Amabhethri kagesi aseyekiwe, futhi i-Shenzhen izomisa uxhaso lokugaywa kabusha

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Mpamatsy tobin-jiro portable

Uma ngidingida ukwethulwa kwenqubomgomo yoxhaso lwemoto entsha yamandla ka-2019 embonini, inqubomgomo yendawo yoxhaso lwe-Shenzhen 2018 isanda kukhishwa. Muva nje, Shenzhen Municipal Finance Committee, Shenzhen Development and Reform Commission ngokuhlanganyela umemezele "Shenzhen 2018 New Energy Automobile Application Application Support Policy" ("Shenzhen New Energy Automobile Financial Support Policy"), ingqikithi yezinqubomgomo zomxhaso ezintathu, okuhlanganisa uxhaso lokuthenga Imoto, ukushaja izikhungo uxhaso lokwakhiwa kanye sublithium amandla ibhethri kabusha. Kuleli qophelo, yethulwa ngokucacile uxhaso lwenqubomgomo, futhi i-Shenzhen isiphinde yaba idolobha lokuqala elamisa uxhaso olunamandla lokutakula ibhethri ye-lithium.

Eqinisweni, njengoba iqoqo lokuqala lamandla amabhethri e-lithium selizophuma, ukugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium yamandla bekulokhu kuyisihloko esishisayo sokukhathazeka kwemboni. 1 kW, 20 yuan uxhaso, kubikwa ukuthi inqubomgomo yoxhaso "Shenzhen New Energy Automobile Financial Support Policy" ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu, lapho 12 kuya June 11, 2018 isikhathi soshintsho, futhi ukuvimbela unyaka. Ipholisi ummese nokusika; ngaphezu kwemoto yebhethri yamandla kaphethiloli, izimoto zabagibeli zamandla amasha, abagibeli bakagesi abamsulwa, amaloli kagesi ahlanzekile nezimoto ezikhethekile zinokwehla okukhulu, kodwa zithuthukisa futhi ziphucule izinga lemixhaso yokwakha yezindawo zokushaja.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusho ukuthi iDolobha lase-Shenzhen lisungule uxhaso olunamandla lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium, futhi i-Shenzhen isiphinde yaba idolobha lokuqala e-China elasungula uxhaso olunamandla lokutakula ibhethri ye-lithium. Ucwaningo lwentatheli ye-Beijing News "Inqubomgomo Yokusekelwa Kwezezimali Ye-Shenzhen New Energy Automobile" ithole ukuthi izilungiselelo ezijwayelekile zeDolobha lase-Shenzhen zokuthola kabusha uxhaso lwamabhethri e-lithium ashukumisayo. Ngokuqondile, kunezinkampani ezithengisa izimoto ezintsha zamandla e-Shenzhen, kuhlanganise nezinkampani zokukhiqiza zendawo kanye nezinkampani zokukhiqiza insimu, e-Shenzhen, inkampani yokuthengisa yomuntu osemthethweni, kufanele isekelwe ku-20 yuan / kW, i-akhawunti ekhethekile yokutholwa kwebhethri yokugcina amandla.

Mayelana nezidingo zokutholwa kwebhethri lesitoreji samandla, u-50% wamanani anqunyiwe ahloliwe axhaswe. Ngokusho kwe- "Shenzhen New Energy Automobile Financial Support Policy", kungatholakala ukuthi into yamandla kagesi we-lithium yokuvuselela ibhethri yinkampani yokukhiqiza izimoto: I-New Energy Automobile Production Co., Ltd.

ithatha umthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko wokutholwa kwebhethri yokugcina amandla, mayelana ne-akhawunti ekhethekile edingekayo yokugcina amandla emali yokucubungula ibhethri Inkampani yokukhiqiza izimoto, Ikhomishini Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko ye-Shenzhen izobaxhasa ngokwezinqubo. Eqinisweni, i-Shenzhen isanda kuqala ukuhlelwa kokubuyiswa kwebhethri ye-lithium yamandla. Ngo-Ephreli 2018, i-Shenzhen yakhipha "iDolobha laseShenzhen ukuthi liqhube ukuqondiswa kwebhethri ye-lithium entsha yamandla emoto yamandla kanye nendlela yokusebenza yomshayeli wokwakhiwa kabusha kwesistimu (2018-2020)", inqume umgomo wokuthuthukisa, futhi izuze amandla amasha azo zonke izibonelelo ezibandakanya ngo-2020 ukugadwa komjikelezo wokuphila okugcwele kwamandla emoto amandla e-lithium amabhethri, ukusungula kabusha uhlelo oluphelele lwebhethri ye-lithicycling.

Embonini, lokhu kuhlongozwa ukuhlinzeka ngoxhaso lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium yamandla. Ikesi eliyisethenjwa. Imakethe enkulu engase ithathe umhlalaphansi iboniswa ukuthi isamba sezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla ngo-2009 kuya ku-2012 zilinganiselwa ku-17,000.

Ngemva kokuhlanganisa amandla ebhethri ye-lithium, cishe i-1.2GWH (cishe i-1.2 million kWh); ekuqaleni kuka-2013 kwaqala ukukhuthaza izimoto ezintsha ze-Energy, imoto yokuqala entsha yamandla yangena ngokusemthethweni emakethe, ngasekupheleni kuka-2018, ukukhuthazwa okuhlanganisiwe kwezimoto ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-3 zamandla amasha, kwahlanganisa ibhethri yokugcina amandla ngaphezu kwe-147GWH (cishe izigidi ezingu-147 KWH).

Ngokwesikhathi somshwalense webhizinisi lemoto, umjikelezo wempilo yebhethri ye-lithium eguquguqukayo, ukusetshenziswa kokugqokwa kwezimoto, impilo yebhethri ye-lithium entsha yamandla ashukumisayo ngokuvamile yiminyaka emi-4 kuye kweyi-6, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla emoto yokuhweba amabhethri e-lithium kufushane kakhulu, cishe iminyaka emi-2 ~ 3. Ngakho-ke, akungabazeki ukuthi ibhethri ye-lithium yokuqala yemoto yamandla entsha isizongenisa igagasi elikhulu lomhlalaphansi. Ibhethri ye-lithium yamandla isizoqedwa, abangaphakathi embonini bakholelwa ukuthi imakethe ye-lithium yokuphinda isetshenziswe kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwebhethri inamandla amakhulu okuthuthuka, okulindeleke ukuthi idlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 emakethe ngo-2020, 2022 noma Ngaphezulu kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-30.

Ngaphansi kwezici eziningi ezifana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, isidingo esiningi kanye nomshayeli wentshisekelo, izinga likazwelonke nalo seliqalile ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi eliguquguqukayo lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium. Ngo-2018, izinga likazwelonke likhiphe "Izinyathelo Zesikhashana Zokuphatha I-New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling Management" kanye "Nendlela Yokugaywa Kabusha Kokugaywa kabusha Nokusetshenziswa Kwebhethri Yamandla Emoto Yemoto Entsha", ecacisa umgomo wokuthuthukisa, nokusungula uhlelo oluphelele lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla, ukuhlola Ukwakhiwa kwemodeli yokusetshenziswa kwebhethri entsha yokubambisana nokusetshenziswa kabusha. Yize inqubomgomo icacile, ukutholwa kwebhethri le-lithium okuguquguqukayo manje kubambezelekile.

Izindleko ezinobungozi obukhulu bokuphinda zisetshenziswe zidinga ukuxazululwa ngokubuka kwemboni, futhi izinkinga ezibalulekile okunzima ukuzibuyisela nokusebenzisa kabusha ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla e-lithium amabhethri kubiza kakhulu. Mayelana nokubekwa uphawu kwebhethri likadoti ukuze lihlukaniswe, izindleko zokuhlela kabusha ziphezulu; futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwesibili kwebhethri lokuqala nakho kuyiphrojekthi ebiza kakhulu. Akugcini lapho, kunengozi enkulu yokuphepha ekuhleleni kabusha amabhethri alahlwayo, futhi kunengozi enkulu yokuphepha ohlelweni lokuhlela kabusha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntuleka kobuchwepheshe bokubuyisela ibhethri ye-lithium, uhlelo olungajwayelekile lwezimboni ezihlobene, kanye nezinkinga zokuhlola ukutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium yamandla, ukubambezeleka kokwakhiwa kohlelo lokuqondisa nakho kukhawulela ukuthuthukiswa kokugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla e-lithium. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuxoxisana komsebenzisi akukho endaweni, akuqapheli ukubaluleka kwamandla okubuyisela ibhethri ye-lithium, ukuqinisa ngokwengeziwe ukuqashelwa. I-Shenzhen yamanje isebenzisa uxhaso lwezezimali ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium anamandla, noma izohlinzeka ngemibono emisha yokuthuthukiswa kwamandla asekhaya i-lithium battery recycling kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni akukwazi ukuthembela njalo ekuxhasweni kwezezimali, futhi ekugcineni kubuyele esimweni semakethe.

Ngalesi sikhathi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxazulula inkinga yemboni ngokwayo. Ngo-2014, izimoto zikagesi zaqala ukukala, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium ashukumisayo ngokuvamile yiminyaka engu-5-8. Ingxenye enkulu yebhethri ibhekane nokuqedwa kwamaphoyinti abalulekile, okusho ukuthi ibhethri le-lithium lamandla kusukela kulokhu kusasa, lingase lingene esimweni sokubika esikhulu.

U-He Zhuhui, umcwaningi, u-He Zhuhui, uthe, ngaphezu kwemvelo eyinhloko enkampanini ye-lead-acid ukukhulisa ukuhlelwa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kanye nezimboni zamandla amasha, ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri okugcina amandla emoto amandla amasha kuyinkinga ephuthumayo. Ngokwesibikezelo se-Automotive Technology Research Center yezwe lami, kuhlanganiswe neminyaka yemoto, impilo yebhethri ye-lithium yamandla, njll. Usayizi noma usayizi wamathani angama-350,000.

Ngokusho kwezikhungo ezifanele, usayizi wokutholwa kwebhethri uzofinyelela cishe kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-6.5 ngonyaka ka-2020, okubandakanya cishe izigidigidi ezingama-4.1, isikali semakethe sicishe sibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-41, kanti usayizi wemakethe osebenzisekayo ovuselelekayo u-2.

4 billion yuan. Ngo-2023, isikali semakethe sizofinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-15, lapho usayizi wezinyathelo zemakethe ungama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5.7, futhi usayizi wemakethe ovuselelekayo ucishe u-9.

3 billion yuan. Ungaluthola kanjani ucezu lwenkomishi yemakethe yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium futhi iledi izoba indawo eshisayo emakethe elandelayo. .