Nguva yechando kutsungirira kunetseka simba lithium ion bhatiri yakaderera tembiricha uye yekupisa manejimendi kugona kwakakura

作者：Iflowpower – Kaasaskantava elektrijaama tarnija

Mamirioni mota nyowani inogamuchira bvunzo yehupenyu hwechando, yechando nzira yekuyedza i24%. Muna 2018, nyika yakapedza simba idzva rekutengesa motokari yevatengesi ve108,000, kusvika 89% gore negore; kutengesa kwezvikamu zve143,000 zvakapedzwa munaJanuary-February, kusvika 134% gore negore; asi kuyedza kwemunguva yechando kwakaratidza kuti nhamba yeyunifomu uye inoenderera mberi nekufamba kwe8 mhando yaive 24. %, Lithium cobalt organte ine lithium, matatu-dimensional lithium uye lithium iron phosphate haina yakasarudzika anti-yakaderera tembiricha mukana, yakaderera tembiricha uye kupisa kutonga kuchava hombe mune ramangwana musika mukana.

Yepamusoro tembiricha yekupisa manejimendi yakasungirirwa, yakaderera tembiricha uye kupisa tekinoroji nzira dzakawanda. Nekuda kwezhizha re40 bhatiri rinongoerekana rapisa zviitiko, vagadziri vazhinji vatanga kuterera tembiricha yepamusoro uye kutonga kwekupisa, uye kudziya kwakadzika-tembiricha kutonga kuchiri kumirira kugadzirwa, vashoma vanogadzira chete vakashongedzerwa nemagetsi ekudziya masisitimu ebhatiri; Hupenyu hwechando chiitiko chemutyairi Pachiratidzo chepakati, kuderera kwekushisa kwebhatiri ndiko kukwikwidza kwevagadziri vebhatiri. Nguva yechando yega yega, hupenyu hwakaderera huchaita kuti vagadziri vakurumidze kupinda kwekushisa kwakadzika uye kutonga kwekupisa, uye mukana wemusika wakakura mune ramangwana.

Kudzikira tembiricha, electrochemical reaction haisi kushanda inzvimbo yakasimba yebhatiri yechando kuderedzwa kwemagetsi. Kana tembiricha ye ambient yakadzikira, viscosity ye electrolyte inotosimba zvishoma, kuitira kuti lithium ion deinterlamps dzivharwe, conductivity inodzikiswa, uye kugona kuderedzwa. Shandisa lithium ion bhatiri uchishandisa lithium ion bhatiri, iri nyore kukonzeresa kukuvara kwesimba kubhatiri, uye kuumba njodzi dzinogona kuitika.

Kuenzaniswa neNCA, lithium iron phosphate, China inodiwa yekuvandudza bhatiri kutungamira NCM811 yakaderera tembiricha kuita ine simba, yakakwira-nickel maitiro anobatsira kudzikisira pasi simba rechando. R <000000> D low-temperature bhatiri ndiyo nzira yakakosha yekudzikira munguva yechando, high-effective thermal management ndiyo yazvino inogoneka yehupenyu hwechando nzira yekutonga. Parizvino, kune electrolyte gadziriso uye ese-mamiriro ekunze bhatiri mune yakaderera tembiricha bhatiri.

Iyo yakasanganiswa electrolyte inogona kusanganiswa nemhando dzakasiyana dze electrolyte mabhenefiti ekusimbisa lithium-ion mabhatiri, uye ese-mamiriro ekunze ebhatiri tekinoroji inozivikanwa neBMW kutungamira musika. Yazvino mvura inotonhora manejimendi tekinoroji yekupinda inofananidzwa nekuvandudza kukuru mugore rapfuura, inogona kuita yakaderera tembiricha uye kutonga kwekupisa nereverse heat inotonhorera, uye kune akawanda modhi mumusika kuti uwane yakaderera tembiricha yekudziya basa. Kutanga, yakawanda sei yechando yemagetsi kutsungirira motokari inoderedzwa? -24% miriyoni mota nyowani inogamuchira yechando hupenyu bvunzo, yakaderera tembiricha uye kupisa kutonga kunogona kuva.

Muna 2018, pakanga pane zvikamu zve 1008,000 mugore rose remagetsi matsva evatakuri, kusvika 89% gore negore; 143,000 kutengesa kwakapedzwa muna Ndira-Kukadzi, 134% gore-pagore. Zvisinei, motokari itsva yemagetsi munguva yechando, kunyanya mukunaya kwepamusoro, hupenyu chaihwo hwemotokari yemagetsi, iyo yakatoramba, iyo yakakonzera kukanganisa kwakakomba kumushandisi. Tora mashoma akajairika emagetsi matsva semuenzaniso.

Kumwe kuyedza kwemumigwagwa yechando kunoratidza kuti yunifomu uye kuenderera mberi mamaira ekufambisa emhando idzi akadonha ne24%. Iyo lithium cobalt organte yaivemo, uye iyo matatu-dimensional lithium uye lithium iron phosphate yakanga isina yakasarudzika anti-yakaderera tembiricha mukana. Nekuda kwe40 bhatiri self-ignition zviitiko gore rapfuura, vagadziri vazhinji vatanga kubhadhara yakanyanya tembiricha uye kupisa manejimendi, nepo yakaderera-tembiricha yekupisa manejimendi ichiri kudikanwa, vashoma vanogadzira chete vakashongedzerwa nemagetsi ekudziya masisitimu emabhatiri.

Hupenyu hwenguva yechando ndicho chiratidzo chikuru chechiitiko chevafambi vemotokari. Iko kuderera kwekushisa kwebhatiri ndiko kukwikwidza kwebhatiri. Isu tinotenda kuti hupenyu hwechando hwega hwega huchaita kuti mugadziri akurumidze kupinda mukati mekushisa kwakadzika uye kutonga kwekupisa, uye mukana wemusika weramangwana wakakura.

Iyo yakaderera bvunzo yebhatiri, inodzika iyo bhatiri inowanikwa huwandu. Tora Panasonic NCR18650A semuenzaniso, huwandu hwebhatiri huchadonha ne20% kana ichienzaniswa ne25 ¡ã C muyedzo yebhatiri, uye yunifomu yemagetsi yakaderera pane yakajairika tembiricha, uye bhatiri inosiyana. Iyo lithium phosphate ion bateri inotorwa semuenzaniso, uye kupikisa kwemukati kwebheteri ndeye 4-5 nguva pa 15 ¡ã C, uye electrolyte conductivity yakaoma.

Kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekudziya mumotokari yechando inowedzerwa. Parizvino, iyo PTC heater ndiyo inodikanwa kupisa sosi yemagetsi mota yekudziya air conditioners, iyo yakakwira kubva 70% kusvika 98% kana ichienzaniswa nemagetsi waya yekudziya simba, asi iyo yepamusoro-giredhi peni peni inoshandurwa kuita yakaderera-giredhi yekupisa simba, uye simba tsvina ichiri yakakura. Iyo ine 2 PTC heaters senge yekutanga 5.

5kW mushure meES8. Kutsungirira kunogona kupedza hafu chete. Theoretical kuyerwa kwekudziya kwemagetsi kushandiswa kwakakomba zvirambidzo.

Tora iyo 35KWH bhatiri ine yazvino mainstream semuenzaniso wekuwana mashandisiro emagetsi ekudziya uye mileage correlation curve. Kuti ive nechokwadi cheiyo 75% yekutsungirira chiyero chekuchengetedza, iyo yemukati uye yunifomu yekupisa simba rekushandisa inodzorwa kusvika 1-1.5KW.

Nekudaro, iyo electrothermal shanduko inoshanda inosvika 1, uye kushanda kweiyo PTC heater iri pedyo zvakanyanya, saka zvinodikanwa kuwana hunyanzvi hwakadai sekushandura kwekuita senge kupisa pombi air conditioning. Chechipiri, mutengo wepakutanga we lithium-ion bhatiri munguva yechando, yakaderera tembiricha electrochemical reaction haina kushanda, yakaderera tembiricha, electrochemical reaction haina kushanda isimba rakasimba rehupenyu hwechando hwebhatiri. Lithium ion bhatiri ndiyo yakajairika "rocker bhatiri", iyo inochajiswa, uye iyo lithium ion inopinda mune inegative electrode kubva kune yakanaka electrode kuti ipinde mune inegative electrode, kuitira kuti iyo negative electrode iite lithium state, iyo yakanaka pole yakanaka, uye iyo kabhoni negative electrode inowana muripo wekubhadhara kuburikidza nekunze redunhu.

, Reverse kana uchibvisa. Kana tembiricha ye ambient yakadzikira, viscosity ye electrolyte inotosimba zvishoma, kuitira kuti lithium ion deinterlamps dzivharwe, conductivity inodzikiswa, uye kugona kuderedzwa. Kushandisa mabhatiri e-lithium-ion mukupisa kwakadzika kukonzeresa kukuvara kwesimba kusinga gadzirise uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika.

Iyo solubility ye lithium ions ichaderedzwa zvakanyanya pakudzika kwakadzika, iyo inogona kuiswa kuti iite lithium crystal graft. Kana yakura kusvika padanho rakati, inogona kubaya diaphragm yakakonzera bhatiri kupfupika kuumba njodzi dzinogona kuitika. Uye panguva ino, iyo electrode dynamic mamiriro ebhatiri haina kunaka, iyo yakasimba electrolyte interface (SEI) ukobvu ichawedzera, icharamba ichitadzisa ion kuyerera, zvichikonzera kusimba kwesimba.

Iyo anti-yakadzika tembiricha kuramba kwemarudzi ese emhando yemagetsi emagetsi akasiyana, uye bhatiri reNCM811 rakaita chando. Chiyero chekuchengetedza simba rebhatiri pa -20 ¡ã C yakaderera, uye NCM zvinhu zvakafanana neNCA zvinhu, uye NCM811 yakakwirira zvishoma kudarika NCA, asi zvose zviri nani kupfuura lithium iron phosphate ion battery. Iyo yazvino bhatiri yekuvandudza bhatiri maitiro inobatsira kudzikamisa chiitiko chechando chakaderera simba, asi ichiri yakaderera tembiricha yekudzora kuita bhatiri mune yakanyanya kunaka.

Chechitatu, kuderera kwekushisa kuenderera mberi, kushandiswa kwekushisa kwepamusoro-soro, kuderera kwekushisa kwebhatiri kutsvakurudza uye kubudirira inzira yekugadzirisa kuderera munguva yechando, uye kune yakagadziridzwa electrolyte uye yose-yemamiriro ekunze bhatiri munzira yegwaro, asi parizvino iri mudanho rekuyedza. Hybrid lithium munyu, solvent uye additive inowana yakakwirira-tembiricha electrolyte ine yakasimba yakazara kuita, chishuwo chekuwana yakaderera tembiricha lithium-ion bhatiri. Iyo electrolyte ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukuramba kwebhatiri, uye ikozvino chirevo chekutsvagisa chinosanganisa akasiyana lithium munyu, zvinonyungudutsa uye zvinowedzera.

Sanganisa mhedzisiro yakanaka mune imwe chikamu. Semuenzaniso, mune zvinonyungudutsa, iyo yakajairika solvent EC dielectric constant yakakwira, iyo firimu formability yakanaka, asi iyo PC solvent ine yakakwira melting point, yakakura viscosity, uye yakaderera melting point (-48 ¡ã C) inogona kunyatso kudzivirira iyo electrolyte system kubva pakusimba pakadzika kudziya. Kugadzirisa chiyero chezviviri, kushorwa kwegadziriro, kuwana anti-low tembiricha solvent yezvakabatanidzwa mukana.

Yese-yemamiriro ekunze bhatiri isarudzo yekusarudza mubhatiri. Muna 2016, chikwata cheChinese cheECPOWER nePennsylvania State University yakagadzira lithium-ion bhatiri rinogona kushandiswa pasi pemamiriro ekushisa. Inogona kuwana yakaderera tembiricha otomatiki kudziyisa nedhizaini dhizaini mune yemukati yekuwedzera ye electrometrium foil, iyo inogona kushandiswa mukati me25 masekondi.

Tembiricha kubva -20 ¡ã C kusvika 0 ¡ã C uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana. Iri bhatiri remamiriro ekunze ane mativi, uye mari yekuwedzera iri pasi pe1 yuan pa kilowatworm. Huremu hwekuwedzera hahupfuuri 1.

5%, uye kudzikisira kwesimba pa20 ¡ã C inongori hafu yebhatiri rakawanda. BMW inozivisa chibvumirano chepatent neEcpower mumwedzi gumi nemisere, iyo ingango shandisa tekinoroji kushandisa ramangwana reBMW yemhando yemotokari yemagetsi. Isu tinotenda kuti bhatiri yemamiriro ekunze-yega-yega-yekupisa basa ndeimwe yezvisarudzo zveramangwana, asi kuvimbika, kupisa kwemagetsi kushandiswa uye kutonga kwedunhu zvichiri kubatwa.

High-effective thermal management ndiyo yazvino inogoneka yehupenyu hwechando nzira yekutonga. Dhizaini yebhatiri yekudziya system pane yakaderera tembiricha ipurojekiti yakaoma. Kana chete kubva pakona yekugumisira, bhatiri yekudziya system ndiyo mhinduro yakakwana yekuchengetedza bhatiri pane imwe tembiricha, asi kubva pakona yekuchengetedza bhatiri, tora bhatiri rekudziisa system pazasi 0 ¡ã C kuti uwedzere hupenyu hwebhatiri.

Uye zvakare, iyo bhatiri yekudziya inodiwa kuzadza iyo yekupisa yekudzivirira zvinhu mubhatiri pack, asi izvi zviri mukuda kwekupisa kwekushisa kwakanyanya, saka dhizaini yeiyo thermal management system inofanirwa kufunga zvakasiyana siyana. Battery heat system ine nzira dzakasiyana siyana, uye kugona kwemvura kutonhora kupisa system kwakakwira. Parizvino, iyo bhatiri yekudziya system ine PTC yekudziya, yemagetsi kupisa firimu kupisa, chikamu chekuchinja kupisa, kutonhora kwemvura kupisa, kupisa pombi kupisa, kutaurirana kupisa uye kumwe kuita.

Pakupera kwa2017, bhatiri rekutanga kupisa basa rakakwidziridzwa muOTA system. Iyo patent yakaratidza nzira dzakasiyana dzekudziya, dzinogona kuitisa zvese-yemamiriro ekunze bhatiri yekupisa manejimendi pamamiriro akasiyana ekushanda, akasiyana ekudziya midhiya, uye akasiyana kupisa masosi. Nekudaro, kubva pamepu yayo yekubvisa, iko zvakare kushandiswa kwePTC yekudziya inotonhorera, inova ndiyo yazvino sarudzo ine musoro, iyo inogona kubata kupokana kwepamusoro uye yakaderera tembiricha manejimendi, nepo kushandura kuri nyore, chete mukupisa kwekushisa kwemvura kutonhora Nyowani yekupisa sosi pahwaro hwekutonga kwekupisa.

Mazhinji mamodheru ane yakaderera tembiricha uye kupisa manejimendi system, bhatiri remvura inotonhora yekudziya system inorumbidza. Parizvino, mota zhinji nyowani dzemagetsi dzakashongedzerwa nemabhatiri ekudziya masisitimu, asi PTC-yakavakirwa inodziya yemhepo yekudziya system haina kunyatso shanda. Kunze kweTestra, modhi yemidziyo yekudziya yemvura inotonhorera ine bhatiri inotonhorera yekudziya sisitimu, yave yakasimba chigadzirwa kutengesa nzvimbo, yave yakasimba chigadzirwa kutengesa nzvimbo.

Kuvandudza, iyo inotonhorera yekugadzirisa kupisa basa icharamba ichipinda. Heat pump air conditioners inogona kushanda nesimba muchando. Iyo chaiyo COP kana pombi yekupisa ichipisa, inogona kusvika 2-4, ndiko kuti, kupisa kwesimba rakafanana rinoshandiswa 2-4 nguva PTC.

Parizvino, kwave neRoewe EI5 uye MarvelX yakashongedzerwa nepombi yekupisa air conditioning system kuti ive nechokwadi chekupisa kwakanyanya munguva yechando. Typical electric mota dzine 300km charge 35 kW dzinoshandiswa semuenzaniso kuverenga, PTC, kupisa pombi air conditioning, uye kusanganiswa kwenzira mbiri dzakaumbwa nekushandisa chete kupisa pombi air conditioners, 14% chete yekushandiswa kwekupisa kwePTC chete. Mileage, simba rekuchengetedza simba rakawanda.