Indlela yokuphumeza "ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ngokuthe ngqo"? Indlela yokuphulaphula iingcali

著者：Iflowpower – Lieferant von tragbaren Kraftwerken

Okokuqala jonga idatha, ngedatha jonga imfuno yemarike kunye neemfuno zophuhliso lwethekhnoloji: 1) Ngokutsho kwelizwe lam I-Automotive Industry Association, i-2017 imveliso yemoto entsha yamandla kunye nokuthengisa ifikelele kwi-7.94 yezigidi, i-7.77 yezigidi, i-53.

I-8%, i-53.3%, ngokulandelanayo, izithuthi zamandla amatsha zithatha i-2.7% yazo zonke iintengiso.

I-2) Ekupheleni kwe-2017, ikhuthaze ngaphezu kwe-1.8 yezigidi zezithuthi zamandla amatsha, kwaye ibhetri yokugcina amandla imalunga ne-86.9GWH.

Ngokutsho koMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi, kulindeleke ukuba ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kufikelele kwi-2 yezigidi, kwaye izithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo zithatha i-56%. 3) Ngokutsho amandla entsha umkhweli imoto amandla lithium-ion ubomi bebhetri iminyaka 5-6, izithuthi zorhwebo iminyaka emi-2-3, kulindeleke ukuba ilizwe lam amandla lithium-ion ibhetri recycling malunga 10.7 billion yuan ngo-2020, kuquka malunga 64 100 million yuan, ukusetyenziswa ngokutsha malunga 4.

3 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan. La manqaku mathathu angasentla abone imarike enkulu yokuphinda isetyenziswe kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezinamandla, kodwa inqanaba lobugcisa likwabeka phambili uphuhliso, "ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwendlela yophuhliso lwe-automobile power lithium-ion ibhetri ye-lithium-ion", ukuya ku-2020, i-lithium entsha. Inkqubo ingaphezulu kwe-260Wh / kg kunamandla.

Iindleko ziyancipha ukuya kwi-1 yuan / WH, kunye nokusingqongileyo -30 ¡ã C ukuya kwi-55 ¡ã C isetyenziselwa i-2025, i-monomer inamandla amaninzi. 500WH / kg. Ngokusebenzisa le datha ingentla, sinokubona uphuhliso lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha ukuqhuba uphuhliso lwebhetri ye-lithium-ion yonke yamandla e-lithium-ion, ekwazisa imfuno yemarike yokusetyenziswa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion.

Zhao Jindi, usihlalo welizwe lam iBattery Industry Association, wathi kukho ngoku kwi-investment overheating, itekhnoloji engundoqo ayinayo into entsha ezimeleyo, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, uphuhliso lwe-industrial chain, ukhuseleko lokusetyenziswa kweleli, ukungabikho kokhuseleko lokusetyenziswa kweleli, ukunyuka kwempahla ekrwada kunyuka Uthotho lwemiba yokwenyani efana neenzuzo zeendleko. I-Academician yaseYang Yusheng ishwankathele ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi ezinye iingxaki eziza kusonjululwa, kwaye yacela urhulumente ukuba akhokele, iingcali kunye nolungelelwaniso lwamaqela amaninzi, iibhetri zamandla e-lithium-ion okwangoku zijongene: 1) Abaxhasi baphezulu kakhulu ukuba babangele iinkampani zeemoto zombane ukuba zilahlekise i-Supplement, ukuphucula umda wenkxaso-mali, i-battery yezinto eziphathekayo, i-chain ye-battery yintambo kunye nekhonkco ye-gover. 2) Ukuveliswa okugqithisileyo, okukhokelela kwixabiso lebhetri ye-lithium-ion, inzuzo ephantsi, ixesha lokuvelisa; 3) I-Cobalt, izixhobo ze-nickel, ixabiso lixhomekeke kubantu, kunzima ukuxhasa amawaka eemfuno zokuvelisa izithuthi zombane; I-4) Inkxaso-mali kunye neekhonkco ze-mileage, okwenza kubaluleke ngaphezu kwamandla, ibhetri ye-yuan emithathu equkethe i-333/523 ukuya kwi-622/811, i-nickel Umxholo womxholo uyancipha ukulahlekelwa ngubushushu, ukhuseleko luyancipha; 5) Ubunzima besithuthi, i-air conditioner yokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukunciphisa i-mileage yokuqhuba, ukubiza imali yemfumba, ubomi bebhetri bufutshane, ibhetri yesibini kufuneka ithengwe; 6) izibonelelo ziye zayeka Emva koko, kunzima ukuthengisa phezulu. Ezi ngxaki zibonisa imingeni yophuhliso lweshishini.

Njengoko uYang&39;s academician esithi ezi ngxaki asiyonto yamandla omnye, zifuna urhulumente, inkampani kunye noluntu. Iteknoloji yokubuyisela ibhetri yasekhaya neyangaphandle ithelekiswa neteknoloji yokubuyisela ibhetri, i-ToxCo yangaphandle, i-Aeatechnology, i-Inmetco, i-Snam, i-Toshiba Terume, i-Sumitomo Metal Mining Company inokubuyisela iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, apho i-ToxCo inokusingatha iimodeli ezahlukeneyo, iipropati ezahlukeneyo zeMichiza yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion; yasekhaya iqala emva kwexesha, iGreenmei yangoku, iBangu (efunyenwe yiNingde Times) kunye nebhetri enkulu yokurisayikilisha yeenkampani ezintathu zaseZhangzhou Hao Peng, ezibalelwa kwi-90%. Kwinkqubo yokubuyisela, i-ToxCo isebenzisa inkqubo emanzi ukuqala ukucoca umhlaza kwi-198 ¡ã C ye-nitrogen engamanzi kwi- -198 ¡ã C.

I-Inmetco yonyango oluphezulu lweqondo lokushisa kwisithando sombane se-arc, iJamani ngokubanzi idibene nomlilo kunye nendlela emanzi. Inkqubo, ukuhamba kwenkqubo ye "pretreatment-vacuum heat treatment-mechanical treatment-crane-fire-wet method" ifunyenwe kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa; yasekhaya Greenmei, Bangpu ngokubanzi isebenzisa inkqubo emanzi, kunye nenkqubo umlilo Dibanisa. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2020, ishishini liya kufezekisa ukuchithwa kwetekhnoloji ngokwenziwa kwi-automation, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokufezekisa ngaphezulu kwe-85% ye-aluminium yobhedu yokuhlela, i-nickel-wateng ireyithi yokubuyisela i-manganese engaphezulu kwe-98%, kunye nezinga lokubuyiswa kwe-lithium engaphezulu kwe-60%.

, Kwaye waphule ngokusebenzisa igraphite kwakhona kunye nokusetyenziswa kweteknoloji. Iinkampani ezine ezidweliswe kwitheyibhile ezidweliswe kwitheyibhile azizange zibandakanye i-LI yokubuyisela i-LI, i-Li Recycling Research isebuncinaneni bayo, ukungabikho kohlalutyo lomatshini, iimeko ezincinci zoshishino; I-Ni kunye ne-CO yokubuyisela inkqubo ye-asidi kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-arhente; Kukho uphando oluncinci malunga nokuvuselelwa kwezinto eziphathekayo. Uphando kunye nophuhliso lweekholeji kunye neeyunivesithi zixhaswa yi-teknoloji yokubonelela ngokutsha, kwaye i-academician yaseYang Yusheng yabonisa ukuba ukhuseleko ngumba ophambili wokusetyenziswa kweleli: 1) Ukuqwalasela ileli usebenzisa iingxaki kwi-design pack yebhetri - isigaba sokuvelisa, sebenzisa idatha enkulu ukuseka ulawulo olulandelekayo Inkqubo, ebonisa ukuba izinto ze-electrode zilula ukuhlula; Ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu, kodwa akukho nzuzo xa uhlaziywa.

Kubuchwephesha bokurisayikilisha lobuchwephesha be-Positive Code Materials, uNjingalwazi Wang Dabui, iYunivesithi yaseLanzhou, uphuculo lwesinyithi olumanzi lwemveli, usebenzisa "ubushushu obuphantsi obugcadiweyo - amanzi anyibilikisiweyo - aphinde avelise kwakhona" inkqubo yobugcisa obufutshane ukwenza lula inkqubo yenkqubo emanzi, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, i-sulfuric acid Ukunciphisa idosi, ayisayi kusebenzisa i-asidi ye-50 pollution, i-asidi yokunciphisa i-50 pollution / iitoni. I-lithium element kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode zifunyanwa ngokubanzi kwinqanaba lokuqala le-alkaline, icandelo lesisombululo liyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ukutshintshwa kunzima, ngoko ukubuyisela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-lithium kuhlala kuphantsi kune-nickel-cobalt manganese, umphandi we-Sun Wei we-Chinese Academy of Sciences uyancitshiswa yi-carbon carbon. I-arhente, ngokukhetha ukutshabalalisa i-electrode inkunkuma ye-crystal structure, ukukhuthaza izinto ze-lithium ukuvula, ukufezekisa ukukhutshwa okukhethiweyo, izinga lokutsalwa kwe-lithium, izinga lokukhutshwa> 95%.

I-electrolyte incinci kwibhetri, kodwa indalo yeyona nto inkulu, kwaye uprofesa we-Dai Changsong ongu-Harbin wabonisa ukuba kukho i-PC ye-solvent ye-organic kunye ne-DEC evaporation ngexesha le-electrolyte, kunye ne-HF, i-organophosphate (OPS), iqela le-alkyl Ingxaki yeekhompawundi ezinobuthi kunye neziyingozi ezifana ne-fluoroplastics, uProfesa weDai, uthelekise inzuzo kunye ne-vacudvantage yesisombululo se-vacudvantage eyongezelelweyo. indlela, i-supercritical CO2 extraction method, usebenzisa i-supercritical CO2 extract, yongeza i-methanol, i-ethanol, njl. kwinkqubo, njl. "Inokunyusa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-polar solute.

Kwinkqubo yokubuyisela, ukusetyenziswa kwasekhaya jikelele ngendlela eyomileyo nemanzi, kunye notitshala weYunivesithi yaseNyakatho yeThekhnoloji yazisa inkqubo yokubuyisela ukuchithwa kwe-semi-active, ngokusebenzisa "isikrini sokuqhaqha-esityumzayo-esityumzayo (esilungileyo nesibi)" ukuphumeza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto, Kule nkqubo, i-acidic leaching "i-mixed-precipitate, i-precipitate", indlela ye-MNdeposition yafunyanwa kwi-cupFE, kunye ne-MNdeposition. indlela yayisetyenziselwa ukufezekisa i-Ni, i-Li recovery, i-CO yokubuyisela kuqala nge-oxalic acid, kwaye emva koko ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo kunokufumana ukusebenza ukuze kuthelekiswe. Imveliso yokuhlaziywa kwemveliso yamaminerali; izinga lokuvuza kwe-nickel-manganese kunye nezinye iivalvu ezityalwe yi-Trimang, izinga lokuvuza kwe-nickel-cobalt manganese, njl. Izinto ezilungileyo.

Inkampani iye yaphonononga itekhnoloji yokuphinda isetyenziswe, kwaye uphuhliso lweshishini lokupakisha kwileli yebhetri lusetyenziswa kwileli yebhetri, ezinye iinkampani ezijolise kulwalathiso lophuhliso olukrelekrele, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngokusebenzisa ubukrelekrele. I-Zhongtiahong ye-lithium kwinqanaba lebhetri ye-lithium-ion isetyenziselwa ukurenta imodeli yokuthengisa. Ixabiso lomthengisi wenkunkuma ye-lithium-ion ibhetri ibalwa kwi-70%, kwaye ixabiso lokusetyenziswa ngokutsha liyi-30%, kwaye ixabiso lokuhlaziya ligxininiswe kwiibhetri ze-ternary, i-phosphoric acid Ukuvuselelwa kwebhetri ye-Lithium-ion iphantsi; iqondo lokuchithwa kwebhetri ye-lithium ion eguquguqukayo kunzima ukuhambelana namacandelo, izixhobo, iinkqubo ze-welding, iintlobo zeeseli zombane, ubugcisa be-hydraulic, uchungechunge lweemodyuli, izakhiwo ze-chassis, njl.

, izakhiwo, ukubunjwa, inkqubo Ubunzima ngakumbi, ubunzima obukhulu bokuqhaqha, umonakalo omkhulu webhetri; I-Zhongtiahong ye-lithium isebenzisa umgca wokuqhawula ozenzekelayo ukufikelela kubukrelekrele bokuqhawula, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. I-Shenzhen Thai iphinde yaseka imigca ehlakaniphile yokuqhawula, ukuphumeza i-50,000 yeenqwelo ezintsha zamandla ezilahliweyo, iitoni ze-30,000 zeebhetri ezidla umhlalaphantsi, kunye nokuveliswa kweemveliso zokugcinwa kweetanki ezingama-20,000, ezahlula iitoni ezili-15,000 zeebhetri ezilahliweyo. I-Shenzhen Xiongao yazisa itekhnoloji yedatha enkulu, kwimveliso, ixabiso, ikhonkco leshishini, imarike enokubakho.

ukungabikho kwelizwe lam lobutyebi be-cobalt, ukuthengiswa okubalulekileyo okuvela eCongo, njl. Ubungcali, i-automation ukuya kwicala elikrelekrele, yaseka umzi-mveliso okrelekrele. Inkqubo emanzi yemveli inezinga eliphantsi lokubuyisela (iiyuan ezintathu <50%, iron lithium <30%), environmental pollution (incineration or buried, acid-base dip), can not pass the first, second-line city environmental assessment, long distance transportation cost, phosphoric acid Lithium lithium, lithium manganate is not high, economic efficiency is different, etc.

Ukuze kulungiswe iingxaki zeenkqubo ezimanzi zemveli, iBeijing Saidmy ithatha ukuchaneka kokuchithwa + iteknoloji yokulungisa izinto, kungekhona nje ukubuyisela ibhetri ye-ternary, kodwa ijongene ne-lithium iron phosphate, i-lithium manganate, i-lithium titanate, njl., ukubuyiswa kwakhona kunoQoqosho oluhle; Itekhnoloji ye-Saidmy yokuphinda isetyenziswe ibona i-enclosure epheleleyo, i-automatic, i-physiological dismantling ecocekileyo, akukho gesi ezinobungozi, ukufezekisa ukubuyiswa kwecandelo elipheleleyo lezinto zombane ze-lithium; ingasetyenziselwa ukwakha umzi-mveliso, ukunciphisa iindleko zokusetyenzwa kweendleko zokusingqongileyo. Ukongezelela, ezinye iinkampani ziye zaqwalasela iingqwalasela zazo zangempela, kwaye ziphakamisa ukuhlolwa kwesalathisi sezempilo kwiimvavanyo zokuhlola ibhetri ehlala umhlalaphantsi, ekuyilweni nasekuveliseni, ukuchithwa, ukupakisha ukuthuthwa, ukugcinwa, ukufumanisa okushiyekileyo, ukuchithwa, ukusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo, kunye nokuhlaziywa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion.

Ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezihambelanayo ezisemgangathweni, ukucacisa iinkampani zokuvelisa iibhetri, iinkampani zokuvelisa iimoto, iinkampani ezichithayo zokudiliza iimoto, ukusetyenziswa kweeleli kunye neenkampani eziphinda zisetyenziswe. Umgaqo-nkqubo weshishini uphuculwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukurisayikilishwa, yile mibuzo ilandelayo: 1) Kukho le mibuzo ilandelayo: 1) Imithetho eyodwa kunye nemimiselo yokungabikho kwenkqubo yokugcinwa kwebhetri yombane; 2) Inkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe ibhetri yokugcina amandla enkunkuma ayisekwanga kakuhle; 3) Imigangatho yomgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka iphuculwe ngakumbi; I-4) Inkxaso encinci yokugcina amandla iteknoloji yokubuyisela ibhetri kunye nophando lwezixhobo; 5) INkampani yokuResayikilishwa kweeMoto ezilahliweyo kufuneka iphuculwe ngokukhawuleza; 6) ukunqongophala kwesikhokhelo kunye nemimiselo kumashishini okusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo.

Iindleko zokurisayikilisha, ukupakishwa, ukugcinwa kwezinto, okusingqongileyo, ukudilizwa, ukuvavanywa, kunye neendleko zasemva kokuthengisa kufuneka zilandele imimiselo yothutho yokupakishwa kwebhetri yesizwe kunye neemfuno ezisemgangathweni, kwaye ukunyibilikiswa kufuneka kulandele imigangatho yesizwe ehlaziyiweyo yesinyithi kunye neentsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous. Isicelo semigangatho yemveliso yokhuseleko yenkampani yokunyibilikisa, ukudilizwa ukuqinisekisa ubuhlobo bokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko. Kumgaqo-nkqubo webhetri ye-lithium-ion esekwe ngamandla, uMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi ubhengeze "iMiqathango yeThutyana kuLawulo lwaMandla oMbane oMtsha weBattery yeMoto kunye nokuSetyenziswa", ichaza ukuba ulwazi malunga nemveliso, ukuthengisa, ukusetyenziswa, ukulahlwa, ukuhlaziya, ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri zokugcina amandla Ukufumana, ukuphunyezwa kokubeka iliso kwisihloko somxholo.

Imveliso yebhetri kunye neleli isebenzise inkampani iya kuthi, ngokuhambelana ne "Isaziso kwi-Open Automobile Power Power Coding Record System" (Ileta yoMatshini ePhakathi [2018] No. 73), isicelo sekhowudi yabavelisi kunye nemithetho yekhowudi yokufakela, ibhetri yokugcina amandla okanye ileli eveliswe yinkampani Iimveliso zeBattery Ikhowudi yokuchongwa. Oku ngasentla kushwankathele ingxaki kunye nokusombulula iingxaki kwi-lithium-ion yebhetri eguquguqukayo yokubuyisela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesetyhula, imiba ephambili yamanyathelo okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokutsha kweteknoloji, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nemiba yeendleko.

Ukubamba imarike, i-foothold isekho kwi-teknoloji engundoqo, umgangatho, Ukuphumelela kwimiba ephambili efana nemigaqo-nkqubo, yabona, urhulumente, iinkampani ezinyukayo, imibutho yoshishino, intsebenziswano, ubunzulu obunzulu beli shishini. Ukuze sisombulule ezi ngxaki, kufuneka siqhubeke sifunda uphando olunzulu kwi-indus.