Ucwaningo kanye nenqubekelaphambili yokubuyiswa kwensimbi kumabhethri e-lithium ion

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Портативті электр станциясының жеткізушісі

Amandla kanye nemvelo yizinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu ebezilokhu zibhekene nekhulunyaka lama-21, ukuthuthukiswa kokuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha kanye nezinsiza kuyisisekelo nesiqondiso sentuthuko yomuntu esimeme. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswe kabanzi ngenxa yekhwalithi yokukhanya, ivolumu encane, ukuzikhipha, akukho mphumela wememori, ububanzi obubanzi bokushisa okusebenzayo, ukushaja okusheshayo nokukhipha, impilo ende yesevisi, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nezinye izinzuzo. I-Whittingham yasekuqaleni yenza ibhethri yokuqala ye-lithium-ion isebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Li-TIS, ngo-1990, ithuthukiswe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 kusukela ngo-1990, yenza intuthuko enkulu.

Ngokwezibalo, inani eliphelele lebhethri ye-lithium-ion ezweni lami ngoJuni 2017 lalingamabhiliyoni ayi-8.99, ngenani elikhulayo lokukhuphuka lika-34.6%.

Amazwe ngamazwe, amabhethri e-lithium-ion emkhakheni wamandla we-aerospace angena esigabeni sokufaka isicelo sobunjiniyela, futhi ezinye izinkampani neminyango yezempi emhlabeni ziye zathuthukiswa endaweni yamabhethri e-lithium-ion, njenge-United States, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), I-EAGLE -Picher inkampani yebhethri, i-France SAFT, i-JAXA yaseJapane, njll. Ngokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwamabhethri e-lithium ion, kuba nenani elikhulayo lamabhethri alahlwayo. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngaphambi nangemva kuka-2020, okuwukuphela kwemoto kagesi ehlanzekile yezwe lami (kuhlanganise ne-plug-in) yomgibeli kanye ne-hybrid yemoto yomgibeli amandla ebhethri ye-lithium ibe yi-12-77 million T.

Nakuba ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ibizwa ngokuthi ibhethri eluhlaza, ayikho into eyingozi njenge-Hg, i-PB, kodwa impahla yayo enhle, isixazululo se-electrolyte, njll., ebangela ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwemvelo, futhi iphinde ibangele ukuchithwa kwezinsiza. Ngakho-ke, buyekeza isimo senqubo yokwelashwa kokutholwa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, futhi ifingqa isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokutakula ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, inokubaluleka okusebenzayo okubalulekile.

Ingxenye ebalulekile yebhethri ye-lithium-ion ihlanganisa indlu, i-electrolyte, i-anode material, i-cathode material, i-adhesive, i-foil yethusi, ne-aluminium foil, nokunye okunjalo. Phakathi kwazo, i-CO, i-Li, i-Ni ingxenyenamba enkulu ingu-5% kuya ku-15%, 2% kuya ku-7%, 0.5% kuya ku-2%, kanye nezakhi zensimbi ezifana ne-Al, Cu, Fe, kanye nenani lezingxenye ezibalulekile, i-anode Izinto ezibonakalayo kanye ne-cathode zenza cishe u-33% no-10%, kanti i-electrolyte ne-diaphragm i-30% ene-akhawunti ehloniphekile futhi engu-32% enenhlonipho.

Izinsimbi ezibalulekile ezitholiwe kumabhethri e-lithium ion kadoti yi-Co ne-Li, ifilimu ye-cobalt ye-lithium ebalulekile egxilile ezintweni ze-anode. Ikakhulukazi emithonjeni ye-cobalt yezwe lami impofu kakhulu, ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kunzima, futhi ingxenye enkulu ye-cobalt kumabhethri e-lithium-ion ibalelwa ku-15%, okuyizikhathi ezingu-850 ezihambisana nezimayini ze-cobalt. Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwe-LiCoO2 ibhethri ye-lithium ion yezinto ezibonakalayo, equkethe i-lithium cobalt organte, i-lithium hexafluorophosphate, i-organic carbonate, i-carbon material, ithusi, i-aluminium, njll.

, okuqukethwe kwensimbi okubalulekile kukhonjiswe kuThebula 1. Ukusetshenziswa kwenqubo emanzi ukwelapha amabhethri e-lithium-ion angcolile okwamanje kufundwa izinqubo eziningi, futhi ukugeleza kwenqubo kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 1. Okuhlangenwe nakho okubalulekile 3 izigaba: 1) Cindezela ibhethri le-lithium ion elitholiwe ukuze liyikhiphe ngokuphelele, ukuhlukanisa okulula, njll.

Izinto ze-electrode ezitholwe ngemva kokwelashwa kwangaphambili zichithwa, ukuze izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene nezinhlanganisela zayo zibe uhlobo lwe-ion ku-liquid leaching; I-3) Ukuhlukaniswa nokubuyiselwa kwensimbi ebalulekile kusixazululo se-leaching, lesi sigaba siyisihluthulelo sokuchitha izinqubo zokwelashwa kwebhethri ye-lithium ion Kubuye kugxilwe nobunzima babacwaningi iminyaka eminingi. Njengamanje, indlela yokuhlukanisa nokubuyisela ibalulekile ngokukhipha i-solvent, imvula, i-electrolysis, indlela yokushintshanisa i-ion, i-salting kanye ne-etiology. 1.

I-1, imfucuza yangaphambi kukagesi kagesi osele, ingxenye esele yebhethri ye-ion, ikhishwa kahle ngaphambi kokucubungula, ngaphandle kwalokho amandla asele azogxila ekushiseni okukhulu, okungabangela imiphumela emibi njengezingozi zokuphepha. Indlela yokukhipha imfucuza yebhethri ye-lithium ion ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili, okuwukuphuma komzimba kanye nokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali. Phakathi kwazo, ukukhishwa okungokomzimba kuwukuphuma kwesiyingi esifushane, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa i-nitrogen ewuketshezi nolunye uketshezi oluqandisayo ukuze kube ukuqandisa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, bese ucindezela imbobo yokukhipha ngenkani.

Ezinsukwini zakuqala, i-Umicore, i-US Umicore, i-TOXCO isebenzisa i-nitrogen ewuketshezi ukuze ikhiphe ibhethri ye-lithium ion imfucuza, kodwa le ndlela iphakeme kumishini, ayifanele izicelo zezimboni ezinkulu; ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali kusisombululo esisebenzayo (engeziwe Khipha amandla ayinsalela ku-electrolysis kuzixazululo ze-NaCl. Ekuqaleni, uNan Junmin, njll., wabeka ibhethri le-lithium ion le-monomer imfucuza esitsheni sensimbi samanzi ne-electron conductive agent, kodwa njengoba i-electrolyte yebhethri ye-lithium ion iqukethe i-LiPF6, ukusabela kwabonakala ngokuthintana namanzi.

I-HF, ilimaza imvelo kanye nabaqhubi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwenza ukucwiliswa kwe-alkaline ngokushesha ngemva kokukhishwa. Eminyakeni yakamuva, i-Song Xiuling, njll. I-concentration ye-2g / L, isikhathi sokukhipha ngu-8h, i-voltage yokuhlanganisa yokugcina iyancipha ibe ngu-0.

I-54V, ihlangabezana nezidingo zokukhishwa okuluhlaza okusebenzayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izindleko zokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali ziphansi, ukusebenza kulula, kungahlangabezana nokusetshenziswa kokukhishwa okukhulu, kodwa i-electrolyte inomthelela omubi ezindlini zensimbi nemishini. 1.

I-2, inqubo yokuphula ukuhlukana nokuhlukaniswa kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa impahla ye-electrode ngokuchotshozwa kwezigaba eziningi, ukuhlolwa, njll. ngokuchotshozwa kwezigaba eziningi, ukuhluza, njll. ngokuchotshozwa kwezigaba eziningi, ukuhluza, njll.

, ukwenza lula ukusetshenziswa komlilo okulandelayo. Indlela, indlela emanzi, njll. Indlela yokuhlukanisa imishini ingenye yezindlela zokwelashwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa, kulula ukufeza ukwelashwa okukhulu kwezimboni zokuthola kabusha amabhethri e-lithium-ion.

U-SHIN et al., Ngokuchoboza, ukuhlunga, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe, ukucofa kahle kanye nenqubo yokuhlukanisa ukuze kuzuzwe ukunothiswa kokuhlukana kwe-LiCoO2. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukubuyiswa kwensimbi ehlosiwe kungathuthukiswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezingcono, kodwa njengoba isakhiwo sebhethri ye-lithium ion siyinkimbinkimbi, kunzima ukuhlukanisa ngokuphelele izingxenye ngale ndlela; Li et al.

, Sebenzisa uhlobo olusha lwendlela yokuhlukanisa ngomshini, ukuthuthukiswa Ukusebenza kahle kokululama kwe-CO kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokungcola. Ngokuphathelene nokuhlukaniswa kwezinto ze-electrode, yahlanjululwa futhi yashukunyiswa kubhavu wamanzi we-55 ¡ã C, futhi ingxube yashukunyiswa imizuzu engu-10, futhi okwaphumela ku-92% impahla ye-electrode yahlukaniswa nensimbi yamanje yamanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umqoqi wamanje angabuyiselwa ngendlela yensimbi.

1.3, inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa ukushisa kubalulekile ukususa izinto eziphilayo, i-toner, njll., i-toner, njll.

yamabhethri e-lithium ion, nokuhlukaniswa kwezinto ze-electrode kanye noketshezi lwamanje. Indlela yamanje yokwelapha ukushisa ukushisa okuphezulu kokwelashwa okuvamile kokushisa, kodwa kunenkinga yokuhlukaniswa okuphansi, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, njll., ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo, eminyakeni yamuva, ucwaningo luyanda.

I-SUN et al., I-vacuum pyrolysis yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, udoti webhethri uthathwa esithandweni sevacuum ngaphambi kokucwenga, futhi izinga lokushisa lingu-10 ¡ã C kuya ku-600 ¡ã C ngamaminithi angu-30, futhi izinto eziphilayo zibola ku-molecule encane uketshezi noma igesi. Ingasetshenziselwa izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali ngokwehlukana.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ungqimba lwe-LiCoO2 luyaxega futhi kube lula ukulihlukanisa kucwecwe lwe-aluminium ngemva kokufudumeza, okuzuzisa i-oxide yensimbi yokugcina ye-inorganic. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwempahla yebhethri ye-lithium ion. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi uma isistimu ingaphansi kuka-1.

0 kPa, izinga lokushisa lokusabela lingu-600 ¡ã C, isikhathi sokuphendula singamaminithi angu-30, isibopho sezinto eziphilayo singasuseka kakhulu, futhi iningi lezinto ezisebenzayo ze-electrode ziyahlukaniswa kucwecwe lwe-aluminium, ucwecwe lwe-aluminium lugcinwa lunjalo. Uma kuqhathaniswa namasu okwelapha okushisa avamile, i-vacuum pyrolysis yokushisa ephezulu ingatholwa ngokuhlukana, ithuthukise ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezinsiza, kuyilapho kuvimbela amagesi anobuthi avela ezintweni eziphilayo ekuboleni ukuze kubangele ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, kodwa okokusebenza kuphakeme, kuyinkimbinkimbi, Ukukhuthazwa kwezimboni kunemikhawulo ethile. 1.

4. Ngokuvamile i-PVDF ekuhlakalweni kwe-electrode ye-solvent enamandla e-polar organic, ukuze izinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode zikhishwe kucwecwe lwamanje lwe-aluminium. U-Liang Lijun ukhethe izinhlobonhlobo zezinyibilikisi ze-polar organic zokuncibilikisa okokusebenza okuhle kwe-electrode, futhi wathola ukuthi isixazululi esiphezulu kwakuyi-N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), kanye nento esebenzayo ye-electrode esebenzayo i-LIFEPO4 kanye nengxube ye-carbon ingenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele.

Ihlukaniswe ngokuphelele ne-aluminium foil; U-Hanisch et al, usebenzisa indlela yokuhlakaza ukuze ukhethe kahle i-electrode ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwengcindezi yemishini kanye nenqubo yokuhlola. I-electrode iphathwe ku-90 ¡ã C ku-NMP i-10 kuya ku-20 min. Ngemva kokuphinda izikhathi ezingu-6, i-binder ezintweni ze-electrode ingahlakazeka ngokuphelele, futhi umphumela wokuhlukanisa uphelele kakhulu.

I-solubility iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa kwangaphambili, futhi ukusebenza kulula, futhi kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo umphumela wokuhlukanisa kanye nezinga lokubuyisela, futhi ithemba lesicelo sezimboni lingcono. Njengamanje, i-binder isetshenziswa kakhulu yi-NMP, okungcono, kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwentengo, okuguquguqukayo, ubuthi obuphansi, njll., ngezinga elithile, ngokwezinga elithile, isicelo sayo sokukhuthazwa kwezimboni.

Inqubo yokuncibilika leaching iwukuba ukuncibilikisa electrode impahla etholwe ngemva pretreatment, ukuze izakhi metal in the impahla electrode zibe isixazululo ngesimo ions, bese ngokukhetha ahlukaniswe amasu okuhlukanisa ahlukahlukene futhi uyalulama metal ebalulekile CO, Li et al. Izindlela zokucwiliswa kwe-leaching Okubalulekile kufaka phakathi ukucwiliswa kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-biological leaching. 2.

I-1, i-chemical leaching evamile yamakhemikhali indlela ye-leaching iwukufeza ukuchithwa kwe-leaching yezinto ze-electrode ngokucwiliswa kwe-asidi noma ukucwiliswa kwe-alkaline, futhi kubalulekile ukufaka indlela yesinyathelo se-leaching kanye nendlela ye-leaching yezinyathelo ezimbili. Indlela ye-leaching yesinyathelo esisodwa ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-asidi ye-inorganic HCl, i-HNO3, i-H2SO4, nokunye okufana nokuncibilikisa ngokuqondile impahla ye-electrode ngqo ezintweni ze-electrode, kodwa indlela enjalo izoba namagesi ayingozi njenge-CL2, SO2, ukuze ukwelashwa kwegesi ephumayo. Ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi i-H2O2, i-Na2S2O3 namanye ama-ejenti okunciphisa afana ne-H2O2, i-Na2S2O3 yengezwe ku-ejenti ye-leaching, futhi le nkinga ingaxazululwa ngokuphumelelayo, futhi i-CO3 + iphinde ibe lula ukuhlakaza i-CO2 + ku-leaching liquid, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise izinga leaching.

UPan Xiaoyong et al. Yamukela isistimu ye-H2SO4-Na2S2O3 yokuxhuma impahla ye-electrode, ihlukanise futhi ithole i-CO, Li. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukuhlushwa kwe-H + kwe-3 mol / L, ukuhlushwa kwe-Na2S2O3 kwe-0.

I-25 mol / L, isilinganiso esiqinile esiwuketshezi 15: 1, 90 ¡ã C, CO, izinga le-Li leaching lalingaphezu kuka-97%; U-Chen Liang et al, H2SO4 + H2O2 wacwiliswa Ukukhipha into esebenzayo. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi isilinganiso esiqinile se-liquid sasingu-10: 1, i-H2SO4 yokuhlushwa 2.5 mol / l, i-H2O2 yengezwe ngu-2.

0 ml / g (powder), izinga lokushisa 85 ¡ã C, isikhathi leaching of 120 min, Co, Ni kanye Mn, 97%, ngokulandelana, 98% kanye 96%; U-Lu Xiuyuan et al. Ukuze ufinyelele ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu ye-ejenti ephakanyisiwe ye-H2SO4 + ukuze kukhishwe udoti webhethri ye-lithium-ion ye-electrode esebenzayo yebhethri ephezulu ye-nickel (lini0.6CO0.

I-2Mn0.2O2), yafunda ama-ejenti ahlukene anciphisayo (i-H2O2, i-glucose ne-Na2SO3) emiphumeleni ye-metal leaching. ithonya.

Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele kakhulu, i-H2O2 isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa, futhi umphumela we-leaching wensimbi ebalulekile kungcono kakhulu 100%, 96.79%, 98.62%, 97%, ngokulandelana.

Umbono obanzi, kusetshenziswa ama-ejenti anciphisa i-asidi njengohlelo lwe-leaching, kuyinqubo evamile yokukhishwa kwezimboni yokwelashwa kwamanje kwezimboni zamabhethri e-lithium-ion ngenxa yezinzuzo zokucwiliswa kwe-asidi eqondile, izinga eliphezulu le-leaching, izinga lokusabela ngokushesha, njll. Indlela yezinyathelo ezimbili yokuhlanza iwukwenza i-alkali leaching ngemva kokwelashwa kwangaphambi kokwelashwa, ukuze i-Al isesimweni se-NaAlO2 ngesimo se-NaAlO2, bese wengeza i-ejenti yokunciphisa i-H2O2 noma i-Na2S2O3 njengesixazululo se-leaching, etholiwe Uketshezi oluphumayo lulungiswa ngokulungisa i-pH, ngokukhetha ukuxazulula i-Al, Fe bese iqoqa umama ophuza utshwala nokuphuza umama. ukwehlukana. UDeng Chao Yong et al.

Kwenziwe kusetshenziswa isisombululo se-NaOH esingu-10%, kanti izinga le-Al leaching lalingu-96.5%, 2 mol / L H2SO4 kanye no-30% H2O2 kwakucwiliswa nge-asidi, kanti izinga le-CO leaching lalingu-98.8%.

Isimiso se-leaching simi kanje: 2licoo2 + 3H2SO4 + H2O2→I-Li2SO4 + 2CoSO4 + 4H2O + O2 izotholakala ngesisombululo se-leaching esitholiwe, nge-multi-stage extraction, futhi ukubuyiswa kokugcina kwe-CO kufinyelela ku-98%. Indlela ilula, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ukugqwala okuncane, ukungcola okuncane. 2.

2, I-Biological Leaching Law Njengokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe be-biometrial bunezitayela ezingcono zentuthuko kanye namathemba okusebenza ngenxa yokuvikelwa kwemvelo okuphumelelayo, izindleko eziphansi. Biological leaching indlela isekelwe oxidation of amagciwane, ukuze insimbi ibe isixazululo ngesimo ions. Eminyakeni yamuva, abanye abacwaningi baye bahlola insimbi enenani lentengo ekusetshenzisweni kwezindlela ze-biological leaching.

I-MISHRA et al. Ukusebenzisa i-asidi ye-inorganic kanye ne-eosubric acid oxide oxide bacillus ukuze kukhishwe ibhethri ye-lithium ion, kusetshenziswa izakhi ze-S ne-Fe2 + njengamandla, i-H2SO4 ne-FE3 + namanye ama-metabolites endaweni yokufundisa, futhi usebenzise lawa ma-metabolite ukuncibilikisa ibhethri ye-lithium Ion endala. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi izinga lokuqedwa kwebhayoloji ye-CO lishesha kune-Li.

I-Fe2 + ingakhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kabusha kokukhula kwe-biota, i-FE3 + nensimbi endaweni esele. Isilinganiso esiqinile se-liquid, isb

, ukukhula okusha kokugxila kwensimbi, kungavimbela ukukhula kwamabhaktheriya, akusizi ukuchithwa kwensimbi; UMarcináU-KováI-EtOAc. Indawo enomsoco yakhiwe yiwo wonke amaminerali adingekayo ekukhuleni kwebhaktheriya, kanti indawo ephansi yezakhi zomzimba isetshenziswa njengamandla ku-H2SO4 kanye ne-elementi S. Ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi endaweni ecebile yokudla okunomsoco, amazinga e-biological leaching ye-Li ne-CO ayengu-80% no-67%, ngokulandelana; endaweni enomsoco ophansi, ama-35% kuphela e-Li no-10.

U-5% we-CO uhlakaziwe. Indlela ye-biological leaching uma iqhathaniswa nohlelo lwe-ejenti yokunciphisa i-asidi evamile, inenzuzo yezindleko eziphansi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza, kodwa izinga lokuvuza lezinsimbi ezibalulekile (CO, Li et al.) liphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ukucubungula ngezinga elikhulu kwezezimboni kunemikhawulo ethile.

3.1, indlela yokukhipha i-solvent indlela yokukhipha i-solvent iyinqubo yamanje yokuhlukaniswa nokubuyiselwa kwezinto zensimbi zamabhethri e-lithium ion, okuwukwenza inkimbinkimbi ezinzile ne-ion ehlosiwe oketshezini lwe-leaching, futhi isebenzise ama-solvents e-organic afanelekile. Hlukanisa, ukuze kukhishwe insimbi eqondiwe kanye nenhlanganisela.

Ama-extractants asetshenziswa ngokuvamile abalulekile ku-Cyanex272, Acorgam5640, P507, D2EHPA ne-PC-88A, njll. Swain et al. Funda ngomthelela we-CYANEX272 extractant concentration ku-CO, Li.

Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi ukuhlushwa kwe-2.5 kuya ku-40 mol / m3, CO kunyuswe kusuka ku-7.15% kuya ku-99.

u-90%, futhi ukukhishwa kuka-Li kukhuphuke kusuka ku-1.36% kuya ku-7.8%; ukuhlushwa kwe-40 kuya ku-75 mol / m3, isisekelo sezinga lokukhishwa kwe-CO Izinga lokukhishwa kwe-Li lisanda kwengezwa ku-18%, futhi lapho ukuhlushwa kungaphezu kuka-75 mol / m3, isici sokuhlukanisa se-CO sinciphisa ukuhlushwa, isici sokuhlukanisa esiphezulu singu-15641.

Ngemuva kwezinyathelo ezimbili zendlela ye-Wu Fang, ngemuva kokukhipha okukhishiwe kwe-P204, i-P507 yakhishwa ku-CO, Li, bese i-H2SO4 yahlehliswa, futhi okukhishiwe okutholiwe kwengezwa ku-Na2CO3 yokutakula okukhethiwe kwe-Li2CO3. Uma i-pH ingu-5.5, i-CO, i-Li separation factor ifinyelela 1×I-105, ukutakula kwe-CO kungaphezu kwama-99%; kak et al.

Ukusuka ku-5% kuya ku-20% CO, 5% ~ 7% Li, 5% ~ 10% Ni, 5% amakhemikhali e-organic kanye ne-7% imfucuza yepulasitiki ye-lithium ions i-Cobalt sulfate itholakala ebhethri, kanti ukuhlushwa kwe-CO kungu-28 g / L, i-pH ilungiswa ku-6.5 ehleliwe ye-metal Cuion, ukungcola kanye no-Al. Bese ukhipha ngokukhetha i-Co esigabeni samanzi esihlanziwe nge-Cyanex 272, lapho i-pH <6, the separation factor of CO / Li and CO / Ni is close to 750, and the total recovery of CO is about 92%.

Kungatholakala ukuthi ukugxila kwe-extractant kunomthelela omkhulu kwizinga lokukhishwa, futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsimbi ezibalulekile (CO ne-Li) kungafinyelelwa ngokulawula i-pH yesistimu yokukhipha. Ngalesi sisekelo, ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokukhipha okuxubile kuphathwa ngebhethri ye-lithium-ion yemfucuza, engakwazi ukufeza kangcono ukuhlukaniswa okukhethiwe nokubuyiselwa kwama-ion abalulekile ensimbi. I-PRANOLO et al, isistimu yokukhipha okuxubile ithole ngokukhetha i-Co ne-Li kumfucumfucu webhethri ye-lithium-ion.

Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi i-2% (isilinganiso sevolumu) i-ACORGAM 5640 yengezwe ku-7% (isilinganiso sevolumu) Ionquest801, futhi i-pH ye-Cu extraction ingancishiswa, futhi i-Cu, Al, FE izokhishelwa esigabeni se-organic uhlelo lokulawula i-pH, futhi Sebenzisa Ukuhlukaniswa nge-Co, Ni, Li. I-pH yesistimu yabe ilawulwa ku-5.5 kuya ku-6.

0, kanye nokukhishwa okukhethiwe kwe-Co kokukhipha okukhethiwe kwe-CO, i-Ni ne-Li ku-fluid yokukhipha kwakunganakwa; UZhang Xinle et al. Isetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa ukucwiliswa kwe-asidi - ukukhipha - imvula Co kubhethri ye-ion. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi idiphu ye-asidi ingu-3.

5, kanye ne-extractant P507 kanye nesilinganiso sevolumu ye-Cyanex272 ye-1: 1 ikhishwe, i-CO ekhishwe yi-95.5%. Ukusetshenziswa okwalandela kwe-H2SO4 yokuhlehla kwe-reverse fitting, kanye ne-pelletion ye-anti-extract pH yimizuzu emi-4, futhi izinga lemvula le-CO lingafinyelela ku-99.

9%. Ukubuka okuphelele, indlela yokukhipha i-solvent inezinzuzo zokusebenzisa amandla aphansi, umphumela omuhle wokuhlukanisa, indlela yokukhipha i-asidi yokucwiliswa kwe-solvent okwamanje iyinqubo evamile yamabhethri e-lithium ion, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe kwama-extractants kanye nezimo zokukhishwa Kuwukugxila kocwaningo lwamanje kulo mkhakha ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela esebenza kahle futhi enobungani nemvelo futhi ekwazi ukuphinda isetshenziswe. 3.

2, indlela yemvula ukulungisa ibhethri ye-lithium-ion imfucuza. Ngemuva kokuqedwa, isixazululo se-CO, i-Li siyatholakala, futhi i-precipitant yengezwe emvuleni, insimbi ebalulekile ehlosiwe i-Co, i-Li, njll., ukufeza ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsimbi.

ILANGA et al. Kugcizelelwe kusetshenziswa i-H2C2O4 njenge-ejenti evuzayo ngenkathi ukuna kwama-CO ions esixazululweni ngendlela ye-COC 2O4, bese kuthi i-Al (OH) 3 ne-Li2CO3 yengezwe ngokungeza i-precipitant NaOH ne-Na2CO3. Ukwehlukana; I-Pan Xiaoyong et al ezungeze i-PH ilungiswe ukuze ibe ngu-5.

0, engasusa iningi le-Cu, Al, Ni. Ngemva kokukhipha okwengeziwe, i-3% H2C2O4 kanye ne-Na2CO3 egcwele yokuhlala i-COC2O4 ne-Li2CO3, ukutakula kwe-CO kuphakeme kune-99% Izinga lokubuyisela i-Li lingaphezulu kuka-98%; I-Li Jinhui ifakwe kuqala ngemuva kokulungiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium ion kadoti, usayizi wezinhlayiyana ongaphansi kuka-1.43 mm uhlolwa nge-concentration ye-0.

5 kuya ku-1.0 mol / L, futhi isilinganiso esiqinile-soketshezi singu-15 kuya ku-25 g / L. 40 ~ 90min, okuholele ekutheni i-COC2O4 icwebe kanye nesixazululo se-Li2C2O4 se-leaching, i-COC2O4 yokugcina kanye ne-Li2C2O4 yokutholwa kweqe ama-99%.

Imvula iphezulu, futhi izinga lokutholwa kwezinsimbi ezibalulekile liphezulu. I-pH yokulawula ingakwazi ukufeza ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsimbi, okulula ukufeza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, kodwa kuphazanyiswa kalula nokungcola, okuphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isihluthulelo senqubo ukukhetha i-ejenti yemvula ekhethiwe futhi uthuthukise izimo zenqubo, ulawule ukuhleleka kwemvula ye-ion yensimbi eyimfihlo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo.

3.3. Indlela ye-electrolytic electrolytic yokubuyisela insimbi ye-valvily ebhethri ye-lithium ion kadoti, iyindlela yekhemikhali ye-electrolysis oketshezini oluphumayo lwe-electrode, ukuze lwehliselwe lube olulodwa noma inzika.

Ungangezi ezinye izinto, akulula ukwethula ukungcola, ungathola imikhiqizo yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, kodwa uma kwenzeka ama-ion amaningi, ukuchithwa okuphelele kwenzeka, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo, kuyilapho kudla amandla kagesi amaningi. Myoung et al. Ibhethri le-lithium ion elingcolile le-leaching liquid yokwelashwa kwe-HNO3 liyimpahla eluhlaza, futhi i-cobalt itholwa ngendlela engase ibe khona njalo.

Phakathi nenqubo ye-electrolysis, i-O2 iyancipha ibe yi-NO3 - ukusabela kokunciphisa, i-OH-concentration ingeziwe, futhi i-CO (OH) 2 ikhiqizwa ebusweni be-Ti cathode, futhi ukwelashwa kokushisa kutholakala yi-CO3O4. Inqubo yokusabela kwamakhemikhali imi kanje: 2H2O + O2 + 4E→4OHNO3- + H2O + 2E→NO2- + 2OHCO3 ++ E→CO2 + CO2 ++ 2OH- / TI→CO (OH) 2 / Ti3CO (OH) 2 / Ti + 1 / 2O2→I-CO3O4 / TI + 3H2OFREITAS, njll., kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obunamandla obungaguquki nobunamandla ukuze kubuyiselwe i-CO ezintweni ezinhle zebhethri ye-lithium ion.

Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokushaja kwe-CO kuyehla njengoba i-pH ikhula, i-pH = 5.40, amandla angaba ngu-1.00V, ukuminyana kwe-charge 10.

0c / cm 2, ukusebenza kahle kokushaja kuphezulu, kufinyelela ku-96.60%. Inqubo yokusabela kwamakhemikhali imi kanje: CO2 ++ 2OH-→CO (OH) 2 (S) CO (OH) 2 (S) + 2E→CO (S) + 2OH-3.

I-4, indlela yokushintshanisa i-ion indlela yokushintshanisa i-ion ingumehluko kumthamo we-adsorption wezinhlaka ze-ion zensimbi ezihlukene ezifana ne-Co, i-Ni, eqaphela ukuhlukaniswa nokukhishwa kwezinsimbi. FENG et al. Ukwengeza ekubuyiseni kwe-CO ku-positive electrode material H2SO4 leaching liquid.

Ucwaningo ngesilinganiso sokutholwa kwe-cobalt kanye nokuhlukaniswa kokunye ukungcola okuvela ezintweni ezifana ne-pH, umjikelezo we-leach. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi i-resin ye-TP207 isetshenziselwa ukulawula i-pH = 2.5, ukujikeleza kwakulashwa ngo-10.

Izinga lokususwa kwe-Cu lifinyelele ku-97.44%, futhi ukubuyiswa kwe-cobalt kufinyelele ku-90.2%.

Indlela inokukhethwa okunamandla kwe-ion ehlosiwe, inqubo elula futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ikhishwa ukuze kukhishwe intengo yensimbi eguquguqukayo ebhethri ye-lithium ion, eye yanikeza izindlela ezintsha, kodwa ngenxa yomkhawulo wezindleko eziphezulu, isicelo sezimboni. 3.5, i-saltingation ye-salinization ukunciphisa i-dielectric constant of the leaching liquid ngokungeza isixazululo esigcwele (NH4) 2SO4 kanye ne-solvent ephansi ye-dielectric engaguquki ku-waste lithium ion battery leaching solution, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe i-dielectric constant of the leaching liquid, futhi usawoti we-cobalt udonswa kusukela kusixazululo.

Indlela ilula, kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi iphansi, kodwa ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-ion ehlukahlukene yensimbi, nemvula yamanye ama-salts ensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela inciphisa ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo. UJin Yujian et al, ngokombono wesimanje wesixazululo se-electrolyte, ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium ion anosawoti. I-saturated (NH4) 2SO4 isixazululo samanzi kanye ne-anhydrous ethanol yengezwe kuketshezi lwe-HCl leaching kusuka ku-LiiCoO2 njenge-electrode enhle, futhi lapho isixazululo, i-saturated (NH4) 2SO4 isixazululo samanzi kanye ne-anhydrous ethanol ingu-2: 1: 3, CO2 + izinga lemvula Ngaphezu kuka-92%.

Umphumela womkhiqizo onosawoti u-(NH4) 2CO (SO4) 2 kanye (NH4) Al (SO4) 2, esebenzisa usawoti ohlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ukuze uhlukanise usawoti womabili, ngaleyo ndlela uthole imikhiqizo ehlukene. Mayelana nokukhipha nokuhlukaniswa kwensimbi ebalulekile kudoti ye-lithium ion yebhethri leach, okungenhla kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokufunda kabanzi. Kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nevolumu yokucubungula, izindleko zokusebenza, ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo kanye nokungcola kwesibili, Ithebula lesi-2 lifingqa indlela yobuchwepheshe yokuqhathanisa isizinda sokuhlukaniswa kwensimbi okuningana okuchazwe ngenhla.

Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kumandla kagesi nezinye izici kubanzi kakhulu, futhi inani lamabhethri e-lithium-ion angcolile alikwazi ukubukelwa phansi. Kulesi sigaba, inqubo yokutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion engenamfucuza ibalulekile ekwelapheni kwangaphambili - ukugaywa kabusha kwe-leaching-wet. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kuhlanganisa ukukhipha, ukuchotshozwa nokuhlukaniswa kwezinto ze-electrode, njll.

Phakathi kwazo, indlela yokuhlakaza ilula, futhi ingathuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo umphumela wokuhlukanisa kanye nezinga lokutakula, kodwa i-solvent ephawulekayo esetshenziswa njengamanje (NMP) iyabiza ngezinga elithile, ukuze ukusetshenziswa kwe-solvent efanelekile kufanelekile ukucwaninga kulo mkhakha. Enye yezinkomba. Inqubo ye-leaching ibalulekile nge-ejenti yokunciphisa i-asidi njenge-ejenti ye-leaching, engakwazi ukufeza umphumela okhethwayo we-leaching, kodwa kuyoba nokungcoliswa kwesibili okufana noketshezi lwe-inorganic waste, futhi indlela ye-biological leaching inenzuzo yokusebenza kahle, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nezindleko eziphansi, kodwa kukhona insimbi ebalulekile.

Izinga le-leaching liphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ukwenziwa ngcono kokukhethwa kwamagciwane kanye nokwenza kahle kwezimo zokucwiliswa kwamanzi kungakhuphula izinga le-leaching, okungenye yeziqondiso zocwaningo zenqubo yokudoba yesikhathi esizayo. Izinsimbi ze-Valentine ekuxazululeni okumanzi kwe-leaching solutions ziyizixhumanisi ezibalulekile zenqubo yokutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion, futhi amaphuzu abalulekile nobunzima bocwaningo eminyakeni yamuva nje, nezindlela ezibalulekile zine-solvent extraction, imvula, i-electrolysis, indlela yokushintshanisa i-ion, ukuhlaziywa kukasawoti Linda. Phakathi kwazo, indlela yokukhipha i-solvent okwamanje isetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi, ngokungcoliswa okuphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, umphumela wokuhlukaniswa okuphezulu kanye nokuhlanzeka komkhiqizo, nokukhetha nokuthuthukiswa kwama-extractants asebenza kahle futhi angabizi kakhulu, ukunciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zokusebenza, kanye nokuhlola okwengeziwe kwama-extractants ahlukahlukene ama-synergies kungaba enye yezinkomba zokugxila kulo mkhakha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokunetha iphinde ibe yisihluthulelo kwenye isiqondiso socwaningo lwayo ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zezinga eliphezulu lokutakula, izindleko eziphansi kanye nokucubungula okuphezulu. Njengamanje, inkinga ebalulekile lapho kukhona indlela yemvula iphansi, ngakho-ke, mayelana nezimo zokukhetha kanye nenqubo ye-sedimentation, izolawula ukulandelana kwemvula ye-ion yensimbi yangasese, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo kuzoba namathemba angcono okusebenza kwezimboni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ohlelweni lokwelashwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion, ukungcoliswa kwesibili okufana noketshezi olulahlwayo, insalela yemfucuza ayinakuvinjelwa, futhi ukulimala kokungcoliswa kwesibili kuyancishiswa kuyilapho izinsiza zisetshenziselwa ukuzuza amabhethri e-lithium ion kadoti.

Imvelo, esebenza kahle futhi enezindleko eziphansi.