Sikuphi isimo sokuphazamiseka embonini yokugaya kabusha amabhethri omthofu wemfucuza?

著者：Iflowpower – Mofani oa Seteishene sa Motlakase se nkehang

Ikuphi inkinga yesimo esingahlelekile embonini yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri kadoti? Ezweni lami, cishe amathani ayizigidi ezi-3 amabhethri emfucumfucu athatha umhlalaphansi unyaka ngamunye, kuphela ama-30% eziteshi ezijwayelekile ezigaywa kabusha, okungukuthi, ukugcinwa kwemfucuza okuningi ukucutshungulwa kokutholwa kwebhethri kwenziwa ngeziteshi ezingakahleleki. Eqinisweni, ukulinganisa ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri kadoti kuye kwaphindwa, futhi iminyango kahulumeni efanele yethule izinqubomgomo eziningi. Kodwa-ke, imboni yamanje yokubuyisela ibhethri lemfucuza isengaqondile, yini inkinga? Ikuphi inkinga yesimo esingahlelekile embonini yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri kadoti? izwe lami liyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni elihamba phambili kanye nezwe elithumela kwamanye amazwe.

Ngo-2017, ukukhiqizwa okuholayo kwezwe lami bekungamathani ayizigidi ezi-4.72, okubalelwa ku-44% wawo wonke umthofu wokuhola. Izinga lokuthola kabusha kwamabhethri e-lead-acid ehleliwe emazweni athuthukile njenge-Europe, US, Japan lidlule u-90%, futhi izinga lokutakula elihlelekile lezwe lami lingaphansi kwama-30%.

Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo semakethe, izwe lami seliphenduke imakethe yebhethri eneasidi yomthofu enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, futhi inani lamabhethri e-lead-asidi etholakala njalo ngonyaka lidlula amathani ayizigidi ezi-3. Kunezifunda eziningi ezikhulayo, futhi amandla emakethe amabhethri e-lead-asidi kadoti awamancane. Ebhethrini ngalinye, ipuleti lesigxobo eliholayo lithatha u-74% wesabelo, kanti i-sulfuric acid yenza ama-20%.

Ngenxa yomthamo olinganiselwe wokusebenzisa kabusha, kunesimbotshana sokugadwa, inani elikhulu lamabhethri emfucuza ageleza "emakethe emnyama". Njengamanje, isimo sokungahlelekile semboni yokutholwa kwebhethri le-lead-acid engcolile sisekhona. Zisengaphezu kwengxenye yezifundazwe ezingenazo iziqu zokutholwa kwebhethri le-asidi ewumthofu.

Njengamanje, isimo "sokuxosha imali ephansi" senziwe emkhakheni wokubuyisela ibhethri le-lead-acid. Amanye "ama-workshops amancane" angekho emthethweni anokungaziphathi kahle kanye nezinkampani ezijwayelekile zithatha ibhizinisi. Iyini imbangela yokungalungi kwebhethri le-lead-acid yamanje? 1.

Futhi ngokungemthetho "i-workshop encane" ithembele ngembazo, isitofu sanele, cishe u-zero, ukuze bakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu intengo yokuthenga, kanye nebhizinisi elivamile lokubamba inkampani. 2, akukho okugqamile kokuthathwa kokuthathwa komnikelo wokuthambekela, futhi iminyango ethintekayo ayikwazi ukusebenzisa, futhi imfucuza yemoto ejwayelekile ye-4S yesitolo isezingeni elifanele, kodwa indawo yokugcinwa kwemoto yokulungisa imoto Ukucwasa, ngezinga elikhulu, inani elikhulu, elibuye likhulise ubunzima bokuqondisa bokuphatha. 3, ukuntuleka kokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo okusekelayo, uhlelo olujwayelekile lokugaywa kabusha alukakasungulwa nakuba umbuso wenze ukulahlwa kwemithombo ecacile yokulahlwa kwebhethri le-lead-acid, kodwa ngokusebenza ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinqubomgomo nemithethonqubo eyisibopho, izimali ezengeziwe, kanye Ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokugaywa kabusha kunzima ukukubona esikhathini esifushane, okuholela entshisekweni futhi ukusebenza kwesistimu yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri kwakungeyona indlela yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri. ibambezelekile.

4 Ukulahlwa kwebhethri le-asidi ewumthofu kudida kakhulu, okungangabazeki ukuthi kukhulisa ukuphathwa kokugadwa komnyango wokuphatha. Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokubuyisela ibhethri le-lead-asidi udoti kuwumsebenzi omkhulu wesistimu yezenhlalo. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezindlela zokusebenza, eminye iminyango noma amayunithi awazimisele ukubamba iqhaza, umnyango olawula udoti oyingozi kuphela ovame ukuba nzima ukuwuxazulula.

Ungakunqanda kanjani ukuziphatha kwebhethri eligaywe kabusha ngokungekho emthethweni? (1) Kutuswa ukuthi uhulumeni ahole ekusunguleni inkundla yokuphatha uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha olugunyazwe kakhulu ukuze kuzuzwe kangcono ukugadwa komjikelezo wempilo ogcwele wemikhiqizo yebhethri. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga likazwelonke kufanele likhishwe, kusukela ekuqineni, kusukela emisebenzini yokugaywa kabusha kochungechunge lwezimboni olungekho emthethweni lwebhethri. (2) Umthwalo wentela nezindleko zenkampani ethola ibhethri kufanele uncishiswe nakakhulu, njengezinkampani zamabhethri ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuvikela imvelo kazwelonke nezasekhaya, futhi zikhiphe izintela zokuvikela imvelo.

(3) Njengoba umthombo webhethri omningi wenkampani egaya kabusha kuyisitolo sokukhanda esidayisa ibhethri noma umuntu ngamunye, akunakwenzeka ukuthola i-invoyisi ye-VAT, engenayo intela ekhokhwayo, futhi ingabhekisela ezingeni elijwayelekile lomkhokhintela, futhi ufake isicelo sokuthi iminyango yentela ivuleke ngokuvumelana no-3% webhili. Uma sibheka ukuphathwa kwesistimu yokugaywa kabusha yamazwe athuthukile, umsebenzi wawo obalulekile awukona ukuxazulula noma ubani okukhulunywa ngaye ekugayweni kabusha, kodwa ukuphatha okusemthethweni kwesixhumanisi sokugaywa kabusha. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi ibhethri le-asidi yemfucuza yonakele, ukulahlwa ngendlela engafanele noma alikho, lizoba umthombo wokungcola kwendawo.

Abangaphakathi embonini bakholelwa ukuthi inqubomgomo yokubukeza ibalulekile ekulinganiseni amabhethri kadoti, agcinwe, athuthwe, avuselelwe, futhi akhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kokuthuthukiswa kochungechunge lokujikeleza kwamabhethri.