Iphazili yokushaja ibhethri ye-lithium kabusha

著者：Iflowpower – Dodávateľ prenosných elektrární

Uma i-2014 iyimoto entsha yezwe lami yamandla ngonyaka wokuqala we-China, i-2015 iyimoto entsha yemoto yamandla. Ngokusho kwedatha yoMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, ngo-Okthoba 2015, izwe lami likhiqize izimoto zamandla amasha angu-50,700, izikhathi ezingu-8 ngaphezu konyaka nonyaka. Uma idatha yokukhiqiza ngo-Okthoba kamuva, imoto yamandla entsha izothunyelwa ezimotweni zamandla amasha ezingaphezu kuka-300,000 ngo-2015.

Ngokukhula kwemoto yamandla entsha, inkinga yokutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo ibonakala ngokwemvelo. Indida 1: Yikuphi okungafanele kugaywe kabusha? Umbhali usebenze esithangamini esisha semboni yezimoto zamandla ngoNovemba wonyaka odlule ukuze abone ukuthi ungabheka kanjani ukugaywa kabusha kwamandla amabhethri e-lithium-ion? Impendulo ithi: manje ucabangela imfashini. Ngokombono wochwepheshe, isibalo sezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla ngaleso sikhathi aziziningi.

Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium-ion abukavuthwa. Ibhethri ye-lithium-ion yamandla ekhishiwe ibuyiselwa emuva ezikhungweni zocwaningo ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokucabangela ukugaywa kabusha kwesilinganiso esikhulu. Namuhla, ukukhishwa kwenyanga eyodwa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla ngo-Okthoba kudlule isigamu somkhiqizo wonyaka ngonyaka odlule (i-2014 imoto entsha yamandla okukhipha ngonyaka we-83,900), futhi ngenzuzo yenqubomgomo kanye nokujula okuqhubekayo kwazo zonke izinyuso zendawo, izimoto zamandla amasha Ukuvikeleka komphakathi kuzokwandisa kakhulu, inani elikhulu lamandla e-lithium-ion amabhethri azobhekana nezinkinga zokubuyisela.

Ngokwe-Automotive Technology Research Center, ngo-2020, amandla emoto kagesi wezwe lami i-lithium anqwabelene ivolumu ye-scrap izofinyelela ku-120,000 kuya ku-170,000 amathani. Kuyimpumelelo yakamuva "yokukhushulwa kwemoto yamandla entsha yezwe lami kanye nesemina ehlobene nesipiliyoni sokushintshana nentuthuko" Umsebenzi wokubuyisela ibhethri kufanele futhi ubekwe ngokushesha futhi uqale. Kuyabonakala ukuthi inkinga yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion aguqukayo ibe yinkinga okufanele sibhekane nayo.

Indida 2: Ubani onesibopho sokugaywa kabusha? Njengamanje, imboni kanye nomphakathi othile mayelana nokuthi ibhethri ye-lithium-ion eshayelayo ijwayele ukufana, ngabe ubani okufanele abe nesibopho sokuziphatha kabusha? Ngomhlaka-11 Septhemba, Ikhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko kanye noMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi bamemezele ngokuhlanganyela ukuthi "inqubomgomo yobuchwepheshe bebhethri yesitoreji samandla kagesi efanelekile (inguqulo ka-2015)" icacile, kusobala ukuthi umenzi wezimoto uzoba indikimba eyinhloko yemoto kagesi esetshenziswa amandla okugcina ibhethri kabusha. Kodwa kungakanani lokhu kuqaliswa? Enqubweni yokukhiqiza nokusebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium yamandla emoto entsha, izobandakanya izinkampani ezikhiqiza amabhethri, izinkampani zezimoto, kanye nabathengi. Inkampani ekhiqiza amabhethri inomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhiqiza amabhethri namasistimu ahlobene, nokuhlanganisa ngokuhambisana nezidingo zezinkampani zezimoto;.

Ukwelashwa kwamabhethri e-lithium ion okulahlwayo kuzokhishwa, kuhlakazwe, kucolwe, kuhlungwe, kutholwe endlini, kukhishwe i-asidi-base, njll., ubungcweti bayo akuyona inkampani ekhona yokukhiqiza i-lithium ion kanye nenkampani yezimoto engafinyeleleka ngokuhlanganyela. Kube khona ochwepheshe abathi ngenxa yezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zenqubo yokubuyisela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, kungcono kakhulu ukubuyisela indlela yokubuyisela ibhethri ezinikele.

Uchwepheshe uthe izimoto zikagesi zibike ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswe kabusha futhi asetshenziswa kabusha angulayini omusha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inkampani yezimoto noma inkampani yebhethri, izobhekana nezinselele eziningi. Ezinkampanini ezikhiqiza izinto zebhethri, ngenxa yomzila wezobuchwepheshe, ikusasa lingase lithathe ithuba lokuqala emkhakheni wokutholwa kwebhethri le-lithium-ion eliguquguqukayo. I-puzzle 3: Ungayithola kanjani kabusha? Nakuba izinkampani zokukhiqiza ibhethri zingasebenzisa izinzuzo ezithile ekubuyiseleni ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, sekuvele kunenkampani yokukhiqiza ibhethri kanye nenkampani ekhethekile yokuvuselela kabusha okumele ihileleke kuleli bhizinisi, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi okwamanje akukho okuhlangenwe nakho okufanelekile, kubhekiselwa kuyo ukuthi ibhethri ye-lithium-ion yamandla ngokungangabazeki Namanje "ulwandle olungaziwa oluluhlaza".

Ukuthi amazinga azolandela kanjani phakathi nenqubo yokuphinda uthole, futhi kuseyinombolo engaziwa. Kube khona abezindaba ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kwamanje kwezimoto zamandla amasha, ochwepheshe, njll. okwamanje zihlelelwe izimoto zamandla amasha, ochwepheshe, njll.

, izingxoxo, izingxoxo, njll. Inkampani yokukhiqiza ibhethri ikholelwa ukuthi ibhethri ye-lithium yamandla ithengiswa enkampanini yemoto, izindleko zokubuyiselwa kwebhethri kufanele zibe nesibopho yinkampani yemoto; inkampani yezimoto ikholelwa ukuthi ibhethri lisetshenziswa abathengi, izindleko zokuthola kabusha kufanele zithwalwe inkampani yezimoto kanye nabathengi Futhi abathengi bakholelwa ukuthi amabhethri abawathengayo agaywa kabusha, futhi abakhiqizi bemoto namabhethri kufanele babuyisele le ngxenye yokulahlekelwa. Indlela yokulinganisa amalungelo eqembu langempela, kanye nenkinga okufanele ibhekwe ngokucophelela umnyango othatha izinqumo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe lami alizange lethule indlela ehambisanayo yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium. Indlela evamile eyamukelwayo njengamanje eyokuthatha indlela yokutakula ye-nickel-hydrogen, nickel-cadmium, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion efana ne-electronics yabathengi, futhi kukhishwe izinsimbi ezibalulekile. Leli fomu lingakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga zokutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium eguquguqukayo esimweni sobunikazi bemoto yamandla amasha, kodwa uma inani lamabhethri e-lithium-ion aqinile lenyuke kakhulu, le ndlela isaxoxwa.

Kube khona imibono yokuthi kuzoba enye yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokuxazulula ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion exazululiwe exazululiwe. Isikhondlakhondla sezimoto i-Daimler - I-Mercedes-Benz isanda kwethula idivayisi yokugcina amandla amabhethri enezandla ezimbili enamandla angu-13 megawatts kanye nenani lezinkampani. Kodwa-ke, kukhona futhi ochwepheshe, futhi abakhiqizi bezimoto abahlukene bahlinzekwa abakhiqizi bebhethri abahlukene, futhi amamodeli ahlukene enkampani yemoto efanayo angase asebenzise amamodeli ahlukene amandla amabhethri e-lithium, okuzobangela amabhethri okugcina amandla ngokuvumelana nokuvumelana.

Inkinga Enkulu. Ngakho-ke, kukhona abangaphakathi embonini ukuthi noma umnyango othatha izinqumo kufanele uxazulule inkinga yokungaguquguquki kwesiteji sokugaywa kabusha ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindinganiso ezihambisanayo ezihambisanayo kusukela esigabeni sokukhiqiza ibhethri le-lithium yamandla. Indida 4: Iyiphi imodeli esetshenziswayo? Njengoba namanje "ulwandle oluluhlaza", iyiphi imodeli esetshenziselwa amandla okubuyisela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, futhi izinkampani ezinkulu okwamanje zisesigabeni sokuhlola.

I-Daimler - I-Mercedes-Benz ithola iphrojekthi yokugcina amandla ebhethri ye-lithium-ion noma izosebenza ngo-2016, nakuba kudingekile kuphela ukuthatha izimoto zikagesi ze-Mercedes-Benz ezingaziwa, lokhu kungase kube yinkampani yemoto yokuvuselela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla Elinye lamacala aphumelelayo okusebenzisa kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona futhi amamodeli ebhizinisi ezinkampani ezikhiqiza amabhethri nezinkampani ezichwepheshile zokugaywa kabusha okufanele zitholwe. Njengokwamukela i-BYD e-BYD e-BYD, esebenza nenkampani ye-lithium-ion yokuvuselela ibhethri i-Greenmei, enethemba lokufeza isimo esiwinayo emkhakheni wamandla wokuvuselela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ngokukhuthazwa, ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza kwesiteshi samandla okugcina amandla kanye nephrojekthi ye-photovoltaic power plant.

Kukhona nezinkampani ezikhiqiza amabhethri ezihlinzeka ngokusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi, njenge-Watma ukwakha ibhethri le-lithium-ion eligaywe kabusha eligaywe kabusha ngemva kokuhlolwa kokuphepha, ukwakha isiteshi sokugcina amandla, ukukhipha emini, ukushaja ebusuku, ukuvikela ugesi odingekayo embonini yasemini, ukunciphisa ugesi wenkampani Ingxenye yezindleko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nabangaphakathi embonini abangasetshenziswa kuma-tricycle kagesi, amasondo amabili, amandla ayisipele, ibhethri yokugcina amandla, noma into yensimbi ngokuya ngezimo ezihlukene zebhethri ye-lithium-ion ye-scrap, futhi ingasetshenziselwa izakhi zensimbi, ezingase futhi zifinyelele isitebhisi Inhloso. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imodeli yebhizinisi, ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi bangahlakazeki nebhizinisi eliyinhloko lenkampani, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke likwazi ukuthola izinzuzo eziphezulu zezomnotho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion yamandla, ukwakha imboni, kuyadingeka ukusungula indawo ekhethekile yokutakula, futhi indawo yokuvuselela kabusha kufanele ibe kude nenkaba yedolobha futhi akufanele ibe kakhulu ukuvimbela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion. Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkampani kufanele iphinde isakazwe yinkampani, futhi isimo "sokuphazamiseka" esikhathini esidlule isixhumanisi sokubuyisela ibhethri sivinjelwa ukuvimbela ibhethri "ukubusa kokungcola kokuqala".