Uphando kunye nenkqubela phambili yokubuyisela isinyithi kwiibhetri ze-lithium ion

Umbhali : Iflowpower - UMboneleli weSikhululo saMandla esiphathwayo

Amandla kunye nokusingqongileyo yimiba emibini emikhulu ebijongene nayo kwinkulungwane yama-21, uphuhliso lophuhliso lwamandla amatsha kunye nezibonelelo sisiseko kunye nesikhokelo sophuhliso oluzinzileyo lomntu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngenxa yomgangatho wokukhanya, umthamo omncinci, ukuzikhupha, akukho mpembelelo yememori, uluhlu olubanzi lobushushu bokusebenza, ukuhlawula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhutshwa, ubomi obude benkonzo, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nezinye iingenelo. I-Whittingham yokuqala yenza ibhetri yokuqala ye-lithium-ion isebenzisa inkqubo ye-Li-TIS, kwi-1990, iphuhlise iminyaka engaphezu kwe-40 ukususela kwi-1990, yenza inkqubela phambili enkulu.

Ngokwezibalo, inani elipheleleyo le-lithium-ion ibhetri kwilizwe lam ngoJuni 2017 laliyi-8.99 yezigidigidi, kunye nezinga lokunyuka kwe-34,6%.

Amazwe ngamazwe, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion kwintsimi yamandla e-aerospace ziye zangena kwinqanaba lesicelo sobunjineli, kwaye ezinye iinkampani kunye namasebe omkhosi ehlabathini ziye zaphuhliswa kwindawo yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, ezifana ne-United States, i-National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), I-EAGLE -Inkampani yebhetri yePicher, i-France SAFT, i-JAXA yaseJapan, njl. Ngokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweebhetri ze-lithium ion, kukho ubuninzi beebhetri zenkunkuma. Kulindeleke ukuba ngaphambi nasemva kuka-2020, ekuphela kombane osulungekileyo welizwe lam (kubandakanya iplagi-in) imoto yabakhweli kunye ne-hybrid yemoto yomkhweli amandla e-lithium ibhetri yi-12-77 yezigidi zeT.

Nangona ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ibizwa ngokuba yibhetri eluhlaza, akukho nto iyingozi efana ne-Hg, i-PB, kodwa izinto zayo ezintle, isisombululo se-electrolyte, njl., ebangela ukungcoliseka okukhulu kokusingqongileyo, kwaye kubangele nokuchithwa kwemithombo. Ke ngoko, uphonononge ubume benkqubo yonyango lokubuyisela inkunkuma ye-lithium-ion iibhetri ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kwaye ishwankathela isikhokelo sophuhliso lwenkqubo yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lithium-ion, inokubaluleka okusebenzayo.

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yebhetri ye-lithium-ion ibandakanya indlu, i-electrolyte, i-anode material, i-cathode material, i-adhesive, i-copper foil, kunye ne-aluminium foil, kunye nokunye okunjalo. Phakathi kwabo, i-CO, i-Li, iqhezu le-Ni li-5% ukuya kwi-15%, i-2% ukuya kwi-7%, i-0.5% ukuya kwi-2%, kunye nezinto zetsimbi ezifana ne-Al, Cu, Fe, kunye nexabiso lezinto ezibalulekileyo, i-anode Izinto eziphathekayo kunye ne-cathode i-akhawunti malunga ne-33% kunye ne-10%, kunye ne-electrolyte kunye ne-diaphragm ye-3, i-akhawunti ye-3%, i-akhawunti kunye ne-3% ihloniphekile.

Izinyithi ezibalulekileyo ezifunyenweyo kwiibhetri ze-lithium ion yi-Co kunye ne-Li, ifilimu ye-cobalt egxininisiweyo ebalulekileyo kwizinto ze-anode. Ngokukodwa kwimithombo yelizwe lam i-cobalt ihlwempuzekile, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kunzima, kwaye iqhekeza le-cobalt kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion libalelwa malunga ne-15%, ngamaxesha angama-850 ahamba nemigodi ye-cobalt. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kwe-LiCoO2 ibhetri ye-lithium ion yezinto ezilungileyo, equkethe i-lithium cobalt organte, i-lithium hexafluorophosphate, i-organic carbonate, i-carbon material, ithusi, i-aluminium, njl.

, umxholo wesinyithi obalulekileyo uboniswe kwiThebhile 1. Ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo emanzi yokuphatha inkunkuma ye-lithium-ion iibhetri ngoku ifundwa ngakumbi nangakumbi iinkqubo, kwaye inkqubo yokuhamba iboniswa kuMfanekiso 1. Amava abalulekileyo amanqanaba e-3: 1) Cinezela ibhetri ye-lithium ion efunyenweyo ukukhupha ngokupheleleyo, ukwahlula okulula, njl.

Izinto ze-electrode ezifunyenwe emva kokunyangwa kwangaphambili zichithwa, ukwenzela ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi kunye neengqungquthela zayo zibe yimo ye-ion kwi-leaching liquid; 3) Ukwahlula kunye nokubuyiswa kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo kwisisombululo se-leaching, eli nqanaba liyisitshixo sokuchitha iinkqubo zonyango lwe-lithium ion ibhetri Kwakhona kugxininiso kunye nobunzima babaphandi iminyaka emininzi. Okwangoku, indlela yokwahlula kunye nokubuyisela ibalulekile ngokutsalwa kwe-solvent, imvula, i-electrolysis, indlela yokutshintshiselana kwe-ion, i-salting kunye ne-etiology. 1.

I-1, inkunkuma yangaphambili yombane oseleyo, inxalenye eseleyo yebhetri ye-ion, ikhutshwe ngokucokisekileyo ngaphambi kokucubungula, ngaphandle koko amandla aseleyo aya kugxila kumlinganiselo omkhulu wokushisa, onokubangela imiphumo emibi njengengozi yokhuseleko. Indlela yokukhutshwa kweebhetri ze-lithium ion zingahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini, eziphuma emzimbeni kunye nokukhutshwa kweekhemikhali. Phakathi kwazo, ukukhutshwa komzimba kukukhupha i-short-circuit, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa i-nitrogen engamanzi kunye nolunye ulwelo lomkhenkce ukuze lube ngumkhenkce ophantsi wobushushu, uze ucinezele umngxuma wokukhupha ngenkani.

Ngeentsuku zokuqala, i-Umicore, i-Umicore yase-US, i-TOXCO isebenzisa i-nitrogen ye-liquid ukukhupha i-lithium ion ibhetri yenkunkuma, kodwa le ndlela iphezulu kwizixhobo, ayifanelekanga kwizicelo ezinkulu zoshishino; ukukhutshwa kweekhemikhali kwisisombululo sokuqhuba (ngaphezulu Khupha amandla ashiyekileyo kwi-electrolysis kwizisombululo ze-NaCl. Ekuqaleni, uNan Junmin, njl., Wabeka i-monomer inkunkuma ye-lithium ion ibhetri kwisitya sensimbi samanzi kunye ne-electron conductive agent, kodwa ekubeni i-electrolyte ye-lithium ion ibhetri equlethwe yi-LiPF6, ukusabela kwabonakaliswa ngokudibana namanzi.

HF, ukuzisa umonakalo kwindalo kunye nabaqhubi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukuntywiliselwa kwe-alkaline ngokukhawuleza emva kokukhutshwa. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iNgoma Xiuling, njl. Ukuxinwa kwe-2g / L, ixesha lokukhutshwa ngu-8h, i-voltage yokudibanisa yokugqibela iyancipha ibe yi-0.

I-54V, ihlangabezana neemfuno zokukhutshwa okuluhlaza. Ngokwahlukileyo, iindleko zokukhutshwa kweekhemikhali ziphantsi, ukusebenza kulula, kunokuhlangabezana nesicelo sokukhutshwa okukhulu, kodwa i-electrolyte inefuthe elibi kwizindlu zetsimbi kunye nezixhobo. 1.

I-2, inkqubo yokuqhawula ukuhlukana kunye nokwahlula kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izinto ze-electrode ngokutyumza kwamanqanaba amaninzi, ukukhangela, njl. ngokutyunyuzwa kwamanqanaba amaninzi, ukukhangela, njl. ngokutyunyuzwa kwamanqanaba amaninzi, ukukhangela, njl.

, ukuququzelela ukusetyenziswa komlilo okulandelayo. Indlela, indlela emanzi, njl. Indlela yokwahlula ngoomatshini yenye yeendlela zokunyangwa kwangaphambili ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, kulula ukufikelela kunyango olukhulu lokubuyisela kwimizi-mveliso yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion.

U-SHIN et al., Ngokutyumza, ukukhangela, ukwahlukana kwamagnetic, ukucolwa kakuhle kunye nenkqubo yokuhlela ukufezekisa ukutyebisa kwe-LiCoO2 yokwahlukana. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukubuyiswa kwensimbi ekujoliswe kuyo kunokuphuculwa phantsi kweemeko ezingcono, kodwa ekubeni i-lithium ion isakhiwo sebhetri sinzima, kunzima ukuhlula ngokupheleleyo amacandelo ngale ndlela; Li et al.

, Sebenzisa uhlobo olutsha lwendlela yokwahlula oomatshini, ukuphuculwa Ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela i-CO kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokungcola. Ngokuphathelele ukwahlukana kwezinto ze-electrode, yahlanjululwa kwaye yaxutywa kwi-55 ¡ã C yokuhlambela kwamanzi, kwaye umxube waxutywa ngemizuzu eyi-10, kwaye umphumo we-92% we-electrode wahlulwa kwintsimbi yangoku. Ngelo xesha, umqokeleli wangoku unokubuyiselwa ngendlela yentsimbi.

1.3, inkqubo yonyango lokushisa ukushisa kubalulekile ukususa izinto eziphilayo, i-toner, njl., i-toner, njl.

yenkunkuma ye-lithium ion iibhetri, kunye nokwahlula izinto ze-electrode kunye nolwelo lwangoku. Indlela yonyango lwangoku lobushushu bubushushu obuphezulu bonyango oluqhelekileyo lobushushu, kodwa kukho ingxaki yokwahlula okuphantsi, ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, njl., ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi inkqubo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando luninzi nangaphezulu.

I-SUN et al., I-pyrolysis ye-vacuum ye-high-temperature, inkunkuma yebhethri ithathwa kwisithando somlilo ngaphambi kokucoca, kwaye iqondo lokushisa li-10 ¡ã C ukuya kwi-600 ¡ã C kwi-30 min, kwaye i-organic matter ichithwa kwi-molecule encinci yamanzi okanye igesi. Ingasetyenziselwa izinto zekhemikhali ekrwada ngokwahlukeneyo.

Kwangaxeshanye, umaleko we-LiCoO2 uyakhululeka kwaye kulula ukwahlula kwifoyile ye-aluminiyam emva kokufudumeza, eluncedo kwi-oxide yentsimbi yokugqibela. Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kwenkunkuma ye-lithium ion yebhetri yempahla. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba xa inkqubo ingaphantsi kwe-1.

I-0 kPa, ubushushu bokusabela yi-600 ¡ã C, ixesha lokuphendula yi-30 min, i-organic binder inokususwa kakhulu, kwaye ininzi ye-electrode esebenzayo esebenzayo ikhutshwe kwi-aluminium foil, i-foil ye-aluminium igcinwe ingaguquki. Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela eziqhelekileyo zokunyanga ubushushu, i-vacuum pyrolysis enobushushu obuphezulu inokubuyiselwa ngokwahlukeneyo, iphucule usetyenziso olubanzi lwemithombo yobutyebi, ngelixa ikhusela iigesi ezinetyhefu ezivela kwizinto eziphilayo ekuboleni ukuze zibangele ukungcoliseka kokusingqongileyo, kodwa izixhobo ziphezulu, zintsonkothile, ukuKhuthazwa kweshishini kunemida ethile. 1.

4. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-PVDF kwi-electrode yokuchithwa kwe-solvent ye-polar organic strongly, ukwenzela ukuba izinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode zikhutshwe kwi-foil ye-aluminium yangoku. U-Liang Lijun ukhethe iintlobo ngeentlobo ze-solvents ze-polar organic zokunyibilikisa izinto ze-electrode ezityumzayo, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba i-solvent eyona nto yayiyi-N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), kunye ne-electrode esebenzayo into esebenzayo i-LIFEPO4 kunye nomxube wekhabhoni unokwenziwa phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.

Ihlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo kwi-aluminium foil; U-Hanisch et al, usebenzisa indlela yokuchithwa ukukhetha ngokucokisekileyo i-electrode emva kokunyangwa kobushushu kunye nokuhlukana koxinzelelo lomatshini kunye nenkqubo yokuhlola. I-electrode yaphathwa kwi-90 ¡ã C kwi-NMP kwi-10 ukuya kwi-20 min. Emva kokuphindaphinda amaxesha ama-6, i-binder kwi-electrode material inokuchithwa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye umphumo wokuhlukana ucokisekileyo.

I-solubility ithelekiswa nezinye iindlela zonyango lwangaphambili, kwaye umsebenzi ulula, kwaye unokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo umphumo wokwahlula kunye nesantya sokubuyisela, kunye nethemba lokusetyenziswa kwezoshishino lingcono. Okwangoku, i-binder isetyenziswa kakhulu yi-NMP, eyona nto ingcono, kodwa ngenxa yokungabikho kwexabiso, ukuguquguquka, ubuthi obuphantsi, njl.

Ukunyibilika leaching inkqubo ukunyibilika izinto electrode efunyenwe emva pretreatment, ukwenzela ukuba izinto zetsimbi izinto electrode ibe isisombululo ngokohlobo ion, kwaye ke ngokukhetha bahlulwe iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwahlula kwaye kwakhona ibalulekile metal CO, Li et al. Iindlela zokuvuza okunyityilisiweyo Okubalulekileyo kubandakanya ukuvuza kweekhemikhali kunye ne-biological leaching. 2.

I-1, i-chemical leaching ye-leaching chemical leaching method kukuphumeza ukuchithwa kwe-leaching yezinto ze-electrode ngokuntywiliselwa kwe-asidi okanye ukuntywiliselwa kwe-alkaline, kwaye kubalulekile ukubandakanya indlela yokunyathela inyathelo kunye nendlela yokukhupha inyathelo ezimbini. Inyathelo elinye leaching indlela ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa i-asidi ye-inorganic HCl, i-HNO3, i-H2SO4, kunye nokuthanda ukunyibilikisa ngokuthe ngqo izinto ze-electrode ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode, kodwa indlela enjalo iya kuba neegesi ezinobungozi ezifana ne-CL2, i-SO2, ukwenzela ukuba unyango lwegesi yokukhupha. Uphononongo lufumene ukuba i-H2O2, i-Na2S2O3 kunye nezinye ii-agent zokunciphisa ezifana ne-H2O2, i-Na2S2O3 zongezwa kwi-ejenti ye-leaching, kwaye le ngxaki ingasombululwa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye i-CO3 + nayo ilula ukunyibilikisa i-CO2 + kwi-leaching liquid, ngaloo ndlela yandisa izinga lokukhupha.

Pan Xiaoyong et al. Yamkela inkqubo ye-H2SO4-Na2S2O3 yokukhupha izinto ze-electrode, ukwahlula kunye nokubuyisela i-CO, uLi. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-H + yoxinaniso lwe-3 mol / L, i-Na2S2O3 yoxinaniso lwe-0.

I-25 mol / L, ulwelo oluqinileyo lwe-15: 1, 90 ¡ã C, CO, i-Li leaching rate yayiphezulu kune-97%; U-Chen Liang et al, i-H2SO4 + i-H2O2 yachithwa Ukukhupha into esebenzayo. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba ulwelo eqinileyo ratio 10: 1, H2SO4 yoxinaniso 2.5 mol / l, H2O2 yongezwa ngu-2.

I-0 ml / g (i-powder), ukushisa kwe-85 ¡ã C, ixesha le-leaching ye-120 min, i-Co, i-Ni kunye ne-Mn, i-97%, ngokulandelanayo, i-98% kunye ne-96%; Lu Xiuyuan et al. Ukufumana ukusetyenziswa kwe-H2SO4 + Inkqubo ye-agent ephakanyisiweyo ukukhupha inkunkuma ephezulu ye-nickel lithium-ion ibhetri ye-electrode material (lini0.6CO0.

I-2Mn0.2O2), yafunda ii-agent ezahlukeneyo zokunciphisa (i-H2O2, i-glucose kunye ne-Na2SO3) kwimiphumo ye-metal leaching. impembelelo.

Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo kakhulu, i-H2O2 isetyenziswe njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa, kwaye umphumo we-leaching wentsimbi ebalulekileyo ukhethwa ngu-100%, 96.79%, 98.62%, 97% ngokulandelanayo.

Uluvo olubanzi, usebenzisa i-acid-reduction agents njengenkqubo ye-leaching, yinkqubo ye-leaching ehamba phambili yonyango lwangoku lwemizi-mveliso yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion ngenxa yeenzuzo zokucwiliswa kwe-asidi ngokuthe ngqo, izinga eliphezulu le-leaching, izinga lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, njl. Indlela ye-leaching enamanyathelo amabini kukwenza i-alkali leaching emva konyango olulula lwangaphambili, ukuze i-Al ikwimo ye-NaAlO2 ngohlobo lwe-NaAlO2, kwaye emva koko idibanise i-arhente yokunciphisa i-H2O2 okanye i-Na2S2O3 njengesisombululo se-leaching, ifunyenwe I-leaching liquid ihlengahlengiswa ngokulungelelanisa i-pH, ngokukhetha ukuhlalisa i-Al, i-Fe kwaye iqokelele i-liquor efunyenweyo kunye nonina. ukwahlukana. UDeng Chao Yong et al.

Yenziwa kusetyenziswa isisombululo se-10% se-NaOH, kwaye izinga le-Al leaching laliyi-96.5%, i-2 mol / L H2SO4 kunye ne-30% ye-H2O2 yayiyi-asidi yokucwiliswa, kwaye izinga le-CO leaching liyi-98.8%.

Umgaqo wokukhupha umi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 2licoo2 + 3H2SO4 + H2O2→I-Li2SO4 + 2CoSO4 + 4H2O + O2 iya kufumaneka ngesisombululo se-leaching efunyenweyo, kunye ne-multi-stage extraction, kunye nokubuyisela i-CO yokugqibela kufikelela kwi-98%. Indlela ilula, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, i-corrosion encinci, ukungcola okuncinci. 2.

I-2, Umthetho we-Biological Leaching Law Njengophuhliso lobuchwepheshe, iteknoloji ye-biometrial ineendlela ezingcono zophuhliso kunye nethemba lesicelo ngenxa yokukhusela okusingqongileyo okusebenzayo, ixabiso eliphantsi. Indlela ye-biological leaching isekelwe kwi-oxidation yeebhaktheriya, ukwenzela ukuba isinyithi singene kwisisombululo ngendlela yeeyoni. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abanye abaphandi baye baphonononga isinyithi esinexabiso lexabiso ekusebenziseni iindlela zebhayoloji leaching.

MISHRA et al. Ukusebenzisa i-asidi ye-inorganic kunye ne-eosubric acid oxide oxide bacillus ukukhupha ibhetri ye-lithium ion, usebenzisa izinto ze-S kunye ne-Fe2 + njengamandla, i-H2SO4 kunye ne-FE3 + kunye nezinye i-metabolites kwi-leaching medium, kwaye usebenzise ezi metabolites ukunyibilikisa ibhetri ye-lithium Ion endala. Uphononongo lufumene ukuba izinga lokuchithwa kwebhayoloji ye-CO likhawuleza kune-Li.

I-Fe2 + inokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kokukhula kwe-biota, i-FE3 + kunye nesinyithi kwintsalela. Umlinganiselo wolwelo oluphezulu oluqinileyo, okt

, ukukhula okutsha koxinaniso lwetsimbi, kunokuthintela ukukhula kweebhaktheriya, akuncedi ukuchithwa kwesinyithi; UMarcináKováEtOAc. Indawo enezondlo iqulunqwe zizo zonke iiminerali ezifunekayo ekukhuleni kwebhaktiriya, kwaye indawo encinci yezondlo isetyenziswa njengamandla kwi-H2SO4 kunye ne-element S. Uphononongo lufumene ukuba kwindawo etyebileyo yezondlo, imilinganiselo ye-biological leaching ye-Li kunye ne-CO yayiyi-80% kunye ne-67%, ngokulandelanayo; kwindawo ephantsi yesondlo, kuphela i-35% ye-Li kunye ne-10.

I-5% ye-CO yachithwa. Indlela ye-Biological leaching xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo ye-agent yokunciphisa i-asidi yendabuko, inenzuzo yeendleko eziphantsi kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo okuluhlaza, kodwa izinga lokuvuza kweentsimbi ezibalulekileyo (CO, Li et al.) Liphantsi ngokwentelekiso, kwaye ukusetyenzwa okukhulu koshishino kunemida ethile.

3.1, i-solvent extraction indlela ye-solvent extraction yinkqubo yangoku yokwahlula kunye nokubuyiswa kwezinto zetsimbi ze-lithium ion iibhetri, ezikwenza i-complex ezinzileyo kunye ne-ion ekujoliswe kuyo kwi-leaching liquid, kwaye isebenzise i-solvents efanelekileyo yezinto eziphilayo. Ukwahlula, ukukhupha isinyithi esijoliswe kuyo kunye nekhompawundi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo i-extractants esetyenziswayo ibalulekile kwi-Cyanex272, i-Acorgam5640, i-P507, i-D2EHPA kunye ne-PC-88A, njl. Swain et al. Funda umphumo we-CYANEX272 yoxinaniso lwe-extractant kwi-CO, uLi.

Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukuxinwa kwe-2.5 ukuya kwi-40 mol / m3, i-CO yanda ukusuka kwi-7.15% ukuya kwi-99.

I-90%, kwaye i-Li&39;s extraction inyuke ukusuka kwi-1.36% ukuya kwi-7.8%; ukuxinwa kwe-40 ukuya kwi-75 mol / m3, isiseko se-CO yokukhutshwa kwesiseko Isantya sokutsalwa kwe-Li sisanda kufakwa kwi-18%, kwaye xa i-concentration iphezulu kune-75 mol / m3, i-factor yokwahlukana ye-CO iyanciphisa ukugxininiswa, ubuninzi bokuhlukana kwe-15641.

Emva kweendlela ezimbini ze-Wu Fang, emva kokukhupha isicatshulwa se-P204, i-P507 ikhutshwe kwi-CO, i-Li, kwaye i-H2SO4 yatshintshwa, kwaye isicatshulwa esifunyenweyo songezwa kwi-Na2CO3 ekhethiweyo yokubuyisela i-Li2CO3. Xa i-pH i-5.5, i-CO, i-Li ye-separation factor ifikelela 1×I-105, ukubuyiswa kwe-CO kungaphezulu kwe-99%; kang et al.

Ukusuka kwinzondelelo 5% ukuya ku-20% CO, 5% ~ 7% Li, 5% ~ 10% Ni, 5% iikhemikhali eziphilayo kunye ne-7% inkunkuma yeplastiki ye-lithium ion I-Cobalt sulfate ifunyenwe kwibhetri, kwaye i-CO yoxinaniso yi-28 g / L, i-pH ilungelelaniswe kwi-6.5 ehlala i-6.5 ehlala i-metal Cuion, ukungcola kunye ne-Al. Emva koko ngokukhetha ukukhupha i-Co kwisigaba samanzi ahlambulukileyo yiCyanex 272, xa pH <6, the separation factor of CO / Li and CO / Ni is close to 750, and the total recovery of CO is about 92%.

Inokufunyanwa ukuba ukuxinwa kwe-extractant kunempembelelo enkulu kwisantya sokukhutshwa, kwaye ukuhlukana kweentsimbi ezibalulekileyo (CO kunye ne-Li) kunokufezekiswa ngokulawula i-pH yenkqubo yokukhutshwa. Ngesi siseko, ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokukhutshwa okuxubileyo iphathwa ngebhetri ye-lithium-ion inkunkuma, ekwazi ukufezekisa ngcono ukuhlukana okukhethiweyo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwee-ion zetsimbi ezibalulekileyo. I-PRANOLO et al, inkqubo yokukhupha ingxubevange ngokukhetha wafumana i-Co kunye ne-Li kwinkunkuma ye-lithium-ion leacals yebhetri.

Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-2% (i-volume ratio) i-ACORGAM 5640 yongezwa kwi-7% (i-volume ratio) Ionquest801, kunye ne-pH ye-extraction Cu ingancitshiswa, kwaye i-Cu, i-Al, i-FE iya kukhutshwa kwisigaba sezinto eziphilayo ngenkqubo yokulawula i-pH, kunye nokuPhunyeza ukwahlula kunye ne-Co, Ni, Li. I-pH yenkqubo emva koko ilawulwa kwi-5.5 ukuya kwi-6.

I-0, kunye ne-Co selective extraction ye-CO ekhethiweyo yokukhutshwa, i-Ni kunye ne-Li kwi-extraction fluid yayingabalulekanga; UZhang Xinle et al. Isetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa ukuntywiliselwa kweasidi - ukukhutshwa - imvula Co kwibhetri ye-ion. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba idiphu yeasidi yi-3.

I-5, kunye ne-P507 ye-extractant kunye ne-Cyanex272 ye-volume ratio ye-1: 1 ikhutshwe, i-CO extract yi-95.5%. Ukusetyenziswa okulandelayo kwe-H2SO4 i-reverse fitting, kunye ne-pelletion ye-anti-extract pH yi-4 min, kwaye izinga lemvula ye-CO inokufikelela kwi-99.

9%. Umbono obanzi, indlela yokukhutshwa kwe-solvent ineenzuzo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, isiphumo esihle sokwahlula, i-asidi yokucwiliswa-i-solvent extraction indlela okwangoku yinkqubo eqhelekileyo ye-betri ye-lithium ion yenkunkuma, kodwa ukuphuculwa ngakumbi kwee-extractants kunye neemeko zokukhutshwa Kungoku kugxininiswa kophando kule ntsimi ukufezekisa imiphumo esebenzayo kunye nokusingqongileyo kunye nemiphumo enokuphinda isetyenziswe. 3.

2, indlela yemvula kukulungiselela inkunkuma ye-lithium-ion ibhetri. Emva kokuchithwa, isisombululo se-CO, i-Li sifunyenwe, kwaye i-precipitant yongezwa kwi-precipitation, i-metal target ebalulekileyo ye-Co, i-Li, njl., ukufezekisa ukuhlukana kweentsimbi.

ILANGA et al. Ukugxininiswa usebenzisa i-H2C2O4 njenge-arhente yokukhupha ngelixa imvula ye-CO ions kwisisombululo ngendlela ye-COC 2O4, kwaye emva koko i-Al (OH) 3 kunye ne-Li2CO3 yachithwa ngokudibanisa i-NaOH kunye ne-Na2CO3. Ukwahlula; I-Pan Xiaoyong et al malunga ne-PH ilungelelaniswe kwi-5.

0, enokususa uninzi lweCu, Al, Ni. Emva kokukhutshwa okungaphezulu, i-3% ye-H2C2O4 kunye ne-Na2CO3 egcweleyo yokuhlala i-COC2O4 kunye ne-Li2CO3, i-CO yokubuyisela iphezulu kune-99% Izinga lokubuyisela i-Li liphezulu kune-98%; U-Li Jinhui uhlanjululwe emva kokulungiswa kweebhetri ze-lithium ion, ubungakanani besuntswana elingaphantsi kwe-1.43 mm lihlolwe nge-concentration ye-0.

5 ukuya 1.0 mol / L, kwaye umlinganiselo oqinileyo-ulwelo yi 15 ukuya 25 g / L. I-40 ~ 90min, ebangela ukuba i-COC2O4 i-precipitate kunye ne-Li2C2O4 isisombululo se-leaching, i-COC2O4 yokugqibela kunye ne-Li2C2O4 yokubuyisela idlule i-99%.

Imvula iphezulu, kwaye izinga lokubuyisela isinyithi esibalulekileyo liphezulu. I-pH yokulawula inokufezekisa ukuhlukana kweentsimbi, okulula ukufikelela kwi-industrialization, kodwa iphazamiseka lula kwizinto ezingcolileyo, eziphantsi. Ke ngoko, isitshixo kwinkqubo kukukhetha iarhente yemvula ekhethiweyo kunye nokwandisa ngakumbi iimeko zenkqubo, lawula ukucwangciswa kwe-ion yensimbi yabucala, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukucoceka kwemveliso.

3.3. Indlela ye-electrolytic electrolytic yokubuyisela isinyithi se-valvily kwi-lithium ion ibhetri yenkunkuma, yindlela ye-electrolysis yemichiza kwizinto ze-electrode leaching liquid, ukuze incitshiswe ibe yinye okanye intlenga.

Musa ukongeza ezinye izinto, akukho lula ukwazisa ukungcola, unokufumana iimveliso ezicocekileyo, kodwa kwimeko yee-ion ezininzi, i-deposition epheleleyo iyenzeka, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ukucoceka kwemveliso, ngelixa idla amandla ombane amaninzi. UMyoung et al. Inkunkuma ye-lithium ion yebhetri ephucukileyo ye-leaching liquid yonyango lwe-HNO3 yinto ekrwada, kwaye i-cobalt ifunyenwe ngendlela enokuthi iqhubeke.

Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-electrolysis, i-O2 iyancitshiswa ibe yi-NO3 - i-reaction yokunciphisa, i-OH-concentration yongezwa, kwaye i-CO (OH) 2 yenziwe phezu kwe-Ti cathode, kwaye unyango lobushushu lufunyenwe yi-CO3O4. Inkqubo yokusabela kweekhemikhali ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 2H2O + O2 + 4E→4OHNO3- + H2O + 2E→NO2- + 2OHCO3 ++ E→CO2 + CO2 ++ 2OH- / TI→CO (OH) 2 / Ti3CO (OH) 2 / Ti + 1 / 2O2→I-CO3O4 / TI + 3H2OFREITAS, njl., usebenzisa itekhnoloji enokuthi iqhubeke kwaye iguquguquke ukubuyisela i-CO kwizinto ezilungileyo zebhetri ye-lithium ion.

Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kwentlawulo ye-CO kuncipha njengoko i-pH inyuswa, i-pH = 5.40, amandla -1.00V, ukuxinwa kwentlawulo ye-10.

0c / cm 2, ukusebenza kakuhle kwentlawulo kuphezulu, ukufikelela kwi-96.60%. Inkqubo yokusabela kwemichiza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: CO2 ++ 2OH-→CO (OH) 2 (S) CO (OH) 2 (S) + 2E→CO (S) + 2OH-3.

I-4, indlela yokutshintshiselana nge-ion indlela yokutshintshiselana ye-ion yintlukwano kwi-adsorption ye-adsorption yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ion zetsimbi ezifana ne-Co, i-Ni, ukuqonda ukuhlukana kunye nokutsalwa kweentsimbi. FENG et al. Ukongeza ukubuyiswa kwe-CO ukusuka kwizinto ezintle ze-electrode H2SO4 leaching liquid.

Uphononongo malunga nezinga lokubuyisela i-cobalt kunye nokuhlukana kolunye ukungcola kwizinto ezifana ne-pH, umjikelo we-leach. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-resin ye-TP207 yayisetyenziselwa ukulawula i-pH = 2.5, ukujikeleza kwaphathwa nge-10.

Izinga lokususwa kweCu lifikelele kwi-97.44%, kwaye ukubuyiswa kwe-cobalt kwafikelela kwi-90.2%.

Indlela ine-selectivity eyomeleleyo ye-ion ekujoliswe kuyo, inkqubo elula kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, itsalwa ukutsalwa kwexabiso lentsimbi eguquguqukayo kwibhetri ye-lithium ion, eye yanikezela ngeendlela ezintsha, kodwa ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zomda, isicelo semizi-mveliso. I-3.5, i-saltingation ye-salinization kukunciphisa i-dielectric constant of the leaching liquid ngokongeza i-saturated (NH4) i-2SO4 isisombululo kunye ne-dielectric ephantsi ye-solvent ye-solvent kwi-lithium ion ibhetri ye-leaching solution, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa i-dielectric constant of the leaching liquid, kunye netyuwa ye-cobalt iyancipha kwisisombululo.

Indlela ilula, kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye iphantsi, kodwa phantsi kweemeko ze-ion ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi, kunye nemvula yezinye iityuwa zetsimbi, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ukucoceka kwemveliso. UJin Yujian et al, ngokwethiyori yanamhlanje yesisombululo se-electrolyte, ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium ion ezinetyuwa. I-saturated (NH4) i-2SO4 isisombululo se-aqueous kunye ne-ethanol e-anhydrous yongezwa kwi-HCl leaching liquid esuka kwi-LiiCoO2 njenge-electrode efanelekileyo, kwaye xa isisombululo, i-saturated (NH4) i-2SO4 isisombululo se-aqueous kunye ne-ethanol e-anhydrous yayiyi-2: 1: 3, CO2 + izinga lemvula Ngaphezu kwe-92%.

Imveliso enetyuwa ebangelwayo (NH4) 2CO (SO4) 2 kunye (NH4) Al (SO4) 2, esebenzisa iityuwa ezicandekileyo ukuze zihlukanise ityuwa ezimbini, ngaloo ndlela ifumana iimveliso ezahlukeneyo. Ngokumalunga nokutsalwa kunye nokwahlulwa kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo kwi-lithium ion ibhetri yenkunkuma, ezi ngasentla ziindlela ezimbalwa zokufunda ngakumbi. Ukuqwalasela izinto ezifana nomthamo wokucubungula, iindleko zokusebenza, ukucoceka kwemveliso kunye nongcoliseko lwesibini, iThebhile 2 ishwankathela indlela yobugcisa yokuthelekisa ukutsalwa kweentsimbi ezininzi ezichazwe ngasentla.

Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kumandla ombane kunye nezinye iinkalo zibanzi kakhulu, kwaye inani leebhetri ze-lithium-ion zenkunkuma azikwazi ukujongelwa phantsi. Ngeli nqanaba, inkqubo yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lithium-ion inkunkuma ibalulekile kunyango lwangaphambili - ukubuyiswa kwe-leaching-wet recycling. Unyango lwangaphambili lubandakanya ukukhupha, ukutyumza kunye nokuhlukana kwezinto ze-electrode, njl.

Phakathi kwazo, indlela yokutshatyalaliswa ilula, kwaye inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo umphumo wokwahlula kunye nesantya sokubuyisela, kodwa i-solvent ebalulekileyo esetyenziswayo ngoku (i-NMP) iyabiza ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, ukwenzela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-solvent efanelekileyo kukufanele uphando kule ntsimi. Enye yezalathiso. Inkqubo ye-leaching ibalulekile kunye ne-agent yokunciphisa i-asidi njenge-agent ye-leaching, enokufikelela kwisiphumo esikhethiweyo se-leaching, kodwa kuya kubakho ukungcola okwesibini njenge-inorganic waste liquid, kunye ne-biological leaching method inenzuzo yokusebenza kakuhle, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye neendleko eziphantsi, kodwa kukho isinyithi esibalulekileyo.

Izinga le-leaching liphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ukulungiswa kokukhethwa kweebhaktheriya kunye nokulungiswa kweemeko zokuvuza kunokunyusa izinga le-leaching, enye yezalathiso zophando lwenkqubo yexesha elizayo. Iintsimbi zeValentine kwizisombululo ezimanzi zokubuyiswa kwe-leaching zikhonkco eziphambili zenkqubo yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lithium-ion, kunye namanqaku aphambili kunye nobunzima bophando kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye neendlela ezibalulekileyo zine-solvent extraction, imvula, i-electrolysis, indlela yokutshintshiselana ion, uhlalutyo lwetyuwa Linda. Phakathi kwabo, indlela yokutsalwa kwe-solvent isetyenziswa ngoku ngeendlela ezininzi, ngongcoliseko oluphantsi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, isiphumo sokuhlukana okuphezulu kunye nokucoceka kwemveliso, kunye nokukhetha kunye nophuhliso lwee-extractants ezisebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko eziphantsi, ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo iindleko zokusebenza, kunye nokuphononongwa okuqhubekayo kwee-extractors synergies ezahlukeneyo kunokuba ngomnye wemigaqo yokugxila kule ntsimi.

Ukongeza, indlela yemvula nayo iyisitshixo kolunye ulwalathiso lophando lwayo ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo zokubuyiswa kwexabiso eliphezulu, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu. Okwangoku, ingxaki ebalulekileyo phambi kobukho bendlela yemvula iphantsi, ngoko ke, malunga nokukhethwa kunye neemeko zenkqubo ye-sedimentation, iya kulawula ulandelelwano lwe-privalent metal ion precipitation, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa ukucoceka kwemveliso kuya kuba nethemba elingcono lesicelo soshishino. Kwangaxeshanye, kwinkqubo yonyango lwebhetri ye-lithium-ion, ungcoliseko lwesibini olufana nolwelo lwenkunkuma, intsalela yenkunkuma ayinakuthintelwa, kwaye umonakalo wongcoliseko lwesibini uyancitshiswa ngelixa ubutyebi busetyenziselwa ukuphumeza inkunkuma ye-lithium ion iibhetri.

Okusingqongileyo, okusebenzayo kunye neendleko eziphantsi rec.