Nzira yekuwana sei "direct materialization" kushandiswa? Kuteerera kune nyanzvi

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Портативті электр станциясының жеткізушісі

Kutanga tarisa iyo data, neiyo data ona kudiwa kwemusika uye tekinoroji zvinodiwa: 1) Zvinoenderana nenyika yangu Automotive Indasitiri Association, 2017 nyowani simba rekugadzira mota kugadzirwa uye kutengesa kwakasvika 7.94 miriyoni, 7.77 miriyoni, kumusoro 53.

8%, 53.3%, zvichiteerana, New energy mota dzinoita 2.7% yezvose zvinotengeswa.

2) Kubva pakupera kwa2017, yakasimudzira anopfuura mamirioni 1.8 emagetsi emagetsi matsva, uye bhatiri rekuchengetedza simba rinenge 86.9GWH.

Sekureva kweBazi reIndasitiri uye Ruzivo rweTekinoroji, zvinotarisirwa kuti kutengeswa kwemotokari nyowani dzemagetsi kwakasvika mamirioni maviri, uye mota dzemagetsi dzakachena dzinoita 56%. 3) Sekureva kwesimba idzva remutyairi mota simba lithium-ion bhatiri hupenyu makore 5-6, mota dzekutengesa makore 2-3, zvinotarisirwa kuti simba renyika yangu lithium-ion bhatiri recycling ingangoita 10.7 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2020, kusanganisira anenge 64 100 miriyoni yuan, kushandiswa patsva kweanosvika mana.

3 bhiriyoni yuan. Aya mapoinzi matatu ari pamusoro aona musika wakakura wekudzokorodza uye kudzokorodza mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, asi tekinoroji nhanho zvakare inoisa mberi budiriro, "kusimudzira kuvandudzwa kweiyo mota simba lithium-ion bhatiri indasitiri yekuvandudza maitiro nzira", kusvika 2020, itsva lithium Iyo ion-powered lithium-ion bhatiri monomer inodarika 300Wh / kg. Iyo sisitimu inodarika 260Wh / kg pane simba.

Mutengo wacho wakaderedzwa kusvika 1 yuan / WH, uye nharaunda -30 ¡ã C kusvika 55 ¡ã C inoshandiswa kusvika 2025, monomer inowedzera simba. 500WH / kg. Kuburikidza nedata riri pamusoro, isu tinogona zvakare kuona kuvandudzwa kwemotokari nyowani dzesimba kutyaira kusimudzira kwese lithium-ion simba lithium-ion bhatiri, iyo inounzawo kudiwa kwemusika kwekushandiswa kweiyo dynamic lithium-ion bhatiri.

Zhao Jindi, sachigaro weBattery Industry Association yenyika yangu, akataura kuti kune ikozvino mukupisa kwekudyara, matekinoroji akakosha haana hunyanzvi hwakazvimirira, kukurumidza kusimudzira mota nyowani dzesimba, indasitiri yekusimudzira kusagadzikana, manera ekushandisa kushaikwa, kusimuka kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira zvinosimuka. Mudzidzi weYang Yusheng akanyatso kupfupikisa mamwe matambudziko achagadziriswa, uye akadana hurumende kuti itungamirire, nyanzvi uye kumwe kurongeka kwemapato mazhinji, simba relithium-ion mabhatiri ari kutarisana iye zvino: 1) Vatsigiri vakawandisa kuti vakonzerese makambani emotokari yemagetsi kunyengedza Supplement, kuvandudza chikumbaridzo cherubatsiro, bhatiri rinotungamira, bhatiri rinotungamira uye ketani yebhatiri. 2) Kuwedzera kugadzirwa, kunotungamira kumutengo welithium-ion bhatiri, yakaderera purofiti, yekugadzira Nguva; 3) Cobalt, nickel zviwanikwa, mutengo uri pasi pevanhu, zvakaoma kutsigira zviuru zvemagetsi emagetsi kugadzirwa zvinodiwa; 4) Subsidies uye mileage hooks, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kudarika simba kupfuura simba, matatu-yuan bhatiri rinosanganisira 333/523 kusvika 622/811, nickel Zvinyorwa zvemukati zvakaderedzwa nekurasikirwa kwekupisa, kuchengetedzwa kunoderedzwa; 5) Huremu hwemotokari, iyo air conditioner simba rekushandisa, kupfupisa mileage yekutyaira, kubhadharisa murwi muripo, hupenyu hwebhatiri hupfupi, bhatiri rechipiri rinofanira kutengwa; 6) rubatsiro rwakamira Mushure mezvo, zvakaoma kutengesa zvakakwirira. Matambudziko aya anoratidza matambudziko ekusimukira kweindasitiri.

Sekutaura kwakaita nyanzvi yezvidzidzo zveYang kuti matambudziko aya haasi esimba rimwe chete, vanoda hurumende, kambani neveruzhinji. Tekinoroji yekudzosa bhatiri yemumba uye yekune dzimwe nyika inofananidzwa nehunyanzvi hwekudzoreredza bhatiri, kunze ToxCo, Aeatechnology, Inmetco, Snam, Toshiba Terume, Sumitomo Metal Mining Company inogona kudzoreredza mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, ayo ToxCo anogona kubata mhando dzakasiyana, dzakasiyana Chemical properties ye lithium-ion mabhatiri; mudzimba unotanga kunonoka, Greenmei yazvino, Bangu (yakawanikwa neNingde Times) uye bhatiri rakakura rekudzokorodza remakambani matatu muZhangzhou Hao Peng, anoverengera makumi mapfumbamwe muzana muzana. Mukuita kupora, iyo ToxCo inoshandisa nzira yekunyorova kutanga kupuruzira gomarara mu -198 ¡ã C mvura yenitrogen mu -198 ¡ã C.

Inmetco yakanyanya tembiricha kurapwa muchoto chemagetsi arc, Germany inowanzosanganiswa nemoto uye nzira yekunyorova. Maitiro, maitiro ekuyerera kwe "pretreatment-vacuum heat treatment-mechanical treatment-crane-fire-wet method" inodzorerwa mumatanho akasiyana ekugadzirisa; mudzimba Greenmei, Bangpu kazhinji inoshandisa kunyorova maitiro, uye moto maitiro Sanganisa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panosvika gore ra2020, indasitiri iyi ichakwanisa kuputsa tekinoroji nekugadzira otomatiki, kuvandudza kudonha, uye kuwana zvinopfuura makumi masere neshanu muzana zvemhangura yealuminium kurongedza, nickel-wateng manganese kudzoreredza mwero inopfuura 98%, uye lithium resource recovery rate inopfuura 60%.

, Uye kupaza kuburikidza nekudzokorodza kwegraphite uye tekinoroji yekushandisa zviwanikwa. Iwo makambani mana akanyorwa mutafura yakanyorwa mutafura haana kubatanidza hukuru hwekudzoreredza LI, Li Recycling Research iri muhucheche hwayo, kushayikwa kwemaitiro ekuongorora, mashoma maindasitiri emakesi; Ni uye CO kudzoreredza maitiro acid base uye kuderedza mumiriri kushandiswa; Pane tsvakurudzo shoma pamusoro pekugadzirisa zvinhu patsva. Tsvagiridzo uye kusimudzira kwemakoreji nemayunivhesiti kunotsigirwa neiyo recycling yekugovera tekinoroji, uye mudzidzi weYang Yusheng akataura kuti chengetedzo ndiyo yekutanga nyaya yekushandisa manera: 1) Kufunga nezve manera uchishandisa matambudziko mubhatiri pack dhizaini - chikamu chekugadzira, shandisa data hombe kumisikidza inoteedzera manejimendi Iyo sisitimu, ichiratidza kuti iyo electrode zvinhu zviri nyore kurongedza; Kushandiswa kwehukuru-hukuru, asi hapana purofiti kana uchigadzira patsva.

Mune tekinoroji yekudzokorodza tekinoroji yePositive Code Materials, Muzvinafundo Wang Dabui, Lanzhou University, akavandudza echinyakare simbi simbi, vachishandisa "yakaderera tembiricha yakagochwa - mvura yakanyungudika - kugadzirwazve" pfupi nzira tekinoroji kurerutsa nzira yekunyorova, kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba, sulfuric acid Yakaderedzwa dosage, isingachashandisi H200 pollution, kusashandisa H200 pollution / toni. Iyo lithium element mune yakanaka electrode zvinhu inowanzodzoserwa mudanho rekutanga alkaline nharaunda, chikamu chemhinduro chakaoma, uye kutsiva kwakaoma, saka kupora kwe lithium kunowanzo kuderera pane nickel-cobalt manganese, Sun Wei muongorori weChinese Academy of Sciences akaderedzwa ne organic carbon. Iyo mumiriri, inosarudza kuparadza iyo yakanaka electrode tsvina yekristaro chimiro, inosimudzira lithium zvinhu kuvhura, kuwana yakasarudzika kudhirowa, kudhirowa chiyero che lithium, kuburitsa chiyero> 95%.

Iyo electrolyte ishoma mubhatiri, asi nharaunda ndiyo yakakura, uye purofesa weHarbin-muridzi weDai Changsong akataura kuti kune organic solvent PC uye DEC evaporation panguva ye electrolyte, uye HF, organophosphate (OPS), alkyl boka Dambudziko rechepfu uye inokuvadza makomisheni akadai fluoroplastics, Dai Purofesa, akaenzanisa zvakanakira organic gadziriso yekuwedzera vacudvantage mhinduro. nzira, supercritical CO2 yekubvisa nzira, uchishandisa supercritical CO2 inobvisa, wedzera methanol, ethanol, nezvimwe. muhurongwa, nezvimwewo. "Inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kudhirowa kwepolar solute.

Mukugadzirisa, kushandiswa kwepasi rose kwekuoma uye kunyorova nzira, uye mudzidzisi weNorthern University of Technology akaunza semi-active dismantling recovery process, kuburikidza ne "dismantling-roasting-crushing-vibrating screen (yakanaka uye yakaipa)" kuti ibudirire kudzokororwa kwezvinhu, Mukuita, iyo acidic leaching "mixed-precipitate", nzira yeMN, simbi yeMN, uye nzira yeMNDE yakatorwa kubva kuCupFE. nzira yakashandiswa kuwana Ni, Li kupora, CO kupora kutanga ne oxalic acid, uyezve kugadzirisa kwemaitiro kunogona kuwana kuita kuti kuenzaniswe. The regeneration product of the mineral product; chiyero cheleaching chenickel-manganese uye mamwe mavharuvu akadyarwa neTrimang, chiyero cheleaching chenickel-cobalt manganese, nezvimwe. Positive material.

Iyo kambani yakaongorora tekinoroji yekudzokororazve tekinoroji, uye iyo indasitiri yekuvandudza yekumisikidza mune yebhatiri manera inoshandiswa mune yebhatiri manera, mamwe makambani akanangana nehungwaru nzira dzekusimudzira, kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, kuderedza mitengo uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kuburikidza nehungwaru. Zhongtiahong lithium mune huru lithium-ion bhatiri nhanho inoshandiswa mukurenda modhi yekutengesa. Kukosha kwemutengesi wemarara lithium-ion bateri yakaverengerwa 70%, uye kukosha kwekushandiswazve kushandiswa ndeye 30%, uye kukosha kwekuvandudzwa kunowanikwa mumabhatiri e-ternary, phosphoric acid Lithium-ion bhatiri regeneration yakaderera; dhigirii rekuputswa kweiyo dynamic lithium ion bhatiri yakaoma kuenderana nezvikamu, zvinhu, welding maitiro, emagetsi maseru marudzi, hydraulic art, module series, chassis zvimiro, nezvimwe.

, zvimiro, kuumbwa, maitiro Kunyanya kuoma, kunyanya kuoma kwekuputsa, kunowedzera kukanganisa kwebhatiri; Zhongtiahong lithium inoshandisa otomatiki disassembly mutsara kuwana huchenjeri hwekubvisa, kuvandudza kuputsa kugona. Shenzhen Thai yakagadzirawo mitsara yehungwaru yekudimura, kuwana zviuru makumi mashanu zvemotokari nyowani dzakaraswa, matani makumi matatu ezviuru zvemabhatiri akaregedzerwa, uye kugadzirwa kwekutuka kwe20,000-matangi ekuchengetera zvigadzirwa, kuparadzanisa 15,000 matani emabhatiri akaraswa. Shenzhen Xiongao inosvitsa yakakura data tekinoroji, mune chigadzirwa, mutengo, indasitiri ketani, inogona musika.

kushaikwa kwenyika yangu yecobalt zviwanikwa, zvakakosha zvekunze kubva kuCongo, nezvimwe. Specialization, otomatiki kune yakangwara gwara, yakagadzira yakangwara fekitori. Iyo yechinyakare yekunyorova maitiro ine yakaderera kudzoreredza mwero (matatu yuan <50%, iron lithium <30%), environmental pollution (incineration or buried, acid-base dip), can not pass the first, second-line city environmental assessment, long distance transportation cost, phosphoric acid Lithium lithium, lithium manganate is not high, economic efficiency is different, etc.

Kuti agadzirise zvipingamupinyi zvemaitiro echinyakare emvura, Beijing Saidmy anotora chaiyo yekubvisa + zvinhu zvekugadzirisa tekinoroji, kwete chete kudzoreredza ternary bhatiri, asiwo kubata ne lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, lithium titanate, nezvimwewo, kudzokorora kune Economic yakanaka; Saidmy&39;s recycling tekinoroji inoona yakavharika yakazara, otomatiki, yakachena physiological dismantling, hapana magasi anokuvadza, kuwana yakazara chikamu kudzoreredza kwe lithium electric materials; inogona kushandiswa kuvaka fekitori, kuderedza mari yekugadzirisa Environmental cost. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe makambani akafunga nezve iwo chaiwo mafungidziro, uye anokurudzira hutano index kuongororwa kweakasiya bhatiri kuongorora bvunzo, mukugadzira nekugadzira, disassembly, kurongedza kutakura, kuchengetedza, kusara kwekuona, kuputsa, nhanho kushandiswa, uye kuvandudzwa kwe lithium-ion mabhatiri.

Gadzira masisitimu anoenderana, kujekesa makambani ekugadzira mabhatiri, makambani ekugadzira mota, dzakaraswa dzemotokari makambani anoputsa, mashandisirwo emanera uye makambani ekushandisa patsva. Iyo indasitiri mutemo inovandudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Pakudzokorodza, imibvunzo inotevera: 1) Pane mibvunzo inotevera: 1) Mitemo yakakosha nemirau kushaikwa kwesimba rekuchengetedza bhatiri system recycling; 2) Iyo tsvina yesimba rekuchengetedza bhatiri recycling system haina kunyatso kusimbiswa; 3) Mitemo yemitemo inoda kuvandudzwa; 4) Rutsigiro rudiki rwekuchengetedza simba bhatiri recycling tekinoroji uye tsvakiridzo yemidziyo; 5) Yakaraswa Motokari Inodzokorora Kushongedza Kambani nekukurumidza kuti ikwidziridzwe; 6) kushaikwa kwekutungamira uye zvimiro zvekutsika maindasitiri ekushandisa.

Mutengo wekudzokorodza, kurongedza, kuchengetera, kwezvakatipoteredza, kuputsa, kuyedzwa, uye mushure-yekutengesa mutengo unofanirwa kutevedzera yenyika bhatiri yekurongedza mirau yekufambisa uye zvakajairwa zvinodiwa, uye kunyungudutsa kunofanirwa kutevedzera nyika inovandudza simbi zviyero uye isiri-ferrous simbi. Chikumbiro chemaitiro ekuchengetedza ekugadzirwa kwekambani yekunyungudutsa, kuputsa kuti ive nechokwadi chekushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedzeka. Pasimba-based lithium-ion bhatiri recycling policy, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology yakazivisa "Interm Provisions on the Management of New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling and Utilization", inotaura kuti ruzivo pamusoro pekugadzirwa, kutengesa, kushandiswa, zvimedu, kudzokorodza, kushandiswa kwemabhatiri ekuchengetedza magetsi.

Kugadzirwa kwebhatiri uye manera kunoshandisa kambani, zvinoenderana ne "Chiziviso pane Yakavhurika Motokari Power Battery Coding Record System" (Middle Machine Tsamba [2018] Nha. 73), vagadziri kodhi yekushandisa uye kodhi yemitemo yekuisa, bhatiri rekuchengetedza simba kana manera anogadzirwa nekambani Battery products Code identification. Izvo zviri pamusoro zvakapfupisa dambudziko uye kugadzirisa matambudziko musimba re lithium-ion bhatiri kudzoreredza uye kushandiswa kwedenderedzwa, nyaya dzepakati dzematanho kana kushandiswa patsva ndeye tekinoroji, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye mutengo nyaya.

Kuti ubate musika, kutsika kuchiri mune yakakosha tekinoroji, yakajairwa, Kubudirira muzvinhu zvakakosha senge marongero, ona, hurumende, makambani ekumusoro, masangano eindasitiri, batirana, yakadzama marongero eindastiri iyi. Kuti tigadzirise matambudziko aya, tinofanira kuramba tichidzidza zvakadzama tsvakurudzo muindus.