Qinisa izinyathelo eziyisishagalombili zokutholwa kwebhethri lezimoto zamandla amasha

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - អ្នកផ្គត់ផ្គង់ស្ថានីយ៍ថាមពលចល័ត

Ngokuqhuma kwezimoto zamandla amasha, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion yamandla izokhula ngokushesha, futhi ingene ngokushesha esikhathini se-scrap. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium-ion alahliwe aqukethe i-cobalt, i-manganese, ithusi nezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo, ukwelashwa okungafanele kwemvelo, futhi afaka ngisho nempilo yomuntu engozini. Selokhu izwe lami laqala uhlelo olusha lwemoto yamandla "IziNkulungwane Eziyishumi Zedolobha", kusukela ngo-2009 kuya ku-2015 sekuqongelele izimoto ezingu-497,000 ezimotweni zamandla amasha.

Ngo-2015, izimoto ezintsha zamandla ezwe lami zaziyi-340,500, zibalwa ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-60 eziphumayo emhlabeni. Inani le-lithium-ion battery scrap seliqongelele cishe amathani angu-20,000 kuya kwangu-40,000. Ngakho-ke, iminyango efanelekile kufanele ilungiselelwe, futhi ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwezimoto zamandla amasha amabhethri e-lithium-ion azofundwa.

Okokuqala, ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwenqubomgomo. Ngo-2012, "I-Energy Saving and New Energy Automobile Industry Development Plan" idinga ngokusobala ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokulawula ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion, ukusetshenziswa kwesinyathelo sebhethri se-lithium-ion ashukumisayo kanye nohlelo lokuphatha lokubuyisela. NgoJanuwari walo nyaka, uMnyango Wezimboni Nolwazi uhlela kabusha umbono womphakathi mayelana "Nezimo Ezijwayelekile Zokusetshenziswa Okuphelele Kwebhethri Lemoto Yemoto Entsha Yamandla", ephakamisa izidingo ezijwayelekile zokukhethwa kwesayithi, ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, njll.

yamabhethri e-lithium-ion ashukumisayo. Ekupheleni kukaJanuwari, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, Ikhomishana Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko, Umnyango Wokuvikela Imvelo, Umnyango Wezohwebo, I-Quality Supervision Bureau, njll. Ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri okugcina amandla emoto kagesi kuyenziwa, kusungulwe uhlelo lokubuyisela ibhethri lamandla ukuze kuxhunywe umfula; ukusungula isistimu yekhodi yebhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla ukuze kusungulwe uhlelo lokulandeleka.

Lawa imibhalo eyisiqondiso yamandla emoto entsha yamandla e-lithium-ion battery recycling, kumele ibekwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka; kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuklama kwezinga eliphezulu, ukuhlela jikelele, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphatha ngenxa yezimo zendawo, nokukhuthaza ukugxila, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ukukhuthaza amandla okuchithwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion imithombo Amakhemikhali, isikali, ukusetshenziswa kwenani eliphezulu, ukulinganisa ukuziphatha kwembonini, ukuvimbela ukwakhiwa okuphindaphindiwe nokukhiqiza ngokweqile. Okwesibili, khuthaza ukwakheka kwemvelo kanye nokuphathwa komjikelezo wempilo ngokugcwele. Ukwakhiwa kwemvelo kwaziwa nangokuthi "umklamo", emjikelezweni wokuphila ogcwele womklamo webhethri we-lithium-ion, ukukhiqizwa, ukusetshenziswa, ukukhishwa kanye nokugaywa kabusha, kubonisa ukonga kwezinsiza kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle, okuhambisana nemvelo; Ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphelele.

Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinobuthi eziyingozi, ikakhulukazi izinsimbi ezisindayo. Nakuba ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ingenawo i-mercury, i-cadmium, i-lead nezinye izakhi zensimbi esindayo, kodwa izinto zokwakha ze-electrode ezinhle nezimbi, izixazululo ze-electrolyte zinemiphumela ethile emvelweni wemvelo, akufanele zinganakwa. Ukudala izimo zokuphinda zigaywe kabusha, ukuhlukaniswa, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphelele, okufana nezingxenye zamakhemikhali ezinelebula endaweni yebhethri noma okokusebenza kokupakisha.

Uma kucatshangelwa ukugqokwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion yamandla esetshenziswayo, ukuqoqwa kwemfucuza nokuthutha, njll., kungcono kakhulu ukuphrinta ezintweni ezigqokwayo. Ukushayela izinkampani ezigaya kabusha ukuze zingene epaki lezimboni, qinisa abaphathi.

Ukugaywa kabusha nokusebenzisa ibhethri le-lithium-ion eliguqukayo kufanele kusetshenziswe. Yethula okokusebenza okuthuthukile kwamazwe ngamazwe okuvikeleka kwemvelo, okuqaphela ukukhishwa kwesibili kothuli lwentuthu yomthofu, umthofu, njll., yenza ukukhishwa okujwayelekile okungu-100%.

Ukugaywa kabusha kwamanzi emvula kanye nokukhucululwa kwendle kwepaki, kuthuthukisa izinga lokusebenzisa amanzi, futhi kwenze u-100% wamanzi angcolile akhiphe noma akhiphe ngisho kungabikho kukhishwa imfucumfucu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokuhambisana ne-ISO14000 ezidingweni zokulawulwa kwemvelo endaweni yokusebenza, qinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi abalethi uthuli lomthofu. Lungiselela ukukhiqizwa kwabasebenzi nezindawo zokuphumula ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi awukho umthelela empilweni yabasebenzi.

Okwesithathu ukusebenzisa uhlelo olukhona lokugaywa kabusha kwezinto ezilahlwayo noma inethiwekhi. Ngemuva komthelela omkhulu kanye nesistimu yokulungisa, uhlelo lwezwe lami lokugaywa kabusha kwezinto ezilahlwayo belulokhu lukhona kusukela ku-Supply and Marketing Society kuya ku-Materials and Supply and Marketing Society, bese kuba nentuthuko esheshayo yokugaywa kabusha kwe-inthanethi + nezinsiza ezivuselelekayo manje. Umnyango Wezohwebo uxhasa ngemali noma uhlanganisa inethiwekhi yokugaywa kabusha kwezisetshenziswa zokugaywa kabusha ezweni lonke.

Ezinye izindawo ziphinde zakha ubumbano lokufinyelela emisebenzini, ukuhlangana kokuphathwa kwezindawo ezingaguquki, ubumbano lwenombolo yokugaywa kabusha, ubumbano, ubunye bezingubo, ubunye bezindinganiso zezempilo, ukuphathwa kwe-akhawunti kanye nobunye bokuqoqwa kukadoti nokuqoqwa kukadoti, njll. IKhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko isekela uhlolo "lwezimbiwa zasemadolobheni", ukwakha uhlelo oluhambisanayo lokugaya kabusha. Ezinye izinsiza ezivuselelekayo njengensimbi, amabhethri angenambala, nazo zenze inethiwekhi yokugaywa kabusha nabahamba phambili benkampani.

Lezi zenze isisekelo esiqinile sokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri emoto yamandla amasha, futhi kufanele asebenzise ngokugcwele futhi abhekisele. Ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium ion, kungafunda kumkhuba wesistimu yokutakula ibhethri le-lead-acid. Ngokwezimfuneko zoMnyango Wezohwebo, indlela yokugaywa kabusha iyengezwa, elawula ukuziphatha kokutholwa kwabantu ngabanye nezinkampani ohlelweni lokubuyisela umphakathi.

Ngohlelo lwenkampani lokugaywa kabusha, izinhlobo ezintsha zokugaywa kabusha, ukwandisa izinsiza zolwazi lokugaywa kabusha. Hlanganisa umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni ephansi eluhlaza ye-inthanethi +, dala inkundla yokugaywa kabusha ephrofeshinali, yakha uhlelo olusha lokugaywa kabusha olususelwe kumabhethri emoto yamandla e-lithium-ion entsha. Ngokomoya wombuso, ukubukelwa emuva kwamandla emoto entsha yamabhethri e-lithium-ion, ngokuqapha ikhwalithi, futhi kusetshenziswe idatha enkulu ukukhuthaza ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yebhethri ye-lithium ion ashukumisayo.

Okwesine ukusungula imodeli yebhizinisi, ukukhuthaza imodeli yokuthuthukiswa komnotho eyindilinga ephindaphindekayo. Amabhethri e-lithium ion ashukumisayo kadoti anezinsiza ezihlukahlukene. Enye indlela ukusebenzisa.

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion anamandla angaphansi kuka-80%, angasetshenziswa kwezinye izinkambu zama-vector kagesi ukuze asebenzise inani lawo eliyinsalela. Uma ungasetshenziswa njengesiteshi samandla okugcina ukufudumala kwegridi yamandla, isiteshi samandla okugcina amandla omndeni, isiteshi samandla okugcina amandla enkampani, kanye nemoto kagesi enesivinini esiphansi, inkampani yamabhayisikili kagesi, amathemba anethemba. Amapulasitiki angcolile, amaphakethe ebhethri kanye nokupakishwa kufanele kubuyiselwe ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesinyathelo sebhethri le-lithium-ion kumele kuthathe izindleko eziphansi njengesici esiyinhloko sokucatshangelwa, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzowela ebunzimeni bokulandela izinkomba zobuchwepheshe futhi kuzibe inani lebhizinisi, ukuze ukusebenza kwezinyathelo kube nzima. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion yamandla asetshenziswa emkhakheni weziteshi eziyisisekelo zokuxhumana, njll., okumele kuqinisekiswe mayelana nokuphepha, ukuzinza, njll.

I-Industrial wave electric wave peak trough intengo kagesi inkulu, uma ukwazi ukonga ugesi ebusuku, ukunikezwa kukagesi emini, kunganciphisa nokucindezela kwegridi, futhi kunciphise izindleko zikagesi zenkampani. Kodwa-ke, ngesisekelo sokuhlaziya nokuhlola komnotho wezobuchwepheshe, buthelela ulwazi oluhlobene, ukuvimbela kusengaphambili. Enye indlela iwukusebenzisa njengodoti ukuhlakaza ngokuqondile, ukucwenga izakhi ezihlukahlukene eziwusizo noma izinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi ubone ukugaywa kabusha kwezinto zokusetshenziswa.

Njengamanje, izinga lokugaywa kabusha kwezinto zokusetshenziswa selifinyelele ngaphezu kuka-70%, futhi ukutholwa kwebhethri elineasidi yomthofu kungaphezu kwama-95%. Ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ashukumisayo kwezobuchwepheshe akunazo izinkinga, okubalulekile ukulawula izindleko nokuthuthukiswa kwemodeli yebhizinisi. Kukhona imakethe efanelekile yokwenza izinzuzo ezinhle zezomnotho, unganciphisa inani lamandla ebhethri ye-lithium-ion futhi uguqule imfucuza ibe yingcebo.

Endaweni yaseBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri alahlwayo, kuhlanganiswe namandla amasha, amandla e-Tianjin, i-Tianjin Zhizhen kanye nezinye izinkampani ukwenza ngokuhlanganyela ukusetshenziswa okugcwele kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ashukumisayo. Ngezakhiwo ezifanayo, kufanele kube nokushintsha kuzwelonke ukuze kugwenywe ukuthuthukiswa okungaboni. Okwesihlanu ukuqinisa ukufana kokugaywa kabusha, ucwaningo olubalulekile nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe.

Sekukonke, ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhuthazwa kwamandla amabhethri e-lithium-ion, ucwaningo lwezwe lami lokugaywa kabusha kumabhethri e-lithium-ion anamandla alwanele uma kuqhathaniswa. Njengoba kunikezwe izinto ezibalulekile zebhethri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo, njenge-nickel, i-cobalt, umhlaba ongavamile nezinye izinsiza, kanye nezinkinga zokungcola ezingase zenzeke ekugayweni kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ebhethri ye-lithium-ion engasebenzi, nokwandisa ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe okwamanje ukusekelwa, imboni Ukucabangela ukuxazulula izinkinga. Thuthukisa izinga lobuchwepheshe lamandla emoto entsha yokuvuselela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, ukwenza ukubambisana kocwaningo lokukhiqiza phakathi kwenkampani nesikhungo socwaningo, ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo obusezingeni eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwe-lithium ion.

Phela, indawo ku-Chemical Elements ku-Gameprev inqunywa ukuthi i-lithium inomsebenzi oqinile wensimbi. Ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa amasu okuqaqa nokusetshenziswa ahambisana namabhethri e-lithium anamandla kaphethiloli, amabhethri e-iron lithium ion, amabhethri e-lead-carbon, amabhethri okushisa aphezulu, amabhethri asongayo, ama-supercapacitor, njll., ukuthuthukisa imishini yokuhlola, izinsiza zokuvimbela kanye nokubusa, njll.

Engeza isistimu yokuqapha ezenzakalelayo. Ngenkathi ukhipha izakhi eziwusizo, ukugwema ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okungadingekile. Ukuze kuqedwe okokusebenza kokuhlakaza komshini wokuqala webhethri le-lead-acid, vumela isistimu yokuhlunga ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Izinqubo ze-predefinctancy ezithuthukisiwe zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingcolile. Ukukhuthaza inkampani ukuthi iqede isithando somlilo sokuqala sokubonisa uphethiloli, isithando somlilo sokucwenga, ukuze kuzuzwe amandla amasha emoto yamandla e-lithium-ion battery recycling industry green low-carbon development. Ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwesistimu ejwayelekile yokugaywa kabusha kwamandla ebhethri ye-lithium-ion.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamabhethri e-lithium-ion, i-cobalt organte ebalulekile yezwe lami, i-lithium manganese acid, i-lithium nickel-manganese acid, i-lithium iron phosphate, njll. Ukwakhiwa kwefekthri kufanele futhi kubonise ukonga amandla, izidingo zekhabhoni ephansi, ukuze kwakhiwe ifektri yesimanje, hhayi indawo yokupakisha elula. Isithupha siwulwazi lobuchwepheshe oluhlobene nokudalulwa kwezidingo ezifanele zesondlo.

Ngenxa yokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe nokuzinza, kungenzeka ukuthola nokulungisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion amandla emoto entsha. Eqinisweni, amaseli agaywe kabusha avela kubakhiqizi abahlukene, ukucaciswa, okusho ukuthi ukulungiswa noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamaphakethe ebhethri kufanele kuhlakazwe ngokuya nezindlela zokuklama ezihlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamodeli ahlukene anomklamo wesakhiwo wephakethe lebhethri elihlukile nezindlela zokuxhuma amamojula, kanye nobuchwepheshe benqubo buhlukile.

Akunakwenzeka ukuqaqa, ukulungisa noma ukuphinda usetshenziswe ngomugqa wokugeleza ohlakaziwe. Uma isakhiwo sebhethri ye-lithium ion eguquguqukayo, ubuchwepheshe kanye nemisebenzi yezandla ingajwayelekile, ngoba i-voltage esele izofinyelela kumakhulu ama-volts (ngaphandle kwamabhethri angu-18650), kuyoba yingozi lapho kudilizwa. Uhlelo lwebhethri luwuhlelo lwamakhemikhali olushintsha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kumasistimu amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, ukucaciswa okuhlukile namaqoqo, abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene, kanye nezimo zezempilo ezahlukahlukene zamamojula webhethri ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha.

Ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla e-lithium-ion kufanele futhi kucabangele impilo esele yebhethri. Uma kunedatha yasekuqaleni kuphela yefekthri, alikho irekhodi elinemininingwane yokusetshenziswa, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion yamandla ayicacile, futhi inkampani ebanzi esetshenziswayo izotshala umsebenzi owengeziwe, okuhlanganisa ukuhlola, ukumodela, ukuhlaziya. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, idatha etholiwe ayinembile ngempela.

Ibandlulula imojuli yebhethri, ukuhlola okubonakalayo akukwazi ukuthola ukonakala kokuphepha, njengokukhipha kancane, ukuvuza, ukujikeleza okufushane, ukwehluleka kokufakwa kwezinto, ukugqwala kwezigxobo ezimbili, njll. Phakathi nendawo, uzoshiya ingozi yokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, uma ibhethri lamandla e-lithium-ion kufanele lilungiswe, izinhlinzeko ezifanele zoMnyango Wezokuthutha zizodalulwa ezinhlinzekweni ezifanele zoMnyango Wezokuthutha, zidalule ubuchwepheshe obufanele noma ubuciko bokulungisa.

Isikhombisa inqubomgomo yesikhuthazo sokuthuthukisa nokwenza amandla ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion. Izwe lami likhiphe uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zenqubomgomo ukukhuthaza izimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngogesi ekuthengeni uxhaso, ingqalasizinda kanye nezinkambiso ezijwayelekile. Ukuqamba okusha kuthuthukiswa kakhulu, izici ezine zenkambiso entsha yokuhlanganiswa kwezimboni.

2015 "Inqubomgomo", ukuqoqwa, ukuhlukaniswa, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha, ukusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo, ukuvuselelwa, ukuqondiswa nokuphathwa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ashukumisayo, nokusula isihloko esinomthwalo wemfanelo kanye nendlela ebalulekile, edinga ukusungulwa kohlelo lokulandela umkhondo. Kodwa-ke, ukugaywa kabusha kwezimoto zamandla amasha amabhethri e-lithium-ion akukabi nezinqubomgomo zokukhuthaza, futhi inkampani ayikawaboni amandla okugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion kuyinto enenzuzo. Kulo mkhuba, umnotho wokuqala oyindilinga wepaki lokuqala e-Anhui Tunicion ubeka ukubaluleka okukhulu emnothweni oyindilinga we-R <000000> D, ukukhiqiza, ukuvuselela kabusha, nokuthuthukiswa kwemodeli yomnotho oyindilinga "yokukhiqiza-ukuvuselela kabusha-ukusetshenziswa kabusha", okufanele isifinyezo nokukhuthazwa.

Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamabhethri e-lithium-ion, ayinkimbinkimbi futhi awanayo izindinganiso ezihlangene, futhi amabhethri asetshenziselwe umhlalaphansi kufanele asetshenziswe, futhi adinga ukuba yinkimbinkimbi ngokuhlakaza, ukuhlunga kanye nesethi yesibili, futhi inqubo yokudiliza inzima ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni. Njengoba amabhethri e-lithium-ion aya ngokuya ebanzi, insimbi evuselelekayo, ukunciphisa ukungcola okubangelwa imvelo, ukunciphisa izinsiza, njll., anezinzuzo ezibalulekile zomphakathi kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo.

Ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion akuwona nje umgoqo okumelwe wephulwe, kodwa futhi kungenye yezinkinga eziyinhloko ezihlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kwamabhethri emoto yamandla e-lithium-ion entsha. Mayelana nenhlalakahle yomphakathi, efana nocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe, nobuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini, nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini, amazwe kufanele anikeze izikhuthazo zenqubomgomo ezidingekayo. Isishiyagalombili esokuqinisa ukuhlanganiswa, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwezimboni ezintsha zokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion yamandla.

imboni yezimoto zamandla amasha wezwe lami kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokuvuselela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion kuhilele iminyango eminingi. Isibonelo, i-Ministry of Science and Technology isekela ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe, I-National Development and Reform Commission isekela umshayeli wendiza "wezimbiwa zasemadolobheni", uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi usekela izimboni, ikakhulukazi izimboni ezisafufusa ezinamasu, uMnyango Wezohwebo usekela uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha Ukwakhiwa nokusebenza, uMnyango Wokuvikela Imvelo ulawula ngokuqinile ukuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhethri emoto yamandla amasha e-lithium-ion, ukuhlanganiswa kufanele kuqiniswe futhi kushintshwe esikhathini esidlule.

Ngokuthembela eqinisweni lezindleko eziphansi kanye nokuncintisana okukhulu kwenkampani, khuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwemboni ukuze kuzuzwe izinjongo zokuvikela imvelo yesibhakabhaka. Abasebenzi abaphezulu, isekela lomhloli.