure physiological dismantling, no harmful gases, achieving full component recovery of lithium electric materials; can be used to build a factory, reduce processing costs Environmental cost. In addition, some companies have considered their own actual considerations, and propose the health index assessment of retired battery screening tests, in the design and production, disassembly, packaging transportation, storage, residual detection, dismantling, step utilization, and regeneration of lithium-ion batteries.

Develop corresponding standard systems, clarify battery production companies, automobile production companies, scrapped car recycling dismantling companies, ladder utilization and regeneration utilization companies. The industry policy is gradually improved. For recycling, it is the following questions: 1) There is the following questions: 1) Special laws and regulations lack of power storage battery recycling system; 2) The waste power storage battery recycling system is not effectively established; 3) Policy standards need to be further improved ; 4) Small support for power storage battery recycling technology and equipment research; 5) Scrapped Automobile Recycling Decoration Company urgently to be upgraded; 6) lack of guidance and norms to step utilization industries.

The cost of recycling, packaging, warehousing, environmental, dismantling, testing, and after-sales cost should follow the national battery packaging transportation regulations and standard requirements, and smelting should follow national regenerative metal standards and non-ferrous metals. Request for the safety production standards of smelting company, dismantling to ensure environmentally friendship and security. At the power-based lithium-ion battery recycling policy, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced the "Interim Provisions on the Management of New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling and Utilization", stipulates that information on the production, sales, use, scrap, recycling, utilization of power storage batteries Acquisition, implementation of monitoring of the subject of the sub-subjects.

Battery production and ladder use the company shall, in accordance with the "Notice on Open Automobile Power Battery Coding Record System" (Middle Machine Letter [2018] No. 73), manufacturers code application and coding rules for filing, the power storage battery or ladder produced by the company Battery products Code identification. The above has summarized the problem and solving problems in the dynamic lithium-ion battery recovery and circular utilization, the core issues of steps or regeneration use is technology, environmental protection and cost issues.

To seize the market, the foothold is still in the core technology, standard, Breakthroughs in key issues such as policies, see, government, upstream companies, industry associations, cooperate, in-depth layout of this industry. In order to solve these problems, we must continue to study in-depth research in the indus.