Matlafatsa mehato e robeli ea ho khutlisa matla a macha a betri ea koloi

著者：Iflowpower – Dodavatel přenosných elektráren

Ka ho phatloha ha likoloi tse ncha tsa matla, betri ea lithium-ion ea matla e tla eketseha ka potlako, &39;me e kene ka potlako nako ea likhahla. Liphuputso li fumane hore libeteri tsa lithium-ion tse lahliloeng li na le cobalt, manganese, koporo le litšepe tse ling tse boima, phekolo e fosahetseng ea tikoloho, esita le ho beha bophelo ba batho kotsing. Ho tloha ha naha ea heso e qala koloi e ncha ea matla "meralo ea Likete tse Leshome tsa Motse", 2009 ho isa 2015 e bokelletse likoloi tsa 497,000 likoloing tse ncha tsa matla.

Ka 2015, likoloi tse ncha tsa naha ea heso li ne li le 340,500, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse fetang limilione tse 60 lefatšeng. Palo ea sekhechana sa betri ea lithium-ion e bokelletse lithane tse ka bang 20,000 ho isa ho tse 40,000. Ka hona, mafapha a amehang a lokela ho lokisoa, &39;me ho tla ithutoa ho tsosolosoa ha likoloi tse ncha tsa matla a matla a lithium-ion.

Ntlha ea pele, eketsa ts&39;ebetsong ea lipolotiki. Ka 2012, "Energy Saving and New Energy Automobile Industry Development Plan" e hloka ka ho hlaka ntshetsopele ea mekhoa e matla ea taolo ea betri ea lithium-ion, ts&39;ebeliso e matla ea betri ea lithium-ion le sistimi ea taolo ea ho hlaphoheloa. Ka Pherekhong selemong sena, Lekala la Liindasteri le Tlhahisoleseding le hlophisa bocha maikutlo a sechaba mabapi le "Maemo a Tloaelehileng bakeng sa Ts&39;ebeliso e Felletseng ea Battery Automobile Waste Utilization", e fanang ka tlhahiso ea litlhoko tse tloaelehileng bakeng sa khetho ea sebaka, taolo ea tšebeliso ea matla, jj.

ea litšila tse matla tsa libeteri tsa lithium-ion. Qetellong ea Pherekhong, Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso, Khomishene ea Nts&39;etsopele le Phetoho, Lekala la Ts&39;ireletso ea Tikoloho, Lekala la Khoebo, Ofisi ea Tsamaiso ea Boleng, joalo-joalo. Ho tsosolosoa ha libeteri tsa polokelo ea matla a koloi ea motlakase ho etsoa, ​​​​ho theha mokhoa oa ho khutlisa betri ea matla bakeng sa ho hokahanya holimo; ho theha mokhoa o matla oa khouto ea betri ea lithium-ion ho theha mokhoa oa ho latella.

Tsena ke litokomane tse tataisang tsa matla a macha a matla a koloi ea lithium-ion battery recycling, e tlamehang ho fihla kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang; hoa hlokahala ho etsa moralo oa boemo bo holimo, moralo oa kakaretso, ho ntlafatsa ts&39;ebetso ea tsamaiso ka lebaka la maemo a sebaka seo, le ho khothalletsa ho tsepamisa maikutlo, mohato ka mohato, ho khothalletsa matla a litšila lithium-ion libeteri mehloli ea lik&39;hemik&39;hale, tekanyo, tšebeliso ea boleng bo phahameng, boitšoaro bo tloaelehileng ba indasteri, ho thibela ho hahoa khafetsa le ho feta. Ea bobeli, khothaletsa moralo oa tikoloho le taolo e felletseng ea potoloho ea bophelo. Moralo oa tikoloho o boetse o tsejoa e le "moralo", nakong ea bophelo bo felletseng ba moralo o matla oa betri ea lithium-ion, tlhahiso, ts&39;ebeliso, sekhechana le ho e sebelisa hape, e bonts&39;a poloko ea lisebelisoa le ts&39;ebeliso e nepahetseng, e bolokang tikoloho; Ho tsosolosa le ho sebelisoa ka botlalo.

Ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea lintho tse kotsi tse chefo, haholo-holo litšepe tse boima. Le hoja betri ea lithium-ion e se na mercury, cadmium, lead le lintho tse ling tse boima tsa tšepe, empa lisebelisoa tse ntle le tse mpe tsa electrode, litharollo tsa electrolyte li na le liphello tse itseng tikolohong ea tikoloho, ha lia lokela ho hlokomolohuoa. Ho theha maemo a ho sebelisoa hape, ho hlophisa, le ts&39;ebeliso e felletseng, joalo ka likarolo tsa lik&39;hemik&39;hale tse ngotsoeng holim&39;a betri kapa lisebelisoa tsa ho paka.

Ha ho nahanoa ka ho roala ha betri ea lithium-ion e sebelisoang, ho bokella litšila le lipalangoang, joalo-joalo, ho molemo ho hatisoa ka thepa ea ho apara. Ho khanna lik&39;hamphani tse recycleng ho kena serapeng sa boikhathollo sa indasteri, matlafatsa tsamaiso.

Ho tsosolosa le ho sebelisa betri ea lithium-ion e matla e lokela ho kenngoa ts&39;ebetsong. Hlahisa lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa machaba tsa ts&39;ireletso ea tikoloho, ho lemoha ho tlosoa ha lerōle la bobeli bakeng sa mosi oa loto, loto, joalo-joalo, etsa 100% ea tlhahiso e tloaelehileng.

Ho tsosolosa metsi a pula le likhoerekhoere serapeng sa boikhathollo, ho ntlafatsa sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea metsi, le ho etsa 100% ea metsi a litšila ho ntša kapa hona ho ntša mesi ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang. Ho ea ka ISO14000 litlhoko tsa taolo ea tikoloho sebakeng sa mosebetsi, etsa bonnete ba hore basebetsi ha ba tlise lerole la loto. Beakanya tlhahiso ea basebetsi le libaka tsa phomolo ho netefatsa hore ha ho na tšusumetso ho bophelo bo botle ba basebetsi.

Ea boraro ke ho sebelisa mokhoa o teng oa ho sebelisa litšila kapa marang-rang. Kamora &39;maloa a ts&39;usumetso e kholo le sistimi ea tokiso, sistimi ea naha ea heso ea ho sebelisa litšila e bile teng ho tloha Mokhatlong oa Phatlalatso le Papatso ho ea ho The Materials and Supply and Marketing Society, &39;me joale tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea Internet + recycle ea lisebelisoa tse nchafalitsoeng ke hona joale. Lekala la Khoebo ka lichelete kapa le kopanya marang-rang a phepelo ea lisebelisoa ho potoloha le naha.

Libaka tse ling hape li thehile bonngoe ba phihlello ea mesebetsi, kopano ea taolo ea libaka tse tsitsitseng, bonngoe ba nomoro ea ho tsosolosa, bonngoe, bonngoe ba liaparo, bonngoe ba litekanyetso tsa bophelo bo botle, tsamaiso ea akhaonto le bonngoe ba ho bokella litšila le litšila, joalo-joalo. Khomishene ya Naha ya Ntshetsopele le Ntjhafatso e tshehetsa tekolo ya "minerale ya ditoropong", e bopang mokgwa o tsamaellanang wa ho recycle. Lisebelisoa tse ling tse ka nchafatsoang joalo ka litšepe, tse se nang &39;mala, libeteri, le tsona li thehile marang-rang a ho hlasimolla le baetapele ba k&39;hamphani.

Tsena li thehile motheo o tiileng bakeng sa ho sebelisoa bocha ha libeteri tsa koloi tse nang le matla a macha, &39;me li lokela ho sebelisa ka botlalo le litšupiso. Ho tsosolosoa ha libeteri tsa lithium ion, ho ka ithuta ho tsoa tloaelong ea tsamaiso ea ho khutlisa betri ea lead-acid. Ho ea ka litlhoko tsa Lekala la Khoebo, ho eketsoa tsela ea ho tsosolosa, e laolang boitšoaro ba batho ka bomong le lik&39;hamphani tsamaisong ea ntlafatso ea sechaba.

Ka tsamaiso ea k&39;hamphani ea ho tsosolosa, mefuta e mecha ea ho tsosolosa, ho atolosa litšebeletso tsa tlhahisoleseding ea ho tsosolosa. Kopanya mokhoa oa nts&39;etsopele ea khabone e tlase ea Marang-rang +, theha sethala sa profeshenale sa ho e sebelisa hape, theha sistimi e ncha ea ho sebelisa hape e thehiloeng ho libeteri tse ncha tsa matla a koloi ea lithium-ion. Ho ea ka moea oa mmuso, retrospective ea matla a macha a betri ea lithium-ion, ka ho beha leihlo boleng, le ho sebelisa data e kholo ho khothaletsa boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa betri tsa lithium ion tse matla.

Ea bone ke ho qapa mokhoa oa khoebo, ho khothaletsa mohlala oa ntlafatso ea moruo o potolohang. Libetri tsa lithium ion tse matla li na le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng. Mokhoa o mong ke oa ho sebelisa.

Libetri tsa lithium-ion tse matla tse ka tlase ho 80%, li ka sebelisoa libakeng tse ling tsa li-vector tsa motlakase ho sebelisa boleng ba tsona bo setseng. Haeba o ka sebelisoa e le seteishene sa matla sa polokelo ea matla a marang-rang, setsi sa matla sa polokelo ea matla a lelapa, seteishene sa matla sa polokelo ea matla sa k&39;hamphani, le koloi ea motlakase e lebelo le tlase, k&39;hamphani ea libaesekele tsa motlakase, litebello li na le tšepo. Lipolasetiki tse senyehileng, lipakete tsa betri le liphutheloana li lokela ho khutlisoa ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.

Matla a lithium-ion betri mohato oa tšebeliso e tlameha ho nka litšenyehelo tse tlaase e le ntho e ka sehloohong ea ho nahanela, ho seng joalo e tla oela mathateng a ho phehella matšoao a theknoloji le ho hlokomoloha boleng ba khoebo, e le hore ho sebetsa ha mehato ho be thata. Libetri tsa lithium-ion tsa matla li sebelisoa tšimong ea liteishene tsa motheo tsa puisano, joalo-joalo, tse lokelang ho tiisetsoa ho latela ts&39;ireletso, botsitso, joalo-joalo.

Indasteri tlhōrō ea maqhubu a motlakase tlhōrōng ea theko ea motlakase e kholo, haeba u ka boloka motlakase bosiu, phepelo ea motlakase motšehare, e ka boela ea fokotsa khatello ea marang-rang, &39;me ea fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa motlakase tsa khampani. Leha ho le joalo, motheong oa tlhahlobo ea moruo oa tekheniki le tlhahlobo, bokella phihlelo e amanang le eona, ho thibela pele. Tsela e &39;ngoe ke ho e sebelisa e le litšila ho qhala ka ho toba, ho hloekisa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bohlokoa kapa lisebelisoa tse tala, le ho hlokomela ho tsosolosoa ha thepa e tala.

Hajoale, sekhahla sa ho sebelisoa hape ha thepa e tala se fihlile ho feta 70%, mme ho hlaphoheloa ha betri ea acid e etellang pele ho feta 95%. Ts&39;ebeliso e felletseng ea libeteri tse matla tsa lithium-ion theknoloji ha e na mathata, ea bohlokoa ke taolo ea litšenyehelo le nts&39;etsopele ea mohlala oa khoebo. Ho na le &39;maraka o loketseng ho etsa melemo e metle ea moruo, o ka fokotsa boleng ba betri ea lithium-ion le ho fetola litšila hore e be letlotlo.

Sebakeng sa Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, ts&39;ebeliso e felletseng ea ts&39;ebeliso e felletseng ea libeteri tsa litšila, e kopantsoeng le matla a macha, matla a Tianjin, Tianjin Zhizhen le lik&39;hamphani tse ling ho etsa ts&39;ebeliso e felletseng ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion tse matla. Bakeng sa meralo e ts&39;oanang, ho lokela ho ba le phetoho ea naha ho qoba nts&39;etsopele e foufetseng. Ea bohlano ke ho matlafatsa ho tloaeleha ha ho sebelisoa hape, lipatlisiso tsa bohlokoa tsa theknoloji le nts&39;etsopele.

Ka kakaretso, lipatlisiso tsa tekheniki le nts&39;etsopele le nts&39;etsopele ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion tsa matla, lipatlisiso tsa naha ea heso mabapi le libeteri tsa lithium-ion tse matla ha lia lekana. Ho fanoe ka lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa betri ea lithium-ion e matla, e kang nickel, cobalt, lefats&39;e le sa tloaelehang le lisebelisoa tse ling, le mathata a ka &39;nang a e-ba teng a tšilafalo a ka&39; nang a hlaha ha ho etsoa li-betri tsa lithium-ion ka har&39;a betri ea matla a matla a lithium-ion, le ho eketsa lipatlisiso tsa thekenoloji le tsoelo-pele hona joale ke tšehetso, indasteri Ho nahana ka ho rarolla mathata. Ntlafatsa boemo ba botekgeniki ba matla a macha a matla a koloi ea lithium-ion betri, ho etsa tšebelisano ea lipatlisiso tsa tlhahiso lipakeng tsa k&39;hamphani le setsi sa lipatlisiso, ho nts&39;etsapele mahlale a tsoetseng pele a sebetsang, haholo ts&39;ebeliso ea lithium ion.

Ha e le hantle, sebaka sa Chemical Elements ho Gameprev se ikemiselitse hore lithium e na le ts&39;ebetso e matla ea tšepe. Ho tsoela pele ho nts&39;etsapele mekhoa ea ho qhaqholla le ea ts&39;ebeliso e tsamaellanang le libeteri tsa lithium tse tsamaeang ka mafura, libeteri tsa tšepe tsa lithium ion, libeteri tsa lead-carbon, libeteri tse phahameng tsa mocheso, libeteri tse tsoelipanang, li-supercapacitor, joalo-joalo, ho ntlafatsa lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo, lits&39;ebeletso tsa thibelo le taolo, jj.

Kenya mokhoa oa ho beha leihlo o itekanetseng. Ha a ntse a ntša lintho tse molemo, ho qoba tšilafalo e sa hlokahaleng ea tikoloho. Ho felisa lisebelisoa tsa ho qhaqhoa tsa mochini oa semi-mochini oa pele oa lead-acid, etsa hore sistimi ea ho itlhopha ka boits&39;oaro e khonehe.

Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea predefinctancy ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea litšila. Ho khothaletsa k&39;hamphani ho felisa sebōpi sa pele sa peterole, sebopi se hloekisang, ho fihlela indasteri e ncha ea matla a koloi ea lithium-ion betri e nchafatsang khabone e tlase. Ho potlakisa kaho ea sistimi e tloaelehileng ea ho nchafatsa betri ea lithium-ion.

Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion, cobalt organte ea bohlokoa ea naha ea heso, lithium manganese acid, lithium nickel-manganese acid, lithium iron phosphate, joalo-joalo. Kaho ea feme le eona e lokela ho bonts&39;a litlhoko tsa ho boloka matla, khabone e tlase, ho aha feme ea sejoale-joale, eseng sebaka se bonolo sa ho bokella. Tšelela ke lintlha tsa tekheniki tse amanang le phatlalatso ea litlhoko tse nepahetseng tsa tlhokomelo.

Ka lebaka la kholo ea tekheniki le botsitso, hoa khonahala ho lemoha le ho lokisa libeteri tsa lithium-ion tsa matla a koloi e ncha. Ha e le hantle, lisele tse tsosolositsoeng li tsoa ho bahlahisi ba fapaneng, litlhaloso, ho bolelang hore ho lokisoa kapa ho sebelisoa hape ha lipakete tsa betri li lokela ho aroloa ho latela mekhoa e fapaneng ea moralo. Ntle le moo, mefuta e fapaneng e na le moralo o fapaneng oa sebopeho sa betri pakete le mekhoa ea khokahano ea module, mme theknoloji ea ts&39;ebetso e fapane.

Ho ke ke ha khoneha ho qhaqholla, ho lokisa kapa ho sebelisoa hape ka mohala oa phallo o qhaqhotsoeng. Haeba sebopeho se matla sa betri ea lithium ion, theknoloji le mesebetsi ea matsoho li sa tloaeleha, hobane motlakase o setseng o tla fihla ho makholo a li-volts (ntle le libeteri tsa 18650), ho tla ba kotsi ha ho qhaqha. Sistimi ea betri ke sistimi ea lik&39;hemik&39;hale e fetohang ka nako efe kapa efe, bakeng sa lits&39;ebetso tse fapaneng tsa lik&39;hemik&39;hale, litlhaloso tse fapaneng le lihlopha, bahlahisi ba fapaneng, le maemo a fapaneng a bophelo a li-module tsa betri ho netefatsa polokeho.

Tšebeliso e ncha ea betri ea lithium-ion le eona e lokela ho nahana ka bophelo bo setseng ba betri. Haeba ho na le data ea mantlha feela ea fektheri, ha ho na rekoto e qaqileng ea ts&39;ebeliso, betri ea lithium-ion ha e hlake, mme k&39;hamphani e felletseng ea ts&39;ebeliso e tla tsetela mosebetsi o eketsehileng, ho kenyelletsa tlhahlobo, mohlala, tlhahlobo. Leha ho le joalo, data e fumanoeng ha se hakaalo hore e nepahetse.

Ho khetholla mojule oa betri, tlhahlobo ea pono e ke ke ea fumana liphoso tsa polokeho, joalo ka ho ntšoa hanyane, ho lutla, potoloho e khuts&39;oane, ho hloleha ho kenya letsoho, kutu ea lipalo tse peli, jj. Bohareng, u tla siea kotsi ea polokeho. Ka hona, hang ha betri ea lithium-ion ea matla e lokela ho lokisoa, lipehelo tse amehang tsa Lekala la Lipalangoang li tla senoloa ho lipehelo tse amehang tsa Lekala la Lipalangoang, ho senola mahlale a amehang kapa mesebetsi ea matsoho ea tlhokomelo.

Supa ke leano la khothatso bakeng sa ho nts&39;etsapele le ho etsa matla a matla a lithium-ion betri. naha ya heso e ntshitse letoto la mehato ya leano la ho kgothaletsa makoloi a matjha a matla ho dithuso tsa dithuso tsa theko, meralo ya motheo le ditlwaelo tse tlwaelehileng. Boqapi bo ntlafalitsoe haholo, litšobotsi tse &39;ne tsa mokhoa o mocha oa ho kopanya indasteri.

2015 "Leano", pokello, lihlopha, polokelo, lipalangoang, ts&39;ebeliso ea mehato, nchafatso, tsamaiso le tsamaiso ea litšila tse matla tsa libeteri tsa lithium-ion, le ho hlakola taba e ikarabellang le mokhoa oa bohlokoa, o hlokang ho thehoa ha tsamaiso ea traceability. Leha ho le joalo, ho nchafatsoa ha libeteri tsa lithium-ion tsa matla a macha ha ho so be le maano a khothatso, mme k&39;hamphani ha e so bone matla a betri ea lithium-ion ke ntho e nang le phaello. Ts&39;ebetsong, moruo oa pele oa selikalikoe oa serapa sa pele sa Anhui Tunicion o nka bohlokoa bo boholo ho moruo o chitja oa R <000000> D, tlhahiso, recycling, le nts&39;etsopele ea "manufacturing-recycling-re-use" mohlala oa moruo oa selikalikoe, o lokelang ho akaretsa le ho phahamiswa.

Ho na le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion, tse rarahaneng ebile ha li na litekanyetso tse kopaneng, &39;me libeteri tse tlohetseng mosebetsi li lokela ho sebelisoa,&39; me li hloka ho rarahana ka ho qhaqhoa, ho hlopha le sete ea bobeli, mme ts&39;ebetso ea ho qhaqha e thata ho phethahatsa indasteri. Kaha libeteri tsa lithium-ion li ntse li eketseha ka bophara, tšepe e ka sebelisoang hape, e fokotsa tšilafalo e bakoang ke tikoloho, e fokotsa lisebelisoa, joalo-joalo, e na le melemo ea bohlokoa ea sechaba le melemo ea tikoloho.

Matla a matla a ho tsosolosa betri ea lithium-ion hase feela botlolo e tlamehang ho robeha, empa hape ke e &39;ngoe ea litaba tsa mantlha tse amanang le tsoelo-pele ea nakong e tlang ea matla a macha a matla a likoloi tsa libeteri tsa lithium-ion. Mabapi le boiketlo ba sechaba, joalo ka lipatlisiso le nts&39;etsopele ea thekenoloji, thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha, le thekenoloji ea ho tsosolosa lisebelisoa le nts&39;etsopele ea lisebelisoa, linaha li lokela ho fana ka likhothatso tse hlokahalang tsa leano. Borobeli ke ho matlafatsa kopanyo, ho khothaletsa nts&39;etsopele e phetseng hantle ea liindasteri tse ncha tsa matla a matla a matla a lithium-ion.

indasteri ea naha ea heso e ncha ea matla a likoloi le nts&39;etsopele ea indasteri e matla ea ho sebelisa betri ea lithium-ion e kenyelelitse mafapha a mangata. Ka mohlala, Lekala la Saense le Theknoloji tšehetsa theknoloji e ncha, Komisi ea Naha ea Ntšetso-pele le Phetoho e tšehetsa sefofane sa "minerale ea litoropong", Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso le tšehetsa indasteri, haholo-holo liindasteri tse ntseng li hlaha, Lekala la Khoebo le tšehetsa tsamaiso ea ho tsosolosa Kaho le ts&39;ebetso, Lekala la Tšireletso ea Tikoloho le laola ka thata ho sireletsa tikoloho. Ho nts&39;etsopele ea matla a macha a matla a likoloi tsa betri tsa lithium-ion, ho kopanya ho lokela ho matlafatsoa le ho fetoloa nakong e fetileng.

Ho itšetlehile ka &39;nete ea theko e tlaase le tlhōlisano e kholo ea k&39;hamphani, ho khothalletsa tsoelo-pele e phetseng hantle ea indasteri ho finyella lipakane tsa tšireletso ea tikoloho ea leholimo. Basebetsi ba tsamaiso, motlatsi oa mohlahlobi.