UMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi uzokwengamela ibhethri le-lithium lamandla ukuze libuyisele zonke izinhlobo zabadlali kuma-humps namakhekhe amakhulu ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-600

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Mea Hoolako Uku Uku

Ngokufika kwamabhethri amasha okugcina amandla emoto yamandla, ukwakhiwa kwesistimu yokuvuselela ibhethri ye-lithium yasekhaya sekuseduze. Uchungechunge lwezinqubomgomo ezifana ne- "Izinyathelo Zesikhashana Zokuphatha I-New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling Management", ezikhishwe eMnyangweni Wezobuchwepheshe we-2018, zibonise ukuthi "ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium" sekuzongena esigabeni sokuphatha ukumisa, futhi ngoFebhuwari 22 kulo nyaka. Umnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi umemezele "Umbiko Wokucwaninga Wokugaywa Kabusha Kwebhethri Yamandla Emoto Yamandla Ezimoto" (ngemuva kwalokhu okuzobizwa ngokuthi "Umbiko Wophenyo").

Ukugxila "Ekugayweni Kabusha Kwebhethri Yamandla", yonke imikhakha yempilo nayo yethule ingxoxo efudumele. UMkhandlu Kazwelonke ka-2019 uphakanyiswe ngokucacile esihlokweni esithi "isiphakamiso sokusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa ukuze kwakhiwe iketanga lenani elisha lamandla e-lithium amandla ebhethri", ukwakhiwa, isitoreji esiphakathi nendawo, ukuqoqa, ukuhlonza, ukuqoqa, ilogo, ukupakisha, ukuthutha, nokunikezela okuqokiwe, ukuhlukaniswa kwephuzu elingaguquki, njll., ukwethula uchungechunge lwezindlela zokulawula.

Iyingqayizivele. Ku-Chongqing "Amaseshini Amabili" ka-2019, uZheng Tao Xiong, iPhini likaMongameli, iChongqing University of Political Consultative Consultative Engineering, iChongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi inkinga yokuvuselela nokucubungula amandla ebhethri ye-lithium, "Okwamanje, ibhethri yemoto yamandla entsha iqukethe i-mercury, i-caeld ne-copper yensimbi i-sulfuric acid compounds, izinkinga zokubuyisela kanye nokwelashwa azikwazi ukushaywa indiva. "Inethiwekhi yamanje yokuvuselela ibhethri ye-lithium yasekhaya ayikakhululeki, futhi ziningi" izimoto zangaphambili ".

Isibonelo, kunokuningi ukushoda kwezindawo zokucobelelana ngolwazi zomuntu ngamunye nezincane embonini yokutholwa kwebhethri ene-asidi eholayo, okuholela ekubuyiseni okungekho emthethweni kokugaywa kabusha okungekho emthethweni, ama-asidi alahlwa ngokuqondile adala ukungcola okukhulu. "Ekusebenzeni kwangempela, imodeli yebhizinisi etholwe yibhethri ye-lithium yamandla ayivuthiwe. Amandla amanje okugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium asesigabeni sokuqala, futhi umkhiqizi wamaketango wezimboni unenzuzo, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni okuhamba kancane kwalo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni.

"Izwe lami i-Tail Tower Co., Ltd. (okuzobizwa kamuva ngokuthi" i-My country Tower ") umuntu ophethe igatsha lendawo u-frank.

"Ekuhambeni kwesikhathi, indawo yokuvuselela kabusha iyingxenye ebalulekile yemboni yezimoto zamandla amasha, ngoba usayizi wemakethe awukafiki, le ndawo okwamanje igxile ezindaweni zokugcina ubuchwepheshe futhi ithola izixazululo ezisebenza kangcono. U-Li Dan, iphini likamongameli we-Shenzhen Bike Power Lithium Battery Co., Ltd.

, Esho engxoxweni nentatheli ebhekelela ezomnotho. Inqubomgomo ikhuthaza isistimu yokugaya kabusha ukuthi isheshise idatha yakamuva evela "Kumbiko Wophenyo". ibhethri lezwe lami lokugcina amandla lingaphezu kuka-131GWH, futhi isikali sezimboni sihamba phambili.

Ohlotsheni olusekelayo, i-lithium iron phosphate namabhethri e-ternary ngokulandelana afinyelela ku-54%, 40%, ngokulandelana. Ngokwesimo, isikwele, isilinda, isikhwama esithambile cishe esingama-78.7%, 20.

6%, 0.7%. Ibhethri elikhulu kangaka lamandla lifikile esikhathini sokuthatha umhlalaphansi, uma ungalahli kahle futhi wandise ukusetshenziswa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izosongela ukuphepha komphakathi, okubangela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okunzima, ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi ngezinsiza zensimbi eziyigugu.

Imfucuza. "Ibhethri yokugcina amandla kadoti ingenza ukungcoliswa kwensimbi esindayo, kanti ezinye izici ze-electrolyte zizophinde zibangele i-fluorofluorocride ngisho nokungcoliswa kwamanzi, kube usongo endaweni ezungezile nempilo yomuntu siqu. Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwebhethri yokugcina amandla, izinsimbi ezifana ne-lithium, i-nickel, i-cobalt, i-manganese kanye nomhlaba ongavamile ebhethrini nazo zizobangela ngokuqondile ukuchithwa okukhulu kwezinsiza.

"Umbiko Wophenyo" ukhombe. Ngakho-ke, inqubomgomo kazwelonke yokutholwa kwamabhethri okugcina amandla isheshiswa kakhulu. Okokuqala ngoFebhuwari 2018, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ngokuhlanganyela wakhipha "Izinyathelo Zesikhashana Zokuphathwa Kwebhethri Entsha Yamandla Emoto Yamandla Kagesi", wasungula uhlelo lokunwetshwa kwesibopho somuntu okhiqizayo, wasungula uhlelo lolwazi olulandelekayo lwebhethri yokugcina amandla, okukhuthaza eyokuqala ngemva kokusetshenziswa ngemva kokulungiswa kabusha.

Ngo-August, "Road Motor Vehicle Production Co., Ltd. kanye nesaziso somkhiqizo" sicacisa ngokusobala ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yebhethri ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yebhethri ukuze kusetshenziswe ukuphathwa kokulandeleka, ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri le-lithium okuguquguqukayo esigabeni sokusebenzisa phansi.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke, izindlela ezithuthukiswe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zicophelela kakhulu. Isibonelo, u-Shenzhen uhlongoza inkampani ethengisa izimoto zamandla amasha, ngokusho kwento ekhethekile ejwayelekile engu-20 yuan / kW, imali yenkampani yokuvuselela kabusha, eye yathunyelwa enkampanini, ngokuvumelana nezidingo zebhethri yokugcina amandla, ngokusho kocwaningomabhuku, 50% yenani Nikeza uxhaso lwenkampani, izimali zokuxhasa amabhethri okugcina amandla. I-Shenzhen iphinde yaba idolobha lokuqala ukusungula uxhaso oluguquguqukayo lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium.

Okufanelekile ukunakwa ukuthi kusukela esimweni sokuthola kabusha kwenkampani, kubhethri yokugcina amandla egaywe kabusha yamanje, esekelwe "Kulahlwa kwebhethri yesitoreji samandla ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizeni ibhethri", kanye nebhethri elincane lamandla omhlalaphansi wemoto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba abasebenzisi bomuntu siqu kancane kancane sebephenduke inkampani yabathengi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla, ukubuyiswa kwamabhethri asetshenziselwe umhlalaphansi nakho kancane kancane kuphenduke "kubasebenzisi bomuntu siqu". U-Tang Hongwei, uMphathi Jikelele we-Changsha Team Technology Co.

, Ltd. ibambe iqhaza ekuhwebeni kwezimoto ezintsha, ikholelwa ukuthi ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubomgomo zemixhaso kazwelonke kanye nokwenza ngcono kancane kancane kwezindawo zokushaja, ukukhuphuka kwemakethe yezimoto zamandla entsha yaseShayina kancane kancane kuzosusa ukuqondisa okuvela emphakathini. Iqhutshwa yizinkampani ezizimele, imakethe yezimoto zabagibeli yamandla amasha izongena esikhathini sokukhula ngesivinini esikhulu.

Ngokuqondene nebhethri eselithathe umhlalaphansi, libonisiwe ku-"Electric Vehicle Power Battery Recycling Technology Policy", okungukuthi, "Ubani onomthwalo wemfanelo, ngubani ongcolisa". Lokhu kusho futhi ukuthi inkampani enamandla ekhiqiza ibhethri ye-lithium kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimoto kufanele kube nesibopho sokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium. "Umbiko Wophenyo" futhi ubonisa ukuthi izinkampani ezikhiqiza izimoto zakha uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

Njengamanje, izinkampani ezingama-45 ezifana ne-Beiqi New Energy kanye ne-Guangzhou Auto Mitsubishi sezisungule izindawo zokudayisa ezingu-3204 zokugaywa kabusha. Kubalulekile ukugxila esifundeni saseBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei, unxantathu omude, iPearl River Delta kanye nezimoto zamandla amaphakathi, futhi kubalulekile esitolo se-4S. Phrezenta.

"Njengenethiwekhi yesevisi yokuthengisa yefekthri yezimoto, isitolo se-4S sinezinzuzo zayo, kukhona okungahambi kahle, iningi lesitolo se-4S lakhiwe endaweni yasemadolobheni, indawo yokugcina ibhethri yemfucuza ilinganiselwe, ngokuyinhloko ngaphandle kwezimoto ezintsha, ezibonisa izimoto zesampula aziningi kakhulu indawo yokugcina Lawa mabhethri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitolo se-4S ngokuvamile asifinyeleli ezingeni lomlilo ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke, futhi ngokuyisisekelo asihlangabezani nale mfuneko. "UZhao Xiaoyong, umphathi jikelele weBeijing uthe i-US Resource Rehabilitation Research Institute Co.

, Ltd., wazwakalisa ukukhathazeka kwakhe. Abadlali bochungechunge lwezimboni bavumile kusihlwa ngoFebhuwari 11, Guanghua Technology (002741.

sz) umemezele ukuthi isivumelwano sokubambisana nemoto yabagibeli yakwaChery Wanda Guizhou, futhi izinhlangothi zombili zizosebenza ekubuyiseni ibhethri elimoshayo namandla okuphinda agaywe kabusha amandla e-lithium. Ukubambisana. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, i-Guanghua Technology iphinde yasayina isivumelwano sokubambisana esifanayo ne-Guangxi Huaao, i-Nanjing Jinlong nezinye izinkampani zezimoto.

Ukuqondisa uhlelo lokubuyisela ibhethri lamandla asekhaya ekwakhiweni kwaleli "khekhe elisha", okubandakanya izinkampani zezimoto, amabhethri e-lithium yamandla, izinkampani zezinkampani zangaphandle kanye nezinkampani ezibalwe emngceleni kanye namanye amasheya amaningi aqala ukubeka. Ngokuya "Ngombiko Wocwaningo", kukhona amamodeli amabili kusistimu esakhiwe kabusha yebhethri yesitoreji samandla esakhiwe manje. Enye iwukuhola ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizi wamashaneli okuthengisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamashaneli okuthengisa ukuze kwakhiwe isistimu yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri eselithathe umhlalaphansi, futhi kusetshenziswe kabusha inkampani ebanzi yokunikezelwa kwebhethri eseyithathe umhlalaphansi ephethwe noma Futhi ukusebenzisana kwabo kusebenzisa inani elisele lebhethri; enye ingxenye yesithathu njengendikimba eyinhloko, ileli, ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwenkampani kanye nezimoto, inkampani yokukhiqiza amabhethri, ukwakha inethiwekhi yesevisi yokugaya kabusha okwabelwana ngayo, ibhethri elisha lenkampani yamandla eliseceleni eliphakathi nendawo.

Kubikwa ukuthi lapho umthamo webhethri lamandla wehliswa waba ngu-80% noma ngaphansi, akwenzeki ukuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nesidingo samandla emoto, kodwa ingasetshenziswa kwezinye izinkambu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yenani elincane lebhethri yokugcina amandla, iladi lisetshenziswa esiteji sokubonisa sokuhlola, esigxile emikhakheni kagesi, ukugcinwa kwamandla. "Nge-BAC ngo-2012, i-Beiqi Midi Pure Electric New Energy Taxi Recycling Project (Imoto Yamandla Entsha e-China) ikhombisa ukuthi amabhethri amasha anamandla afinyelela isikhathi esithile sokuthatha umhlalaphansi, kukhona u-60% kuya ku-80% Inani elisele lamandla ayinsalela lingakwazi ukusebenzisa iladi lokuqala lalo lonke iphakethe.

"U-Li Dan wethule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ububanzi nendawo yesitebhisi kubuye kuhlaziywe ukungafuni ukubika izintatheli embikweni wokubheka umnotho. "Okwamanje, iladi lisebenzisa izinhlelo ezibalulekile zamabhethri e-ion ye-lithium iron phosphate.

Isiteshi sesisekelo sokuxhumana siyisigcawu esingcono kakhulu esisetshenziswa ileli yebhethri ye-lithium eguquguqukayo, futhi isitoreji samandla esistimu yamandla futhi iyisitebhisi sokusebenzisa isikhala esikhulu sohlelo lokusebenza. Lesi sitebhisi kulindeleke ukuthi sibe yisona esikhethwayo kwezinye ibhethri lemoto kagesi enesivinini esiphansi. "Umbhoshongo wensimbi wokuthengwa kwamabhethri e-lead-acid kusukela ngo-2018, usuvele" uhola izimvu "ezikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion.

Idatha yakamuva ibonisa ukuthi, kusukela manje, i-Tower yezwe lami yenze iladi lokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokulungisa amabhethri ezifundazweni nasemadolobheni angama-31, futhi yaqinisa ukwanda kwebhizinisi ekulungiseleleni, ukugcinwa kwamandla kanye nezicelo zangaphandle zokuphehla ugesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-State Grid iphinde izame ukwakha isitebhisi esingu-1MWH, isebenzisa iphrojekthi yokubonisa isistimu yokugcina amandla ebhethri ye-phosphate ion, esetshenziselwa ukwamukela ukuphehlwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokushintshwa kwemvamisa. I-Shenzhen BYD (53.

800, 0.00, 0.00%), i-China Xuan Quanke (17.

090, 0.00%) kanye nezinye izinkampani zenze iladi elisebenza ekwenzeni ikhophi yasenqolobaneni, indawo yokugcina amandla okonga indawo, ezinye izinkampani futhi zaqala nokuhlola " Imodeli yebhizinisi entsha enendali yerenti. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi kusukela ekwakhiweni kwemvelo, ukulawulwa kokukhiqiza kuya ekwabelaneni ngolwazi, kusenezinkinga eziningi emkhakheni wesitebhisi, njengokukhetha okuluhlaza, ukumisa nokuklama okuhlukahlukene, ukudiliza ukwakheka kwesakhiwo okulula, nezindlela ezilula, njll.

Kusenomehluko ohlukile ekuhambisaneni kwamabhethri okugcina amandla; izinkampani ezansi nomfula ochungechungeni lwezimboni azizange zenze izindlela zokwabelana ngezinsiza ezibalulekile zezivumelwano zokuxhumana, idatha yomlando; ubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa isitebhisi busenazo izithiyo zobuchwepheshe. Okumangalisayo ukuthi ukusetshenziswa komthengisi kusesesiteji sokuhlola, futhi ukuvuselelwa kwebhethri yemfucuza kusebenzisa imboni iye yakha isikali esithile. "Hubei Greenmei (4.

720, 0.00%), Hunan Bangpu, Guangdong Guanghua, Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt (38.500, 0.

00%), ummeleli wenkampani omelwe yi-Jiangxi Hapeng, unekhono elikhulu lokusebenzisa elivuselelekayo. Ukusetshenziswa Okuvuselelekayo Le nkampani yakhiwe ngezinto zikagesi ezilahlwayo, futhi inokuthuthukiswa kwezincibilikisi zensimbi ezingenayo ayoni. "Umbiko Wophenyo" ukhombe.

Ngokukhethekile, ukuhlakazwa, u-Hubei Greenmei, u-Hunan Bangpu, njll., kusungule ikhithi yokuhlakaza ezenzakalelayo, i-Beijing Saidi ithuthukise inqubo yokuhlehlisa i-electrolyte ne-diaphragm. Ukuvuselelwa kusebenzisa umthetho we-metallurgy omanzi kanye nokulungisa umzimba.

Mayelana ne-metallurgy emanzi, i-Hunan Bangpu ithuthukise ubuchwepheshe "bokujikeleza kokuqondisa kanye nokuhlehla komkhiqizo", u-Hubei Greenmei uthuthukise ubuchwepheshe "bokuhlanganisa i-liquid phase synthesis kanye nokushisa okuphezulu". Mayelana nokulungisa umzimba, iSaidi izenzakalela nge-monomer yebhethri, futhi ihlukaniswa futhi ihlungwe ngezinqubo zokulungisa izinto. Nokho, imboni eshiwo ngenhla isenezinga lokutakula elingelona eliphezulu, futhi ukuhambisana kokutholwa kwamabhethri amaningi akuqinile.

Kuze kube manje, ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamazwe afanelekile namazinga emboni kusakhula ngesivinini. “Kusadingeka ukuthi kwakhiwe uhlelo olusetshenziswa yizimboni zasekhaya. Iqoqo lokuqala lezinkampani ezithobelana nokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezindinganiso zemboni yebhethri ye-lithium enamandla, kanye nabakhiqizi abajwayelekile ababalulekile basekhaya kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri yinkampani yesithathu egaya kabusha.

Kulindeleke ukuthi umfelandawonye wamasu kanye nokubambisana ochungechungeni lwemboni yesikhathi esizayo lujule kakhulu. Kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2025, ukuthengiswa kwamandla ebhethri ye-lithium kulindeleke ukuthi kudlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-60. "Iphephandaba elibikayo elivela eGuohai Securities (5.

860, 0.00%). "Kunemikhiqizo engaphezu kuka-500 yamandla e-lithium battery (PACK) emakethe, kanye nokucaciswa okuhlukile okungaphezu kuka-1400, ukuya esitebhisini, umsebenzi wokuvuselela kabusha ulethe ubunzima obuningi, futhi sithemba ukuthi izwe lizodinga imboni yamabhethri e-lithium ahlangene.

Dizayina amazinga okukhiqiza emikhiqizo yesistimu, okuhlanganisa usayizi namandla, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunconywa ukuthi umbuso uzoqondisa ngempumelelo abathengi kusukela kuzinqubomgomo, uxhaso kanye namanye amazinga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhleleka kwamabhethri amasha okugcina amandla emoto, okuqondisa abathengi ukuthi bathumele iziteshi ezivamile zokuphatha amabhethri alahlwayo. "Kuphakanyiswe uLi Dan.

.