Ibhetri yogcino lwenkunkuma isantya sokubuyisela rhoqo singaphantsi kwama-30%

Umbhali : Iflowpower - UMboneleli weSikhululo saMandla esiphathwayo

ilizwe lam lelona lizwe livelisa ibhetri enkulu kunye nelizwe elithumela ngaphandle, kodwa inkqubo yokubuyisela ibhetri yenkunkuma ayikhululekanga kakhulu. Kutshanje, "iNgxelo yezoQoqosho" intatheli ifunde kwiSebe lokuSingqongileyo kunye neZiko loPhando loMgaqo-nkqubo wezoQoqosho kunye neSimo esikhoyo kunye neMilinganiselo yelizwe lam lokuLawula iNkunkuma yeBattery yokuRisayikilishwa kwilizwe lam, inani leebhetri zenkunkuma ezenzeka minyaka le zidlule eTshayina 2.6 yezigidi zeetoni, kodwa umlinganiselo wokubuyisela rhoqo ungaphantsi kwama-30%.

Ishishini lokubuyisela ibhetri yenkunkuma yimeko engaqondanga, phantse i-80% yenkunkuma yebhetri isaqukuqela kuqhagamshelo olungekho mthethweni lokurisayikilishwa nokulungiswa ngokurhweba ngabantu ngokurhweba, kwaye inani elikhulu logcino lwenkunkuma luchithwa ngokungenamkhethe, kwaye iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ziya zisanda. Kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo, ibhetri yokugcina inkunkuma iye yanda ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo. Lelona lizwe livelisa iibhetri ezinkulu kunye nelizwe elithumela ngaphandle.

UMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi ubonise ukuba imveliso yebhetri ifikelela kwi-174863,000 kVah, eyanyuka kwi-2011. 27%. Ingxelo yophando "yelizwe lam iBattery Recycling Management and Countermeasures", edityaniswe ngokudibeneyo nguMphathiswa woKhuseleko lweNdalo, kunye noMbutho woKhuseleko lweNdalo, i-China nayo iyaziwa, kwaye ilizwe lam lisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri, kwaye ibhetri isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezothutho, unxibelelwano, umbane, oololiwe kunye namanye amashishini.

Phakathi kwabo, kukho iindidi ezintathu zebhayisekile yombane ibhetri ye-lithium-ion, kunye neendidi ezintathu ze-akhawunti yokunikezelwa kwamandla okugcina i-90% yokusetyenziswa okupheleleyo. Inani leebhetri zenkunkuma nalo liyamangalisa kakhulu, kwaye inani leebhetri zenkunkuma ezibonakala ngonyaka lidlula iitoni zezigidi ezi-2.6.

UbuPhathiswa boShishino kunye nobuChwepheshe boLwazi olwakhutshwa ngo-2010 (i-Draft for Combination), izinga lokufumana kwakhona ibhetri yenkunkuma kumazwe aphuhlileyo afana neYurophu, iMelika, iJapan, njl. Okwangoku, akukho nethiwekhi yesizwe neyengingqi yokurisayikilisha eyakhiwe ngabavelisi beebhetri okanye abavelisi abakhokelayo abahlaziyiweyo.

U-Cao Guoqing, usekela-nobhala jikelele we-Battery Industry Association yelizwe lam, wathi ukubuyiswa kwebhetri ye-lead-asidi yenkunkuma, iziteshi zomntu ngamnye zibalelwa kwi-50% -60%, kwaye ibhetri yenkunkuma egeleza kwiinkampani ezikhokelayo zokuhlaziywa ngokutsha yenye yeengcambu zongcoliseko lwelothe. Ikhonkco lokuphinda lisetyenziselwe ibhetri enzulu "i-asidi ehlaziyiweyo", ezinye iinkampani ezikhokelayo ezihlaziyiweyo aziqulathanga iibhetri ze-asidi ezingenayo inkunkuma, kwaye ukuhamba kwe-asidi yenkunkuma akucaci, ungcoliseko lwelothe kunye nomngcipheko wongcoliseko lwe-asidi mkhulu kakhulu. Okwangoku, umthamo wokuthengisa weebhetri zemoto ubalwa ngokwe-50 yezigidi ze-kVah, apho i-30 yezigidi ze-kVah isisityebi, malunga neetoni ze-150,000 ze-lead dilute sulfuric acid, malunga neetoni ezingama-42,000 ze-sulfuric acid; kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inkunkuma ilothe ukugalela acid iyenyuka, 2008 Isixa lilonke le acid yaba 99,500 iitoni, yafikelela 2.

614 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2012. Kuyaqondwa ukuba kwelinye icala, indawo yogcino lwebhetri yelizwe lam iqhelekile ngokungazi, kwaye ibhetri eyinkunkuma iphumela kwiinkampani ezikhokelayo zohlaziyo olungaqhelekanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkampani "idla i-unsaturated".

Ngokubhekiselele kulwazi olufanelekileyo olunxulumene neengcali, ukuvela ngonyaka kweebhetri zenkunkuma zaseBeijing zimalunga ne-12 ukuya kwi-150,000 yeetoni / ngonyaka, kwaye uqikelelo olulondolozayo alukho ngaphantsi kweetoni ze-100,000. Nangona kunjalo, inkampani ekuphela kwayo eBeijing ineetoni ezingama-7,000 zeebhetri zenkunkuma kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Kukho ngaphantsi kwe-10% yezinga lokubuyisela izicubu.

Iqela leShanxi Yang Coal Shanxi Ji Jijian Technology Co., Ltd. yakha i-100,000-toni yasekhaya yokucoca ibhetri yokuqala imveliso evaliweyo yoshishino, kodwa kuphela iitoni ezili-15,000.

I-Shanghai okwangoku inenani lonyaka lobukho bebhetri kwi-8.5-95 yezigidi zeetoni, ngelixa kuphela i-0.7 yezigidi zeetoni zokutshintsha okuyingozi ngokusebenzisa amajelo aqhelekileyo ngokusebenzisa amajelo aqhelekileyo.

Ulawulo lokubuyisela ukugcinwa kwenkunkuma lujongene nemingeni emine emikhulu. "Nangona ibhetri yenkunkuma yenye yeemveliso ezingama-49 zenkunkuma enobungozi kwiNational Hazardous Waste Directory, kukho imigaqo engqongqo yokuphinda isetyenziswe, ukugcinwa kwayo kunye nokulahlwa kwayo, kodwa ngokusebenza, ngenxa yokungabikho kwePhenomenon yemigaqo-nkqubo exhasayo, imilinganiselo, kunye nolawulo, ishishini elikhoyo kunye nokhuphiswano olungahambi kakuhle. Yang Xiaoming, injineli ephezulu yeZiko loPhando loMgaqo-nkqubo weNdalo kunye noQoqosho, iSebe loKhuseleko lweNdalo, litshilo.

UYang Xiaoming kunye nezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukujonga ngokubanzi imingeni emine kulawulo lokubuyisela ibhetri yasekhaya. Okokuqala, inani elikhulu lezifundo ezingekho mthethweni zikhona kwiimarike, isifundo sokubuyisela isiqinisekiso asinalo inzuzo yokukhuphisana kwexabiso. Ngokutsho kwedatha, i-regeneration lead output imalunga ne-1.

23 million iitoni ngo-2009, 200-300 iinkampani ekhokelayo ehlaziyiweyo, isikali umndilili yenkampani kuphela 0.67-045 million iitoni / ngonyaka. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kokhuphiswano ngenxa yexabiso lokubuyisela kwiinkampani zokubuyisela isiqinisekiso, isixa sebhetri yenkunkuma efunyenwe yinkampani kunye nabathengi bebhetri ayanelanga, kwaye iindleko zemodeli yangoku yeendleko kunzima ukuhla.

UShanxi Ji Tianli uSekela Mlawuli Jikelele weNkampani u-Wan Xuejie unemvakalelo. Uxelele iintatheli ukuba i-Ji Tianli inkunkuma yokuphinda isetyenziswe ibhetri inkulu, kwaye ke inkampani yokuhlaziya kufuneka ihlawule i-17% yerhafu eyongeziweyo, kwaye ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ukugcinwa kwenkunkuma kungaphantsi kwe-4,000 yuan / ton, kungenjalo iya kulahlekelwa yimali. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izinyibilikisi ezincinci zinenzuzo ye-7,000 / toni.

"Isinyibilikisi esincinci esingaqhelekanga sininzi kakhulu, utyalo-mali olukhulu kunye nengeniso ayilingani, sijongene nobunzima bokungabi nambiza yerayisi. "Wan Xuejie uthe. Okwesibini, uxanduva lwabavelisi, abathengisi, abasebenzisi, kunye nohlaziyo kwinkqubo yonke abanazo iimfuno eziqhelekileyo, kwaye inkqubo esemthethweni kunzima ukuseka.

Ngaphandle kwamagatya afanelekileyo "oMthetho wokuKhuthaza uQoqosho lweSetyhula", awukakhutshelwanga okwangoku, ngokunyanzeliswa ukurisayikilishwa kweemveliso okanye imathiriyeli yokupakisha. Okwesithathu, imarike iphezulu. "Amanyathelo oLawulo lweLayisensi yoShishino lweNkunkuma eyiNgozi" kunye "neNgcaciso yobuGcisa yoLawulo loNgcoliseko lweBatri yeNkunkuma" ichaza ukuba iiyunithi ezineelayisensi zoshishino ezidibeneyo ezinobungozi zinokubandakanyeka ekugcinweni kwenkunkuma, ukugcinwa kunye nokulahlwa, njl.

Ngenxa yomgangatho ophezulu wokufaka izicelo kwiilayisensi ezidityanisiweyo zenkunkuma enobungozi, iinkampani ezininzi okanye abantu ngabanye kunzima ukufikelela kubo. UCao Guoqing uthe azikho ngaphezulu kweenkampani ezi-5 ezineziqinisekiso zebhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenzisiweyo eTshayina. Kwelinye icala, iyunithi enesiqinisekiso seshishini lenkunkuma enobungozi ayinakho ukukwazi ukusasaza uluhlu olubanzi lweenethiwekhi zokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwibhetri ngokuzimeleyo.

Okwesine, ulongamelo oludibeneyo lwamasebe amaninzi lukhulu. Inani lee-arhente zikarhulumente ezibandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokubuyisela ibhetri yokugcina inkunkuma, kuphela ngesebe lokukhusela indalo kunzima ukufezekisa. Imimiselo kunye nenkuthazo yezoqoqosho zingundoqo kugxininiso.

Amazwe aphuhlileyo aseke inkqubo yokubuyisela inkunkuma yenkunkuma epheleleyo ngokwentelekiso, kukho iindlela ezintathu ezibalulekileyo, enye yeyokuba abavelisi beebhetri banoxanduva lokurisayikilisheka ngothungelwano lwabo lokuthengisa; okwesibini, ukugxila ekuqokeleleni ibhetri ngokwemigaqo karhulumente. Umanyano olunyanzelwayo kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma ekhokelayo (kuquka amacandelo oshishino karhulumente, amasebe okhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokuveliswa kwebhetri, ukuthengisa kumjikelo wesibini wemveliso wokuqokelela, ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokukhokela) kunye neenkampani ezichwephesha zokurisayikilisha; okwesithathu kukwakha iNkunkuma yenkampani yokurisayikilisha. Ibhetri edityanisiweyo yenkunkuma yezi ndlela zintathu zingasentla zokubuyisela iphathwa ngokukhokelela ngokutsha okusesikweni, kwaye urhulumente unika ibhetri yenkunkuma ethile kwiinkampani ezikhokelayo ezivuselelekayo.

Iingcaphephe zeZiko loPhando loMgaqo-nkqubo wezokusiNgqongileyo kunye noQoqosho kunye noMbutho woKhuseleko lweZibonelelo zeNdalo zikholelwa ukuba ukwakhiwa kweebhetri zokugcinwa kwenkunkuma yinkqubo yobunjineli entsonkothileyo ebandakanya inani leentloko ezinomdla ezifana norhulumente, imveliso, ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokuvuselelwa ngokutsha, kunye noluntu, ukwakha iNkunkuma egqibeleleyo yogcino inkqubo yokuhlaziya ibhetri, idityaniswe namava anxulumene nezizwe ngezizwe, ilizwe lam liya kuqala ukusuka kule miba ilandelayo: Okokuqala, ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho yesebe kunye nokunyusa umgangatho worhulumente wokulungisa. Ukulinganisa uxanduva kunye noxanduva lweetheminali zabathengi ekubuyiseni rhoqo kunye nokulahlwa kweebhetri zenkunkuma, kufuneka icacise ukuba abathengi ngabanye baya kubuyisela iibhetri ezindala kwindawo yokuthengisa, kwaye abasebenzisi beqela baxhomekeke kwinkqubo yabucala ukuphanda uxanduva lwabo oluhambelana nokungcoliseka kwendalo. Ukukhuthaza abathengisi abanemiqathango kunye nabanye abaqokeleli ukuba baphinde basebenzise iibhetri zokugcina inkunkuma kwiindawo zabathengi, baphucule "Imilinganiselo yoLawulo lweLayisensi yoShishino lweNkunkuma eyiNgozi", babandakanye ukugcinwa kwenkunkuma kwiimvume zokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma enobungozi, kwaye bakhuthaze abathathi-nxaxheba kwimarike ukuba balawule intatho-nxaxheba; ukomeleza ugcino Ukusebenza kwejelo lothutho lwenkunkuma esemthethweni, ukukhuthaza abavelisi beebhetri ukuba baseke uthungelwano olusebenzayo lokutshintshiselana ngebhetri amatsha namadala, ukulwa ezothutho, ukulwa ezothutho; ukomeleza ulongamelo lwelindle kwiinkampani eziqeqeshiweyo zokulungisa ukubuyiswa, ukukhuthaza uhlaziyo lwezixhobo, kunye nongcoliseko Umgangatho wokukhupha izinto eziphathekayo, ngokuthe ngcembe nakwamanye amazwe, unciphisa ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko; bandakanya ibhetri kwikhathalogu yemveliso yokurisayikilisha ngenkani, phumeza imveliso yabavelisi bebhetri, inkqubo yokwandisa uxanduva lwabavelisi.

Okwesibini kukukhuthaza ukusekwa kwekhonkco lolawulo ngekhontrakthi yezoqoqosho kwishishini. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwicandelo labavelisi beebhetri kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe ibhetri banobudlelwane boqoqosho, kwaye intsebenziswano inokuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba inkqubo yokurisayikilisha isebenza ngokwayo ngokomthetho wemarike kwaye yenza ukuba onke amaqela afumane indawo enenzuzo. Abavelisi kunye nabathengisi, abavelisi kunye nabanyibilikisiweyo banokuseka intsebenziswano ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano.

Kwangaxeshanye, nawaphi na amanyathelo enkuthazo asekelwe kwiindlela zemarike kufuneka asekelwe kulawulo olusemthethweni nolungqongqo, olusekwe kukhuphiswano olufanelekileyo lwenkampani. "Kumgaqo-nkqubo ofanelekileyo kunye nemithetho kunye nemimiselo, kunokwenzeka ukuphumeza (ibhetri yenkunkuma) izinga eliphezulu lokubuyisela. "AmaGqwetha aPhezulu oMbutho wokuKhuselwa kweZibonelelo zeNdalo athi" ukuthatha inxaxheba komthengisi kuya kukhuthaza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe, imimiselo kunye nenkuthazo yezoqoqosho yeebhetri zenkunkuma, eyona nto ingundoqo ekukhuthazeni le nxaxheba.

“Eyesithathu kukuqhuba imfundo ebanzi nezikhokelo. Njengokuseta iziphawuli kwindawo yebhetri yokuthengisa okanye ukukhutshwa, njl.