Yomeleza amanyathelo asibhozo okumelana namandla amatsha ebhetri yemoto

作者：Iflowpower – Kaasaskantava elektrijaama tarnija

Ngokuqhushumba kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yamandla iya kwanda ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ingene ngokukhawuleza kwixesha le-scrap. Izifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezishiyiweyo zine-cobalt, i-manganese, ubhedu kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezinzima, unyango olungafanelekanga lwendalo, kwaye lubeka impilo yabantu engozini. Ukususela ekubeni ilizwe lam liqalise isithuthi samandla esitsha "Izicwangciso zeSixeko samawaka alishumi", i-2009 ukuya kwi-2015 iqokelele izithuthi ze-497,000 kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha.

Ngo-2015, izithuthi zamandla amatsha elizwe lam zazingama-340,500, zibalelwa kwiziphumo ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-60 kwihlabathi. Isixa se-lithium-ion battery scrap siqokelele malunga ne-20,000 ukuya kwi-40,000 yeetoni. Ngoko ke, amasebe afanelekileyo kufuneka alungiselelwe, kwaye ukuhlaziywa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha eebhetri ze-lithium-ion ziya kufundwa.

Okokuqala, ukwandisa ukuphunyezwa komgaqo-nkqubo. Kwi-2012, "Ukugcinwa kwaMandla kunye neSicwangciso soPhuhliso lwe-Automobile Industry Development Plan" sifuna ngokucacileyo ukuphuhliswa kweendlela zokulawula ibhetri ye-lithium-ion, i-lithium-ion inyathelo lebhetri eliguquguqukayo kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lokubuyisela. NgoJanuwari kulo nyaka, uMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye noLwazi luhlengahlengisa uluvo lwentlalo malunga ne "Normative Conditions for New Energy Automobile Waste Comprehensive Battery Utilization", ephakamisa iimfuno eziqhelekileyo zokukhethwa kwendawo, ulawulo lokusetyenziswa kwamandla, njl.

yenkunkuma eguquguqukayo yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ekupheleni kukaJanuwari, iSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi, iKhomishini yoPhuhliso kunye noLungiso, iSebe loKhuseleko lweNdalo, iSebe lezoRhwebo, i-Quality Supervision Bureau, njl. Ukurisayikilishwa kweebhetri zokugcina amandla esithuthi sombane kuyenziwa, kusekwe inkqubo yokubuyisela ibhetri yamandla kunxibelelwano olunyukayo; ukuseka inkqubo yekhowudi yebhetri ye-lithium-ion ukuseka inkqubo yokulandelela.

Lawa ngamaxwebhu esisikhokelo samandla emoto entsha yamandla e-lithium-ion ibhetri yokuphinda isetyenziswe, kufuneka ihlaliswe ngokukhawuleza; kuyimfuneko ukwenza uyilo oluphezulu, ukucwangciswa ngokubanzi, ukuphucula ulawulo olusebenzayo ngenxa yeemeko zendawo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukugxila, inyathelo ngesinyathelo, ukukhuthaza inkunkuma yamandla e-lithium-ion iibhetri izixhobo I-Chemical, isikali, ukusetyenziswa kwexabiso eliphezulu, ukulinganisa ukuziphatha kweshishini, ukuthintela ukwakhiwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuveliswa ngokugqithiseleyo. Okwesibini, khuthaza uyilo lwendalo kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo lomjikelo wobomi. Uyilo lwe-Ecological lukwabizwa ngokuba yi "design", kumjikelezo wobomi obupheleleyo boyilo lwebhetri ye-lithium-ion, imveliso, ukusetyenziswa, i-scrap kunye nokuhlaziywa kwakhona, kubonisa ukugcinwa kwemithombo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo, ukuhambelana nokusingqongileyo; Ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo.

Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinobungozi, ngakumbi isinyithi esinzima. Nangona ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ingenayo i-mercury, i-cadmium, i-lead kunye nezinye izinto zetsimbi enzima, kodwa izinto ezintle kunye ne-electrode engalunganga, izisombululo ze-electrolyte zineempembelelo ezithile kwindalo engqongileyo, akufanele zihoywe. Ukudala iimeko zokuphinda zisetyenziswe, ulwahlulo, kunye nokusetyenziswa okupheleleyo, okufana nemathiriyeli ebhalwe izakhi zekhemikhali kumphezulu webhetri okanye imathiriyeli yokupakisha.

Ukuqwalasela ukunxitywa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion yamandla esetyenziswayo, ukuqokelela inkunkuma kunye nokuthutha, njl., Kungcono ukuprintwa kwizinto zokugqoka. Ukuqhuba iinkampani zokurisayikilisha ukuba zingene kwipaki yoshishino, qinisa ulawulo.

Ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion eguqukayo kufuneka kuphunyezwe. Yazisa izixhobo zokhuselo lokusingqongileyo ezikumgangatho ophambili wamazwe ngamazwe, ukuqonda ukususwa kothuli lwesibini kumsi okhokelayo, ilothe, njalo njalo, ukwenza i-100% yokukhutshwa okusemgangathweni.

Ukurisayikilishwa kwamanzi emvula kunye nogutyulo lwamanzi epaki, ukuphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, kunye nokwenza i-100% yamanzi amdaka ukukhupha okanye nokukhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngokuhambelana ne-ISO14000 kwiimfuno zolawulo lokusingqongileyo kwindawo yokusebenza, qinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi abazisi uthuli olulothe. Lungisa imveliso yabasebenzi kunye neendawo zokuphumla ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mpembelelo kwimpilo yabasebenzi.

Eyesithathu kukusebenzisa inkqubo ekhoyo yokurisayikilisha imathiriyeli okanye uthungelwano. Emva kwempembelelo enkulu kunye nenkqubo yohlengahlengiso, inkqubo yelizwe lam yokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona kwenkunkuma iye yahlala isuka kwi-Supply and Marketing Society ukuya kwiMathiriyeli kunye neNtengiso kunye noMbutho weNtengiso, kwaye emva koko uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwe-Intanethi + ukurisayikilisha kwakhona komthombo ngoku. UMphathiswa wezoRhwebo uxhasa ngemali okanye udibanisa uthungelwano lokurisayikilishwa kwezixhobo zokurisayikilisha kwilizwe jikelele.

Ezinye iindawo nazo zenze ubunye bokufikelela kwingqesho, ukudityaniswa kolawulo lwendawo emiselweyo, ubunye benombolo yokuphinda isetyenziswe, ubunye, ubunye bempahla, ubunye bemigangatho yezempilo, ulawulo lweakhawunti kunye nobunye benkunkuma nokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma, njl. IKomishoni yoPhuhliso noHlengahlengiso yeSizwe ixhasa ulingo "lwezimbiwa zasezidolophini", zenza inkqubo ehambelanayo yokurisayikilishwa. Ezinye izixhobo ezivuselelekayo ezifana nentsimbi, ezingenambala, iibhetri, nazo zenze uthungelwano lokurisayikilishwa kunye nenkokeli yenkampani.

Ezi zenze isiseko esiluqilima sokwenziwa ngokutsha kweebhetri zemoto zamandla amatsha, kwaye kufuneka zisebenzise ngokupheleleyo kunye nereferensi. Ukurisayikilishwa kweebhetri ze-lithium ion, kunokufunda kwindlela yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lead-acid. Ngokweemfuno zoMphathiswa wezoRhwebo, indlela yokuphinda isetyenziswe iyongezwa, ilawula indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu kunye neenkampani kwinkqubo yokubuyisela uluntu.

Ngenkqubo yenkampani yokurisayikilisha, iintlobo ezintsha zokurisayikilisha, ukwandisa iinkonzo zolwazi lokurisayikilisha. Dibanisa indlela yophuhliso lwekhabhoni ephantsi eluhlaza ye-Intanethi +, yenza iqonga lobuchwephesha lokurisayikilisha, yenza inkqubo entsha yokurisayikilisha esekwe kumandla ebhetri entsha yemoto ye-lithium-ion. Ngokomoya welizwe, ukubuyiswa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion entsha yemoto yamandla, ngokujongwa komgangatho, kunye nokusebenzisa idatha enkulu ukukhuthaza umgangatho weemveliso zebhetri ze-lithium ion.

Okwesine kukuvelisa imodeli yoshishino, ukukhuthaza imodeli yophuhliso loqoqosho ephindaphindwayo. Inkunkuma yeebhetri ze-lithium ion zinezixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Enye indlela kukusebenzisa.

Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezinamandla ezingaphantsi kwe-80%, zingasetyenziselwa kwezinye iindawo ze-vectors zombane ukuze zisebenzise ixabiso labo eliseleyo. Ukuba unokusetyenziswa njengesikhululo samandla sokugcina amandla egridi yamandla, indawo yokugcina amandla osapho, indawo yokugcina amandla enkampani, kunye nesithuthi esinesantya esiphantsi sombane, inkampani yebhayisekile yombane, ithemba linethemba. Iiplastiki ezilahlwayo, iipakethi zebhetri kunye nokupakishwa kufuneka zibuyiselwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ukusetyenziswa kwenyathelo lebhetri ye-lithium-ion kufuneka kuthathe ixabiso eliphantsi njengeyona nto iphambili yokuqwalaselwa, ngaphandle koko kuya kuwela kubunzima bokulandela izikhombisi zobugcisa kunye nokunganaki ixabiso leshishini, ukwenzela ukuba ukusebenza kwamanyathelo kunzima. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zamandla zisetyenziselwa kwintsimi yezikhululo zesiseko zonxibelelwano, njl., ekufuneka ziqinisekiswe ngokwemiqathango yokhuseleko, ukuzinza, njl.

Ixabiso lombane kwimizi-mveliso yombane liphezulu, ukuba unokonga umbane ebusuku, umbane emini, unokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegridi, kwaye unciphise iindleko zombane zenkampani. Nangona kunjalo, ngesiseko sohlalutyo lwezoqoqosho kunye novavanyo, qokelela amava ahambelanayo, ukuthintela phambili. Enye indlela kukusebenzisa njengenkunkuma ukulahla ngokuthe ngqo ukuqhawula, ukucokisa izinto ezahlukeneyo eziluncedo okanye imathiriyeli ekrwada, kunye nokuqonda ukurisayikilishwa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada.

Okwangoku, izinga lokuphinda lisetyenziswe kwizinto eziluhlaza lifikelele ngaphezu kwe-70%, kwaye ukubuyiswa kwebhetri ye-lead-asidi kungaphezulu kwe-95%. Ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion eziguquguqukayo kwi-teknoloji ayinayo iingxaki, kubalulekile ukulawula iindleko kunye nophuhliso lwemodeli yeshishini. Kukho imarike efanelekileyo yokwenza inzuzo yezoqoqosho, unokunciphisa ixabiso lebhetri ye-lithium-ion kwaye uguqule inkunkuma ibe yindyebo.

Kwindawo yaseBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei, ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kokusetyenziswa okubanzi kweebhetri zenkunkuma, ezidityaniswe namandla amatsha, amandla eTianjin, iTianjin Zhizhen kunye nezinye iinkampani ukuba ziqhube ngokudibeneyo ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Kwizakhiwo ezifanayo, kufuneka kubekho utshintsho lwesizwe ukuphepha uphuhliso olungaboniyo. Okwesihlanu kukuqinisa ukufana kokuphinda kusetyenziswe, uphando oluphambili lweteknoloji kunye nophuhliso.

Ngokubanzi, uphando lobuchwephesha kunye nophuhliso kunye nokukhuthazwa kwamandla ebhetri ye-lithium-ion, uphando lwelizwe lam lokuphinda lusetyenziswe kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezinamandla alwanelanga. Ukunikezelwa kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zebhetri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo, njenge-nickel, i-cobalt, umhlaba onqabileyo kunye nezinye izibonelelo, kunye neengxaki zongcoliseko ezinokuthi zenzeke ekuhlaziyweni kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kwi-scrap dynamic lithium-ion ibhetri, kunye nokwandisa uphando lweteknoloji kunye nophuhliso okwangoku inkxaso, imboni Ukuqwalasela iingxaki zokusombulula iingxaki. Ukuphucula inqanaba lobugcisa bemoto yamandla entsha ye-lithium-ion ibhetri yokuphinda isetyenziswe, ukwenza intsebenziswano yophando lwemveliso phakathi kwenkampani kunye neziko lophando, ukuphuhlisa iteknoloji esebenzayo, ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwe-lithium ion.

Emva koko, indawo kwi-Chemical Elements kwi-Gameprev izimisele ukuba i-lithium inomsebenzi onamandla wensimbi. Ukuphuhlisa ngokuqhubekayo iindlela zokuqhawula kunye nokusetyenziswa okuhambelana neebhetri ze-lithium ezisebenza ngamafutha, iibhetri ze-iron lithium ion, iibhetri ze-lead-carbon, iibhetri zobushushu obuphezulu, iibhetri ezijikelezayo, ii-supercapacitors, njl.

Yongeza inkqubo esweni oluzenzekelayo. Ngelixa ukhupha izinto eziluncedo, ukuphepha ukungcoliseka okungeyomfuneko kokusingqongileyo. Ukuphelisa izixhobo zokuqhawula inkunkuma yokuqala ye-asidi ye-semi-omatshini, yenza inkqubo yokuhlela yokutyumza ngokuzenzekelayo.

Iinkqubo ezikwinqanaba eliphambili le-predefinctancy yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko. Ukukhuthaza inkampani ukuba ishenxise isithando somlilo sokuqala, ukusulungekisa iziko, ukuphumeza isithuthi samandla esitsha samandla e-lithium-ion ibhetri yophuhliso lohlaza lwekhabhoni ephantsi. Ukukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo eqhelekileyo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe amandla ebhetri ye-lithium-ion.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, i-cobalt organte ebalulekileyo yelizwe lam, i-lithium manganese acid, i-lithium nickel-manganese acid, i-lithium iron phosphate, njl. Ukwakhiwa komzi-mveliso kufuneka kwakhona kubonise ukonga amandla, iimfuno zekhabhoni ephantsi, ukwakha umzi-mveliso wale mihla, hayi indawo yokupakisha elula. Ezintandathu lulwazi lwezobugcisa olunxulumene nokudizwa kweemfuno zogcino ezifanelekileyo.

Ngenxa yokuvuthwa kobugcisa kunye nokuzinza, kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa kunye nokulungisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zamandla emoto entsha. Ngokwenyani, iiseli ezisetyenzisiweyo zivela kubavelisi abohlukeneyo, iinkcukacha, okuthetha ukuba ukulungiswa okanye ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iipakethi zebhetri kufuneka kuqhawulwe ngokweendlela zoyilo ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zineebhetri ezahlukeneyo zoyilo lwesakhiwo kunye neendlela zoqhagamshelo lwemodyuli, kwaye inkqubo yetekhnoloji yahlukile.

Akunakwenzeka ukukhupha, ukulungisa okanye ukuphinda usebenzise umgca wokuhamba odibeneyo. Ukuba i-lithium ion ibhetri yesakhiwo, iteknoloji kunye nezobugcisa aziqhelanga, kuba i-voltage eseleyo iya kufikelela kumakhulu e-volts (ngaphandle kweebhetri ze-18650), kuya kuba yingozi xa kuchithwa. Inkqubo yebhetri yinkqubo yeekhemikhali eguqukayo nangaliphi na ixesha, kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali, iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo kunye neebhetshi, abavelisi abahlukeneyo, kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo yeemodyuli zebhetri ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.

Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ubomi obushiyekileyo bebhetri. Ukuba kukho kuphela idatha yokuqala yefektri, akukho ngxelo ecacileyo yokusetyenziswa, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yamandla ayicacanga, kwaye inkampani yokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi iya kutyala umsebenzi owongezelelweyo, kubandakanywa nokuvavanya, ukulinganisa, ukuhlalutya. Ngaphandle koku, idatha efunyenweyo ayichanekanga.

Ukwahlula imodyuli yebhetri, ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo akukwazi ukufumana iziphene zokhuseleko, ezifana nokutsalwa okuncinci, ukuvuza, isiphaluka esifutshane, ukusilela kwe-insulation, ukubola kweepali ezimbini, njl. Embindini, uya kushiya ingozi yokhuseleko. Ngoko ke, xa ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yamandla kufuneka ilungiswe, imimiselo echaphazelekayo yoMphathiswa wezoThutho iya kubhengezwa kwimimiselo efanelekileyo yoMphathiswa wezoThutho, ichaze iteknoloji efanelekileyo okanye ubugcisa bokugcinwa.

Isixhenxe ngumgaqo-nkqubo wenkuthazo wokuphuhlisa kunye nokwenza amandla ebhetri ye-lithium-ion. ilizwe lam likhuphe uluhlu lwamanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo ukukhuthaza izithuthi zamandla amatsha kwinkxaso-mali yokuthenga, iziseko ezingundoqo kunye nemimiselo eqhelekileyo. I-innovation iphuculwe kakhulu, iimpawu ezine zendlela entsha yokuhlanganiswa kwamashishini.

I-2015 "Umgaqo-nkqubo", ukuqokelela, ukuhlelwa, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa, ukusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo, ukuhlaziywa, ukubeka iliso kunye nokulawulwa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion eziguquguqukayo, kunye nokucima isifundo esinoxanduva kunye nendlela ebalulekileyo, efuna ukusekwa kwenkqubo yokulandelela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri zamandla e-lithium-ion ezitsha azikabikho imigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo, kwaye inkampani ayizange ibone amandla okuphinda ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yinto enenzuzo. Kwinkqubo, uqoqosho lokuqala lwesetyhula yepaki yokuqala e-Anhui Tunicion ibona ukubaluleka okukhulu kuqoqosho lwesetyhula ye-R <000000> D, imveliso, ukuhlaziya, kunye nophuhliso lwemodeli yoqoqosho lwesetyhula "yokuvelisa-recycling-re-use", exabisa isishwankathelo kunye nokukhuthazwa.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, eziyinkimbinkimbi kwaye azinayo imigangatho edibeneyo, kwaye iibhetri ezidla umhlalaphantsi kufuneka zisetyenziswe, kwaye kufuneka zibe nzima ngokuqhaqha, ukuhlenga kunye nokusekwa kwesibini, kunye nenkqubo yokuqhawula kunzima ukwenza ushishino. Njengoko iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zikhula ngokubanzi, isinyithi esikwazi ukuhlaziywa, ukunciphisa ungcoliseko olubangelwa yimo engqongileyo, ukunciphisa izibonelelo, njl., zineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zentlalo kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo.

I-Dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling ayiyona nje ibhotile emele iphulwe, kodwa enye yezinto eziphambili ezinxulumene nokuphuhliswa kwexesha elizayo leebhetri zamandla e-lithium-ion. Ngokumalunga nentlalo-ntle yoluntu, efana nophando lweteknoloji kunye nophuhliso, ukungenisa izixhobo ngaphandle, kunye nokuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo, kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo, amazwe kufuneka anike inkuthazo yomgaqo-nkqubo oyimfuneko. Isibhozo kukuqinisa ukudityaniswa, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso olunempilo lwamandla amatsha aguquguqukayo e-lithium-ion amashishini okuhlaziya ibhetri.

ishishini lelizwe lam elitsha leemoto kunye nophuhliso loshishino lokuphinda kusetyenziswe ibhetri ye-lithium-ion lubandakanye amasebe amaninzi. Ngokomzekelo, iSebe lezeNzululwazi kunye neTekhnoloji lixhasa iteknoloji entsha, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe ixhasa i-pilot "yezimbiwa zasezidolophini", iSebe lezoShishino kunye neTeknoloji yezoLwazi lixhasa ishishini, ngokukodwa amashishini asakhasayo anobuchule, iSebe lezoRhwebo lixhasa inkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe Ukwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza, uMphathiswa woKhuseleko lokuSingqongileyo ulawula ngokungqongqo ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo. Ekuphuhlisweni kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion entsha yemoto yamandla, ukudibanisa kufuneka kuqiniswe kwaye kutshintshe kwixesha elidlulileyo.

Ukuxhomekeka kwinyani yeendleko eziphantsi kunye nokhuphiswano olukhulu lwenkampani, khuthaza uphuhliso olunempilo lweshishini ukufezekisa iinjongo zokukhusela indalo esibhakabhakeni. Abasebenzi abaLawulayo, isekela lomhloli.