Izinga elijwayelekile lokutholwa kwebhethri yesitoreji sikadoti lingaphansi kuka-30%

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Mea Hoolako Uku Uku

Izwe lami lingumkhiqizi wamabhethri amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni kanye nezwe elithumela kwamanye amazwe, kodwa uhlelo lokuthola ibhethri elilahlekile alikhululeki kakhulu. Muva nje, intatheli ethi "Umbiko Wezomnotho" ifunde kuMnyango Wokuvikelwa Kwemvelo Isikhungo Socwaningo Lwezemvelo Nenqubomgomo Yezomnotho kanye Nesimo Esikhona Nezinyathelo Zokulwa Nokulawulwa Kokugaywa Kabusha Kwebhethri Lemfucuza ezweni lami, inani lamabhethri emfucumfucu avela minyaka yonke leqe i-China amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.6, kodwa isilinganiso esivamile sokuthola kabusha singaphansi kuka-30%.

Imboni yokubuyisa udoti isesimweni sokungazi, cishe amaphesenti angama-80 ebhethri lemfucuza isangena ezixhumanisini ezingekho emthethweni zokugaywa kabusha nokucubungula ngokushushumbiswa kwabantu ngabanye, futhi inani elikhulu lokugcinwa kwemfucuza lihlakazwa ngokungahleliwe, futhi izinkinga zemvelo ezenzekayo ziya ngokuya ziba zimbi. Eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, ibhethri yokulondoloza udoti ibikhuphuka ngokushesha eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule. Ingumkhiqizi wamabhethri amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni kanye nezwe elithumela kwamanye amazwe.

UMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ubonise ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwebhethri kufinyelela ku-174863,000 kVah, ekhuphuke ngo-2011. 27%. Umbiko wocwaningo "wezwe lami Ukuphathwa Kabusha Kwebhethri kanye Nezinyathelo Zokubala", okumenyezelwe ngokuhlanganyela nguMnyango Wezokuvikela Imvelo, kanye neNhlangano Yezokuvikela Imithombo Yemvelo, iChina nayo yaziwa, futhi izwe lami liyasetshenziswa nasekusetshenzisweni kwebhethri, futhi ibhethri lisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokuthutha, ezokuxhumana, zikagesi, izitimela nezinye izimboni.

Phakathi kwabo, kunezigaba ezintathu zebhethri ye-lithium-ion yebhayisikili yamandla kagesi, kanye nezigaba ezintathu ze-akhawunti yokugcina amandla ka-90% wokusetshenziswa okuphelele. Inani lamabhethri emfucumfucu nalo liyamangalisa kakhulu, futhi inani lamabhethri alahlwayo avela minyaka yonke lidlula amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.6.

Umnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi owakhishwa ngo-2010 (Okusalungiswa Kwenhlanganisela), izinga lokuthola kabusha kwebhethri lemfucuza emazweni athuthukile njenge-Europe, United States, Japan, njll., kanye nezwe lami lokugaywa kabusha okuhleliwe Izinga elingaphansi elingaphansi kwama-30%. Okwamanje, ayikho inethiwekhi kazwelonke neyesifunda yokuvuselela kabusha eyakhiwe abakhiqizi bebhethri noma abakhiqizi abaholayo abavuselelwe.

U-Cao Guoqing, iphini likanobhala jikelele we-Battery Industry Association yezwe lami, uthe ukutholwa kwebhethri le-lead-acid engcolile, iziteshi ngazinye zibalelwa ku-50% -60%, kanye nebhethri lemfucuza eligeleza ezinkampanini ezihola ukuvuselelwa kabusha okungejwayelekile kungenye yezimpande zokungcoliswa komthofu. Isixhumanisi sokugaywa kabusha sinebhethri elibucayi "i-asidi evuselelwe", ezinye izinkampani zomthofu ezivuselelwe azinawo amabhethri emfucuza angenayo i-asidi, futhi ukugeleza kwe-asidi yemfucuza akucacile, ukungcoliswa komthofu kanye nengozi yokungcoliswa kwe-asidi inkulu kakhulu. Njengamanje, umthamo wokuthengisa wamabhethri ezimoto ubalwa ngokusho kwezigidi ezingu-50 kVah, okuyi-30 million kVah ecebile, amathani angaba ngu-150,000 omthofu ahlanza i-sulfuric acid, cishe amathani angu-42,000 e-sulfuric acid; eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthululwa kwe-asidi yomthofu kuyanda, ngo-2008 Isamba se-asidi sasingamathani angama-99,500, safinyelela ku-2.

614 million amathani ngo-2012. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi, imboni yezwe lami yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri egcina udoti ngokuvamile ayiqondile, futhi ibhethri lemfucuza ligeleza liye ezinkampanini ezihola ukukhiqiza kabusha okungajwayelekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkampani "idla unsaturated".

Ngokubhekiselwa olwazini olufanele oluhlobene nochwepheshe, ukuvela kwaminyaka yonke kwamabhethri emfucuza yaseBeijing cishe amathani ayi-12 kuye kwayi-150,000 ngonyaka, futhi isilinganiso esilinganiselwe singekho amathani ayi-100,000. Nokho, okuwukuphela kwenkampani eBeijing enamathani angu-7,000 amabhethri alahlwayo ngonyaka odlule. Kukhona ngaphansi kwe-10% yezinga lokutholwa kwezicubu.

Iqembu leShanxi Yang Coal Shanxi Ji Jijian Technology Co., Ltd. wakha uchungechunge lwemboni yokuhlanza ibhethri engamathani ayi-100,000, kodwa amathani ayi-15,000 kuphela.

I-Shanghai njengamanje inenani lonyaka lokuba khona kwebhethri ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-8.5-95, kuyilapho kuphela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-0.7 amashifu ayingozi eziteshini ezivamile ngokusebenzisa iziteshi ezivamile.

Ukulawulwa kokubuyiswa kwemfucuza kubhekene nezinselelo ezine ezinkulu. "Nakuba ibhethri lemfucuza ingenye yemikhiqizo engama-49 yemfucuza eyingozi ku-National Hazardous Waste Directory, kunemithetho eqinile yokugaywa kabusha kwayo, ukugcinwa nokulahlwa kwayo, kodwa empeleni, ngenxa yokushoda kwezinqubo ezisekelayo ezihlobene, izinyathelo, nokulawula, ibhizinisi elikhona kanye nokuncintisana okungahlelekile. U-Yang Xiaoming, unjiniyela omkhulu we-Environmental and Economic Policy Research Centre, eMnyangweni Wokuvikelwa Kwemvelo, uthe.

U-Yang Xiaoming kanye nabanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukubuka sekukonke izinselelo ezine ezinkulu ekuphathweni kokutholwa kwebhethri yasekhaya. Okokuqala, inani elikhulu lezifundo ezingekho emthethweni likhona emakethe, isifundo sokutholwa kweziqu asinakho inzuzo yokuncintisana ngentengo. Ngokusho kwedatha, ukukhishwa okuhola kokuvuselelwa cishe ku-1.

23 million amathani ngo-2009, 200-300 evuselelekayo lead izinkampani, isilinganiso isilinganiso yenkampani kuphela 0.67-045 million amathani / ngonyaka. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuncintisana ngenxa yenani lokuthola kabusha lezinkampani zokuthola iziqu, inani lebhethri likadoti elitholwe yinkampani kanye nabasebenzisi bebhethri alanele, futhi izindleko zemodeli yamanje zinzima ukwehliswa.

Iphini Lomphathi-Jikelele Wenkampani ka-Shanxi Ji Tianli u-Wan Xuejie unomuzwa. Utshele izintatheli ukuthi ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri kuka-Ji Tianli kukhulu, bese inkampani ekhiqiza kabusha kufanele ikhokhe intela engu-17% ye-value-added tax, futhi ukugaywa kabusha kokugcinwa kwemfucuza kungaphansi kwama-yuan / ton angama-4,000, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzolahlekelwa yimali. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izincibilikisi ezincane zinenzuzo ye-7,000 / ton.

“Isincibilikisi esincane esingajwayelekile siningi kakhulu, ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kanye nemali engenayo ayilingani, sibhekene nobunzima bokungabi bikho kwebhodwe lelayisi. "kusho u-Wan Xuejie. Okwesibili, isibopho sabakhiqizi, abathengisi, abasebenzisi, nabagayli kabusha kulo lonke uhlelo alunazo izidingo ezijwayelekile, futhi uhlelo olusemthethweni kunzima ukulwenza.

Naphezu kwezinhlinzeko ezifanele "Zomthetho Wokuphromotha Umnotho Oyindilinga", awukakhishwa kuze kube manje, imikhiqizo igaywa kabusha ngenkani noma izinto zokupakisha. Okwesithathu, imakethe iphezulu. "Izinyathelo Zokulawulwa Kwelayisense Yebhizinisi Lemfucuza Eyingozi" kanye "Nemininingwane Yobuchwepheshe Yokulawulwa Kokungcoliswa Kwebhethri Lemfucuza" ibeka ukuthi amayunithi anamalayisense ebhizinisi ahlanganisiwe kadoti oyingozi angabamba iqhaza ekugcinweni kwemfucuza, ukugcina nokulahlwa, njll.

Ngenxa yomkhawulo ophezulu wokufaka izicelo zamalayisense ebhizinisi adidiyelwe kadoti oyingozi, izinkampani eziningi noma abantu ngabanye kunzima ukuzuza. U-Cao Guoqing uthe azikho izinkampani ezingaphezu kwezi-5 ezineziqu zebhethri eligaywe kabusha elichwepheshile e-China. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyunithi eneziqu zebhizinisi lemfucuza eyingozi ayinalo ikhono lokusabalalisa inhlobonhlobo yamanethiwekhi okugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ngokuzimela.

Okwesine, ukugadwa ngokuhlanganyela kweminyango eminingi kukhulu. Inqwaba yezinhlaka zikahulumeni ezibandakanyekayo ohlelweni lokubuyisela ibhethri lokugcinwa kukadoti, kuphela ngomnyango wokuvikela imvelo okunzima ukukufeza. Imithethonqubo kanye nezibonelelo zezomnotho zibalulekile ekugxilweni kwazo.

Amazwe athuthukile asungule uhlelo oluphelele lokubuyisela ibhethri likadoti, kunezindlela ezintathu ezibalulekile, enye eyokuthi abakhiqizi bamabhethri banesibopho sokugaywa kabusha ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yabo yokudayisa; okwesibili, uchwepheshe ekuqoqeni ibhethri ngokwemithetho kahulumeni. Umfelandawonye ophoqelelwe nokugaywa kabusha kukadoti womthofu (okuhlanganisa imikhakha yezimboni zikahulumeni, iminyango yokuvikela indawo ezungezile nokukhiqizwa kwamabhethri, ukuthengiswa komjikelezo wokukhiqiza wesibili wokuqoqa, ukugaywa kabusha nokuhola) nezinkampani ezichwepheshile zokugaywa kabusha; okwesithathu ukwakha inkampani ethile yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-Waste. Ibhethri lemfucuza elihlanganisiwe lezindlela ezintathu ezingenhla zokuthola kabusha lisingathwa umthofu wokuvuselela okusemthethweni, futhi uhulumeni unikeza ibhethri elithile likadoti ezinkampanini eziholayo ezivuselelekayo.

Ochwepheshe abavela ku-Environmental and Economic Policy Research Centre kanye ne-Natural Resources Protection Association bakholelwa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwamabhethri okugcina imfucuza kuwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lobunjiniyela olubandakanya inqwaba yezinto ezithakaselayo ezifana nohulumeni, ukukhiqiza, ukuvuselela kabusha nokuvuselela kabusha, nomphakathi, ukwakha uhlelo oluphelele lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri le-Waste Storage, kuhlanganiswe nolwazi oluhlobene namazwe ngamazwe, izwe lami lizoqala kusuka kulezi zici ezilandelayo: Okokuqala, umnyango wokugcinwa kwemithetho yokugcinwa kabusha kwemithetho kahulumeni kufanele ukhuphule umthetho wokugaywa kabusha kwe-recycling. Ukulinganisa isibopho nesibopho samatheminali omthengi ekubuyiseleni okuvamile nokulahlwa kwamabhethri alahlwayo, kufanele kucacise ukuthi abathengi ngabanye bazobuyisela amabhethri amadala endaweni yokuthengisa, futhi abasebenzisi beqembu bangaphansi kwesistimu yangasese ukuze baphenye isibopho sabo esihambisanayo sokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Khuthaza abathengisi abanemibandela kanye nabanye abaqoqi ukuthi basebenzise kabusha amabhethri okugcina imfucuza ezindaweni zabathengi, bathuthukise "Izinyathelo Zokuphatha Zelayisensi Yebhizinisi Lemfucuza Eyingozi", bafake ukugcinwa kukadoti kumalayisensi okuqoqwa kwemfucuza eyingozi, futhi bakhuthaze ababambiqhaza bemakethe ukuthi balawule ukuhlanganyela; qinisa ukugcinwa kwebhethri Ukusebenza kwesiteshi esisemthethweni sokuthuthwa kwamabhethri, ukukhuthaza abakhiqizi bamabhethri ukuthi basungule amanethiwekhi okushintshanisa amabhethri amasha namadala asebenzayo, ezokuthutha zokulwa, ezokuthutha zokulwa; ukuqinisa ukugadwa kwendle kwezinkampani eziqeqeshiwe ezilungisa indle, kukhuthaze ukuvuselelwa kwemishini, kanye nokungcoliswa Izinga lokukhipha indle, kancane kancane nakwamanye amazwe, linciphisa ukungcola; hlanganisa ibhethri kukhathalogi yomkhiqizo wokugaya kabusha ngempoqo, sebenzisa ukukhiqizwa kwabakhiqizi bebhethri, uhlelo lokunwetshwa kwesibopho sabakhiqizi.

Okwesibili ukukhuthaza ukusungulwa kweketango lokulawula ngenkontileka yezomnotho embonini. Bonke ababambiqhaza emkhakheni wabakhiqizi bebhethri nokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri banobudlelwano bezomnotho, futhi ukubambisana kungaqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukuthi isistimu yokugaywa kabusha izisebenza ngokwazo ngokomthetho wemakethe futhi yenza zonke izinhlangothi ukuthi zithole indawo enenzuzo. Abakhiqizi nabathengisi, abakhiqizi nabancibilikisi bangasungula ukubambisana ngezinkontileka.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, noma yiziphi izinyathelo zokugqugquzela ezisekelwe ezindleleni zemakethe kufanele zisekelwe ekugadweni okusemthethweni nokuqinile, ngokusekelwe emqhudelwaneni ofanelekile wenkampani. "Ezimisweni ezinhle zenqubomgomo kanye nemithetho nemithethonqubo, kungenzeka ukuzuza (ibhethri likadoti) izinga eliphezulu lokuthola kabusha. "Abameli Abaphezulu beNhlangano Yokuvikelwa Kwemithombo Yemvelo bathe" ukubamba iqhaza komthengisi kuzogqugquzela ukugaywa kabusha, imithethonqubo kanye nezikhuthazo zezomnotho zamabhethri alahlwayo, okuwukhiye ekukhuthazeni lokhu kuhlanganyela.

“Okwesithathu wukuqhuba imfundo nomhlahlandlela. Njengokusetha omaka endaweni yebhethri yokuthengisa noma ukukhishwa, njll.