Amandla okunyamezela ebusika i-lithium ion ibhetri yobushushu obuphantsi kunye nolawulo lobushushu obunamandla bukhulu

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - 휴대용 전원소 공급업체

Isigidi seemoto ezintsha zamkela uvavanyo lobomi basebusika, uvavanyo lwendlela yasebusika yi-24%. Kwi-2018, ilizwe ligqibe amandla amatsha okuthengiswa kweemoto zomkhweli we-108,000, ukuya kwi-89% ngonyaka; ukuthengiswa kweeyunithi ze-143,000 zagqitywa ngoJanuwari-Februwari, ukunyuka kwe-134% unyaka nonyaka; kodwa iimvavanyo zendlela yasebusika zibonise ukuba inani leyunifomu kunye nokuqhubeka nokuhamba kweemodeli ze-8 kwakuyi-24. I-%, i-Lithium cobalt organte equkethe i-lithium, i-lithium-dimensional ye-lithium kunye ne-lithium ye-iron phosphate ayinayo i-advanteji echasene nobushushu obuphantsi, ubushushu obuphantsi kunye nolawulo lobushushu luya kuba lukhulu kwixesha elizayo lemarike.

Ulawulo lobushushu obuphezulu buncanyathiselwe, ubushushu obuphantsi kunye neendlela zobuchwepheshe bolawulo lobushushu ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yeziganeko zokutsha zebhetri ezingama-40 zasehlotyeni, abaninzi abavelisi baye baqala ukunikela ingqalelo kubushushu obuphezulu kunye nolawulo lobushushu, kunye nolawulo lobushushu obuphantsi lisalinde ukuphuhliswa, kuphela abavelisi abambalwa baxhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokufudumeza zombane zebhetri; ubomi basebusika ngamava omgibeli Kwisalathisi esingundoqo, ukusebenza kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kwebhetri kukukhuphisana okuphambili kwabavelisi beebhetri. Njalo ebusika, ubomi obuphantsi buya kubangela ukuba abavelisi bakhawuleze ukungena kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kunye nokulawula ukushisa, kwaye amandla emarike makhulu kwixesha elizayo.

Ubushushu obuphantsi, i-electrochemical reaction ayisebenzi ngumthombo oqinileyo webhetri yokunciphisa umbane wasebusika. Xa ubushushu be-ambient busezantsi kakhulu, i-viscosity ye-electrolyte iye yaqina kancinci, ukuze i-lithium ion deinterlamps ivalwe, i-conductivity ithotywe, kwaye umthamo uyancitshiswa. Sebenzisa ibhetri ye-lithium ion usebenzisa ibhetri ye-lithium ion, elula ukubangela umonakalo ongenakukwazi ukuguqulwa kwibhetri, kwaye wenze iingozi ezinokubakho.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-NCA, i-lithium ye-iron phosphate, i-China ifuna uphuhliso lwebhetri olufunwayo lwe-NCM811 ukusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi nokomelela, i-nickel ephezulu inceda ukucotha amandla aphantsi ebusika. R <000000> D ibhetri yobushushu obuphantsi yeyona ndlela isisiseko yokuhla ebusika, ulawulo oluphezulu lwe-thermal yeyona ndlela ikhoyo yokulawula ubomi basebusika. Okwangoku, kukho ukuguqulwa kwe-electrolyte kunye nebhetri yemozulu yonke kwibhetri ephantsi yobushushu.

I-electrolyte edibeneyo inokudityaniswa neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezibonelelo ze-electrolyte ukuqinisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, kunye neteknoloji yebhetri yemozulu yonke ibonwa yi-BMW ukukhokela imarike. Ukungena kwetekhnoloji yolawulo lokupholisa ulwelo lwangoku kuthelekiswa nophuculo olukhulu kunyaka ophelileyo, kunokwenza ubushushu obuphantsi kunye nolawulo lobushushu ngokupholisa umva, kwaye kukho imifuziselo emininzi emarikeni ukuphumeza umsebenzi wokufudumeza ubushushu obuphantsi. Okokuqala, kungakanani ukunyamezela kwemoto yombane ebusika kuncitshiswa? -24% imoto entsha yemoto yamkele uvavanyo lobomi basebusika, ubushushu obuphantsi kunye nolawulo lobushushu bunokuba.

Kwi-2018, bekukho iiyunithi ze-1008,000 kunyaka wonke wezithuthi zabagibeli zamandla amatsha, ukuya kwi-89% ngonyaka; Iintengiso ze-143,000 zagqitywa ngoJanuwari-Februwari, i-134% ngonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, imoto entsha yamandla ebusika, ngokukodwa kwimvula ephezulu, ubomi bokwenene bemoto yombane, esele inqabile, ebangele impembelelo enkulu kumsebenzisi. Thatha izithuthi zamandla amatsha ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo njengomzekelo.

Olunye uvavanyo lwendlela yasebusika lubonisa ukuba iyunifomu kunye neekhilomitha eziqhubekayo zokuhamba zale mifuziselo zawa ngama-24%. I-lithium cobalt organte equlethwe, kunye ne-lithium-dimensional ye-lithium kunye ne-lithium yensimbi ye-phosphate ayizange ibe nenzuzo eyahlukileyo yokushisa okuphantsi. Ngenxa yeziganeko ezingama-40 zokuzitshisa ibhetri kunyaka ophelileyo, abaninzi abavelisi baye baqala ukuhlawula ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nolawulo lobushushu, ngelixa amandla okulawula ukushisa okuphantsi kweqondo lokushisa lisafuneka, kuphela abavelisi abambalwa baxhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokufudumeza zombane kwiibhetri.

Ubomi basebusika bungumqondiso ongundoqo wamava abakhweli besithuthi. Ukusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi bebhetri lolona khuphiswano lwebhetri. Sikholelwa ukuba yonke ixesha ebusika ubomi obuphantsi buya kubangela ukuba umenzi akhawuleze ukungena kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kunye nokulawulwa kobushushu, kwaye amandla emarike ezayo makhulu.

Okukhona usezantsi uvavanyo lwebhetri, kokukhona usezantsi umthamo okhoyo webhetri. Thatha i-Panasonic NCR18650A njengomzekelo, amandla ebhetri aya kuhla malunga ne-20% xa kuthelekiswa ne-25 ¡ã C kuvavanyo lwebhetri, kwaye i-voltage efanayo iphantsi kweqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo, kwaye ibhetri iyahluka. Ibhetri ye-ion ye-lithium phosphate ithathwa njengomzekelo, kwaye ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri ngamaxesha angama-4-5 kwi-15 ¡ã C, kwaye i-electrolyte conductivity inzima.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokufudumeza kwiimoto zasebusika zanda. Okwangoku, i-heater ye-PTC ngumthombo wokushisa onqwenelekayo we-air conditioners zombane, oye wenyuka ukusuka kwi-70% ukuya kwi-98% xa kuthelekiswa nombane wokufudumeza ombane wombane, kodwa ipeni yamandla aphezulu iguqulwa ibe yi-low-grade energy thermal, kwaye inkunkuma yamandla isenkulu. Ixhotyiswe ngeeheater ezi-2 zePTC ezinjengezi-5 zokuqala.

5kW emva kwe-ES8. Ukunyamezela kunokugqiba isiqingatha kuphela. Umlinganiselo wethiyori wokusetyenziswa kwamandla okufudumeza izithintelo ezinzima.

Thatha ibhetri ye-35KWH kunye nesiqhelo sangoku njengomzekelo wokufumana ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okufudumeza kunye ne-mileage correlation curve. Ukuqinisekisa i-75% yokunyamezela ukugcinwa kwesantya, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okufudumeza kwangaphakathi kunye okufanayo kulawulwa kwi-1-1.5KW.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuguqulwa kokuguqulwa kwe-electrothermal kufikelele kwi-1, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-heater ye-PTC kusondele kakhulu, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukufumana ubuchule obufana noguquko olufanelekileyo olufana nempompo yokushisa umoya. Okwesibini, ixabiso lokuqala le-lithium-ion ibhetri ebusika, ubushushu obuphantsi be-electrochemical reaction ayisebenzi, ubushushu obuphantsi, i-electrochemical reaction ayisebenzi ngumthombo oqinileyo wobomi bebhetri ebusika. Ibhetri ye-ion ye-Lithium "ibhetri ye-rocker" eqhelekileyo, ehlawuliswayo, kwaye i-ion ze-lithium zingena kwi-electrode engalunganga ukusuka kwi-electrode efanelekileyo ukungena kwi-electrode engalunganga, ukuze i-electrode engafanelekanga ibe yimeko ye-lithium, i-pole positive ilungile, kwaye i-electrode ye-carbon negative ifumana intlawulo yembuyekezo ngokusebenzisa isiphaluka sangaphandle.

, Buyisa umva xa ukhupha. Xa ubushushu be-ambient busezantsi kakhulu, i-viscosity ye-electrolyte iye yaqina kancinci, ukuze i-lithium ion deinterlamps ivalwe, i-conductivity ithotywe, kwaye umthamo uyancitshiswa. Ukusebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi ukuze kubangele umonakalo ongenakulungiseka wamandla kunye neengozi ezinokubakho.

I-solubility ye-lithium ion iya kuncitshiswa kakhulu kumaqondo aphantsi, anokuthi afakwe kwi-lithium crystal graft. Xa ikhulile ukuya kumlinganiselo othile, inokugqobhoza i-diaphragm ebangele ukuba ibhetri emfutshane yenze imingcipheko yokhuseleko. Kwaye ngeli xesha, iimeko ze-electrode eziguquguqukayo zebhetri zihlwempuzekile, ujongano oluluqilima lwe-electrolyte (SEI) luya kwanda, luya kuqhubeka luthintela ukuhamba kwe-ion, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni umthamo osebenzayo.

Ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi bazo zonke iintlobo zezinto ezilungileyo ze-electrode zahlukile, kwaye ibhetri ye-NCM811 inomkhenkce. Umlinganiselo wokugcinwa kwamandla ebhetri kwi -20 ¡ã C iyancipha, kwaye izinto ze-NCM zifana ne-NCA, kwaye i-NCM811 iphezulu kancinci kune-NCA, kodwa zombini zingcono kune-lithium iron phosphate ion ibhetri. Indlela yangoku yophuhliso lwebhetri yasekhaya inceda ukucothisa isenzeko samandla asezantsi ebusika, kodwa kusenolawulo oluphantsi lobushushu ukwenza ibhetri ibe kolona luhlu lungcono.

Okwesithathu, ukuqhubeka kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, ulawulo oluphezulu lwe-thermal, uphando lwebhetri oluphantsi lobushushu kunye nophuhliso yindlela yokujongana nokwehla ebusika, kwaye kukho i-electrolyte eguquliweyo kunye nebhetri yonke yemozulu kwicala lolwalathiso, kodwa okwangoku kwinqanaba lokuvavanya. Ityuwa ye-lithium ye-Hybrid, i-solvent kunye ne-additive ifumana i-electrolyte ephezulu yokushisa kunye nokusebenza okubanzi okubanzi, ngumnqweno wokufumana ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yobushushu obuphantsi. I-electrolyte yenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ekuxhathiseni ibhetri, kwaye inkcazo yophando yangoku iya kudibanisa i-lithium salts ezahlukeneyo, i-solvents kunye ne-additives.

Xuba ezona ziphumo zintle kumlinganiselo othile. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-solvent, i-solvent ye-EC ye-dielectric isigxina iphezulu, i-formability yefilimu ilungile, kodwa i-solvent ye-PC enezinga eliphezulu lokunyibilika, i-viscosity enkulu, kunye neqondo eliphantsi lokunyibilika (-48 ¡ã C) inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo inkqubo ye-electrolyte ukuba iqiniswe kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi. Ukulungelelanisa umlinganiselo wezi zibini, ukuchasana kwenkqubo, ukufumana i-solvent anti-low ye-solvent yenzuzo edibeneyo.

Ibhetri yemozulu yonke lukhetho lokuzikhethela kwibhetri. Kwi-2016, iqela laseTshayina le-ECPOWER kunye neYunivesithi yasePennsylvania State liye lavelisa ibhetri ye-lithium-ion enokusetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko eziphantsi zokushisa. Iyakwazi ukufikelela kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi lokufudumeza ngokuzenzekelayo ngoyilo lwesekethe kwidizayini yangaphakathi ye-electrometrium foil, enokusetyenziswa kwimizuzwana engama-25.

Ubushushu ukusuka -20 ¡ã C ukuya ku-0 ¡ã C kwaye ugcine uzinzo. Le bhetri yemozulu yonke isikweri, kwaye iindleko zokongeza zingaphantsi kwe-yuan enye kilowatworm. Ubunzima obongezelelweyo abukho ngaphezu kwe-1.

I-5%, kunye nokunciphisa umthamo kwi-20 ¡ã C sisiqingatha kuphela sebhetri jikelele. I-BMW ibhengeza isivumelwano selungelo elilodwa lomenzi we-patent kunye ne-Ecpower kwiinyanga ezili-18, ekunokwenzeka ukuba zisebenzise iteknoloji ukusebenzisa i-BMW ecocekileyo yohlobo lwesithuthi sombane. Sikholelwa ukuba ibhetri yonke yemozulu kunye nomsebenzi wokuzifudumeza ngenye yeendlela ezizayo, kodwa ukuthembeka, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okufudumeza kunye nokulawulwa kwesekethe kusaphathwa.

Ulawulo lobushushu obuphezulu yeyona ndlela ikhoyo yokulawula ubomi basebusika. Uyilo lwenkqubo yokufudumala kwebhetri kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi yiprojekthi enzima. Ukuba kuphela ukusuka kwi-engile ephezulu yokuphela, isixokelelwano sokufudumeza kwebhetri sisisombululo esona sisombululo sokugcina ibhetri kwiqondo elithile lobushushu, kodwa ukusuka kwi-engile yokhuseleko lwebhetri, thatha inkqubo yokufudumeza ibhetri engaphantsi kwe-0 ¡ã C ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri.

Ukongezelela, ukufudumeza kwebhetri kuyimfuneko yokuzalisa izinto zokufudumala ukushisa kwi-pack yebhetri, kodwa oku kunesidingo solawulo lobushushu obuphezulu, ngoko ukuyila inkqubo yokulawula ukushisa kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo izinto ezahlukeneyo. Inkqubo yokufudumeza ibhetri ineendlela ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukubanakho kwenkqubo yobushushu bokupholisa ulwelo kuphezulu. Okwangoku, inkqubo yokufudumeza ibhetri ine-PTC yokufudumeza, ukufudumala kwefilimu yombane, ukufudumeza kwesigaba, ukufudumeza okupholisa ulwelo, ukufudumeza umbhobho wokushisa, ukufudumeza unxibelelwano kunye nokunye ukuphunyezwa.

Ekupheleni kwe-2017, umsebenzi wokushisa ibhetri uphuculwe kwinkqubo ye-OTA. I-patent ibonise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufudumeza, ezinokuqhuba yonke imozulu yebhetri ulawulo lwe-thermal kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, imidiya eyahlukeneyo yokufudumeza, kunye nemithombo yokushisa eyahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kwimephu yayo yokudilizwa, ikwalusetyenziso lwe-PTC yokufudumeza okupholisayo, olona khetho lukhoyo ngoku lunengqiqo, olunokusingatha ukuphikisana nolawulo lobushushu obuphezulu kunye noluphantsi, ngelixa ukuguqulwa kukulungele ngakumbi, kuphela kubushushu obuphezulu bokupholisa ulwelo olutsha Umthombo wobushushu ngesiseko solawulo lobushushu.

Iimodeli ezininzi zinobushushu obuphantsi kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ubushushu, inkqubo yolwelo lwebhetri ebandayo iyancoma. Okwangoku, uninzi lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokufudumeza ibhetri, kodwa inkqubo yokufudumeza komoya esekwe kwi-PTC ayisebenzi kakuhle. Ngaphandle kweTestra, imodeli yenkqubo yokupholisa ulwelo lwezixhobo ixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokufudumeza okupholisa ibhetri, ethe yaba yindawo eqinileyo yokuthengisa imveliso, ethe yaba yindawo eqinileyo yokuthengisa imveliso.

Ukuphucula, umsebenzi wokufudumeza isisombululo sokupholisa uya kuqhubeka nokungena. Izifudumezi zomoya zempompo yobushushu zinokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo amandla ebusika. I-COP yangempela xa ipompo yokushisa ishushu, inokufikelela kwi-2-4, oko kukuthi, ukushisa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla afanayo ngama-2-4 amaxesha e-PTC.

Okwangoku, kukho i-Roewe EI5 kunye ne-MarvelX exhotyiswe ngempompo yokushisa umoya we-air conditioning system ukuqinisekisa ubushushu obuphezulu ebusika. Izithuthi zombane eziqhelekileyo kunye ne-300km intlawulo ye-35 kW isetyenziswa njengomzekelo wokubala, i-PTC, i-heat pump air conditioning, kunye nendibaniselwano yeendlela ezimbini ezenziwe ngokusebenzisa kuphela i-air conditioners yepompo yokufudumala, kuphela i-14% yokusetyenziswa kokufudumeza kwe-PTC kuphela. I-Mileage, umphumo wokonga amandla kakhulu.