Inqubekelaphambili yocwaningo kubuchwepheshe bokutholwa kobuchwepheshe bokuthola ibhethri le-phosphate ion

ليکڪ: آئي فلو پاور - Nešiojamų elektrinių tiekėjas

Ngo-2010, izwe lami laqala ukukhuthaza izimoto ezintsha zamandla. Ngo-2014, ukuvela kokuqhuma kukhuphuka, ukuthengiswa kwe-2017 kwezimoto ezingaba ngu-770,000. Ibhasi, ibhasi, njll.

, ngokusekelwe kumabhethri e-ion ye-lithium iron phosphate, isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka engaba ngu-8. Ukukhuphuka okuqhubekayo kwezimoto zamandla amasha kuzoba nokuqhuma kwebhethri ye-lithium ashukumisayo esikhathini esizayo. Uma inani elikhulu lamabhethri aqediwe lingenaso isinqumo esifanele, lizoletha ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okukhulu kanye nokuchithwa kwamandla, indlela yokuxazulula ibhethri yemfucuza Ingabe inkinga enkulu abantu abayikhathalelayo.

Ngokwezibalo zomkhakha webhethri le-lithium wezwe lami elinamandla e-lithium, isidingo sebhethri le-lithium eliguqukayo emhlabeni ngo-2016 singu-41.6GW H, lapho izinhlobo ezine ezibalulekile ze-LFP, NCA, NCM kanye ne-LMO zamabhethri e-lithium-ion angu-23.9GW · h, ngokulandelana.

5.5GW · h, 10.5GW · h kanye no-1.

I-7GW · h, ibhethri ye-Lifepo4 ithatha u-57.4% wemakethe, i-NCA kanye ne-NCM ezimbili ezinkulu zesistimu ye-thith-dimensional power lithium ingqikithi yebhethri yesidingo ibalwe ku-38.5% wengqikithi yesidingo.

Ngenxa yobuningi bamandla wezinto ezi-yuan ezintathu, ibhethri ye-Sanyuan Power Lithium ka-2017 ingu-45%, kanti ibhethri ye-lithium iron ingama-49% yebhethri ye-lithium. Njengamanje, imoto yomgibeli kagesi emsulwa wonke amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate ion, futhi ibhethri ye-iron phosphate dynamic lithium iwuhlelo lwebhethri olusetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokuqala. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuyeka ukusebenza kwebhethri ye-ion ye-lithium iron phosphate sizofika kuqala.

Ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri emfucuza we-LifePo4 akukwazi nje ukunciphisa ukucindezela kwemvelo okubangelwa inani elikhulu lemfucuza, kodwa kuzoletha izinzuzo ezinkulu zezomnotho, ezizofaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwayo yonke imboni. Lesi sihloko sizoxazulula inqubomgomo yamanje yezwe, intengo ebalulekile yemfucuza, amabhethri e-LifePo4, njll. Ngalesi sisekelo, izinhlobonhlobo zokugaywa kabusha, izindlela zokuphinda zisetshenziswe, i-electrolyte, i-electrolyte, i-electrolyte, i-electrolyte kanye nezinto ezingezinhle ze-electrode, futhi kubhekiselwe kusithenjwa sokutholwa kwesikali samabhethri e-LIFEPO4.

1 Inqubomgomo Yokugaywa Kabusha Kwebhethri Lemfucuza Ngokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yebhethri ye-lithium-ion yezwe lami, ukugaywa kabusha okusebenzayo nokuxazululwa kwamabhethri asetshenzisiwe kuyinkinga enempilo imboni engaqhubeka ukuyithuthukisa. Isaziso esithi "Uhlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwamandla Nezimoto Ezintsha Zezimoto (2012-2020)" kushiwo ngokucacile ukuthi kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwesinyathelo sebhethri ye-lithium kanye nokuphathwa kokululama, ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela yokulawula ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium, ukuqondisa amandla okucubungula ibhethri ye-lithium Inkampani ithuthukisa ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri alahlwayo. Ngenkinga ekhulayo yokutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium eguquguqukayo, amazwe nezindawo zimemezele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubomgomo ezifanele, izinkambiso kanye nokugadwa komkhakha wokugaya kabusha eminyakeni yamuva.

Inqubomgomo ebalulekile yezwe ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwamabhethri ezweni iboniswa kuThebula 1. 2 I-Waste LifePO4 Ibhethri Ukugaywa Kabusha Kwebhethri Isakhiwo Esibalulekile Sebhethri I-Lithium Ion Isakhiwo Sebhethri Ngokuvamile sihlanganisa i-electrode ephozithivu, i-electrode eyinegethivu, i-electrolyte, i-diaphragm, indlu, isembozo, nokunye okunjalo, lapho impahla ye-electrode ephozithivu iwumgogodla webhethri ye-lithium ion, kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode ezibalwe ngaphezu kuka-30% wezindleko zebhethri. Ithebula lesi-2 liyimpahla yeqoqo lamabhethri angu-5A · h inxeba le-LifePO4 esifundazweni sase-Guangdong (1% okuqukethwe okuqinile etafuleni).

Kungabonakala kuThebula 2, i-lithium positive electrode phosphate, i-graphite engalungile, i-electrolyte, i-diaphragm inkulu kunazo zonke, i-foil yethusi, i-aluminium foil, i-carbon nanotubes, i-acetylene emnyama, i-graphite conductive, i-PVDF, i-CMC. Ngokusho kwe-Shanghai colored net offer (June 29, 2018), i-aluminium: 1.4 million yuan / ton, ithusi: 51,400 yuan / ton, i-lithium iron phosphate: 72,500 yuan / ton; ngokusho kwenethiwekhi yezwe lami yokugcina amandla kanye nenethiwekhi yebhethri Ngokusho kwemibiko, izinto ezijwayelekile ze-graphite negative electrode (6-7) million / ton, intengo ye-electrolyte ingu (5-5.

5) million / ton. Inani elikhulu lezinto ezibonakalayo, intengo ephezulu, liyingxenye ebalulekile yokugaywa kabusha kwamanje kwamabhethri asetshenzisiwe, futhi kusetshenziswe kabusha isisombululo ukuze kucatshangelwe izinzuzo zezomnotho nezinzuzo zemvelo. 3 Waste LifePO4 Material Recycling Technology 3.

1 I-Chemical Precipitation Law Recycling Technology Njengamanje, ukutholakala kwamakhemikhali okumanzi kuyindlela eqinile yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri emfucumfucu. Ama-oxides noma usawoti we-Li, Co, Ni, njll. zitholwa ngokuhambisana kwemvula, bese kuba yizinto ezisetshenziswa ngamakhemikhali.

Ifomu lenziwa, futhi indlela yemvula yamakhemikhali iyindlela ebalulekile yokutholwa kwemboni yamanje ye-lithium cobaltate kanye nebhethri lemfucuza elinezinhlangothi ezintathu. Ngokuphathelene nezinto ze-LiFePO4, ukuhlukanisa indlela yezulu ngokubala okuphezulu kokushisa, ukuchithwa kwe-alkali, ukuchithwa kwe-asidi, njll., ukubuyisela inani lezomnotho eliningi lezakhi ze-Li, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo lingathola insimbi nezinye izinsimbi, sebenzisa isixazululo se-alkali se-NaOH ukuhlakaza i-electrode enhle, ngakho I-collective aluminium foil ingena kwisixazululo esihlungiwe ku-Naalfuric acid, isixazululo se-asidi se-NaalO2. thola i-Al (OH) 3, kanye nokululama kwe-Al.

Izinsalela zokuhlunga yi-LiFePO4, i-agent conductive carbon black kanye ne-LiFePO4 material surface coated carbon, njll. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokusebenzisa kabusha i-LifePO4: Indlela isetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa i-slag nge-hydrogen sulfuric acid ukuncibilikisa i-slag nge-hydroxide, ukuze isisombululo ku-Fe2 (SO4) 3 kanye ne-Li2SO4, i-filtrate ngemva kokuhlukaniswa kokungcola kwekhabhoni ilungiswa nge-NaOH kanye namanzi ammonia, kuqala yenza i-iron Feciecipita3 i-precipita3 isixazululo se-3 recipita, i-3 recipitasi recipita. I-Li2CO3; indlela yesi-2 isekelwe ku-FEPO4 microolysis ku-nitric acid, chaza insalela yesihlungi se-electrode enhle nge-nitric acid ne-hydrogen peroxide, kuqala ukwakha i-FEPO4 precipitate, futhi ekugcineni imvula ku-Fe (OH) 3, Isixazululo se-asidi esisele sinciphisa i-Li2CO3 yesisombululo se-Na2CO3 esigcwele, kanye ne-Al-precitation ye-Al, i-Fecitation ye-Al, kanye ne-Al. I-Li et al [6], isekelwe ku-LIFEPO4 ku-H2SO4 + H2O2 isisombululo esixubile, i-Fe2 + ifakwe i-oxidized ibe yi-Fe3 +, futhi yenza imvula ye-FEPO4 nge-PO43-ebophayo, i-metal evuselelayo futhi ihlukaniswe ne-Li, ngokuqhubekayo isekelwe ku-3LI2SO4 + 2NA3PO4 → 3NA2SO4, i-preciperation, i-3NA2SO4 ukuqoqa, uqaphele alulame metal Li.

I-oxidizing material ihlakazeka kalula kusixazululo se-HCl, i-WANG, njll., i-LiFePO4 / C i-powder ehlanganisiwe yezinto ezibonakalayo ibalwa ku-600 ° C, iqinisekisa ukuthi i-ferri ion i-oxidized ngokuphelele, futhi ukuncibilika kwe-LiFePO4 kuncibilika ku-asidi, futhi ukubuyiswa kwe-Li kungu-96%. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-LifePO4 evuselelwe kabusha Ngemva kokuthola i-precursor FePO4 · 2H2O kanye nomthombo we-Li, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ze-LiFepo4 kuyindawo eshisayo yocwaningo, i-ZHENG et al [8] izixazululo zokushisa okuphezulu kumashidi we-electrode, isusa i-binder ne-carbon ukuze i-oxidize LIFEPO4 Fe2 + kuya ku-Fe3 +, isikrini Impushana etholiwe yachithwa ukuze ithole i-pH ye-sulfuric, incibilikisa i-asidi ye-sulfuric ukuze incibilike ku-pH. I-FEPO4 hydrate, kanye ne-5 h itholwe ku-700 ° C amahora angu-5 ukuthola umkhiqizo wokubuyisela we-FEPO4, futhi i-filtrate yayigxilwe nesisombululo se-Na2CO3 sokunciphisa i-Li2CO3, nokuqaphela izinsimbi.

Recycle. UBian et al. ngemuva kwe-pyrochlorination nge-phosphoric acid nge-phosphoric acid, isetshenziselwa ukuthola i-FEPO4 · 2H2O, futhi njengesandulela, i-Li2CO3 kanye nendlela yokunciphisa i-glucose carbon thermal ukwakha i-LIFEPO4 / C eyinhlanganisela, kanye ne-Li ekubuyiseleni izinto ezitholakalayo ku-LIH2PO4.

, Qaphela ukubuyiswa kwezinto, bese usebenzisa. Indlela yemvula yamakhemikhali ingasetshenziselwa ukuxuba ukutholwa okuhle kwezinsimbi eziwusizo, futhi isendlalelo sidinga okuphansi ngaphambi kokuphozithivu kwemfucuza, okuyinzuzo yalolu hlobo lwendlela. Kodwa-ke, kukhona impahla ye-LifePO4 engenawo i-cobalt nezinye izinsimbi eziyigugu, le ndlela engenhla ivame ukuba nokuzalwa okude, nokuningi Ukungalungi kwe-asidi ephezulu kanye ne-alkali waste liquid, izindleko eziphezulu zokutakula.

I-3.2 I-High Temperature eqinile yokulungiswa kwesigaba sobuchwepheshe obusekelwe endleleni yokubola yebhethri ye-LIFEPO4 kanye nezici zokushaja nokukhipha izinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode, ukwakheka kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-LIFEPO4 kuzinzile, nokulahlekelwa komsebenzi we-Li kungenye yamaqiniso abalulekile okunciphisa umthamo webhethri, ngakho-ke impahla ye-LIFEPO4 ibhekwa njengegcwele kabusha i-LI yezakhi eziqondile zokulungisa nokunye ukulahlekelwa okungase kube khona. Njengamanje, indlela ebalulekile yokulungisa inezinga lokushisa eliphezulu eliqondile lokuxazulula nokwengeza umthombo wesici esihambisanayo.

Ukushisa okuphezulu kuyaxazululwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo ze-electrochemical zezinto zokubuyisela ngokuhlekisa, imithombo yezakhi ezengeziwe, njll. Xie Yinghao, njll. Ngemva kokudiliza ibhethri lemfucuza, ukuhlukanisa i-electrode enhle, ngemva kokuba i-binder ifakwe ikhabhoni ngokushisa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwe-nitrogen, i-phosphate-lithium iron-based positive material.

Inani le-FEC2O4 · 2H2O, Li2CO3, (NH4) 2HPO4 elawulwayo i-Li, Fe, kanye ne-P molar ratio yengezwe ku-1.05: 1: 1, futhi okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ye-reactant calcined kwalungiswa ku-3%, 5%. Futhi 7%, enezela inani elifanele ethanol anhydrous in the material (600R / min) ball Milling for 4 h, futhi umkhathi nitrogen is ukufudumala 700 ° C lokushisa njalo 24H eyosiwe LIFEPO4 impahla 10 ° C / min.

Ngenxa yalokho, izinto zokulungisa ezinokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwe-5% zinezakhiwo ezingcono kakhulu ze-electrochemical, futhi isilinganiso sokuqala sokukhishwa kwe-148.0mA · h / g; I-1C ngaphansi kuka-0.1 C izikhathi ezingu-50, isilinganiso sokugcina umthamo singama-98.

9%, futhi ukutholwa kuyinqubo Yesixazululo Bheka Umfanekiso 4. Ingoma et al. Ithatha isigaba esiqinile sokushisa okuphezulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-LifePo4 exubile eqondile, lapho isilinganiso sesisindo sezinto ezintsha ezifakwe emanzini kanye nempahla yokubuyiswa kwemfucuza ingu-3: 7,700 ° C izinga lokushisa eliphezulu 8h ngemva kokulungisa impahla ye-electrochemical engu-8h kuhle.

Li et al. Isetshenziselwa ukwengeza i-Li Source Li2CO3 ezintweni ezigaywe kabusha ze-LIFEPO4 ku-600 ° C, 650 ° C, 700 ° C, 750 ° C, 800 ° C ku-argon / hydrogen exubile igesi. Umthamo wokuqala wokukhipha wento engu-142.

I-9mA · h / g, izinga lokushisa elilungile lokulungisa ngu-650 ° C, umthamo wokuqala wokukhipha wezinto zokulungisa ngu-147.3mA · h / g, othuthukisiwe kancane, futhi ukukhulisa nokusebenza komjikelezo kuthuthukisiwe. Ucwaningo lwe-都成, lumemezela ukuthi i-Li2CO3 engezwe ngo-10% ukuze kumoshwe izinto ezinhle ze-electrode inganxephezela ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwe-lithium ephinda isetshenziswe kabusha, kanye nezinto ezincishisiwe ngemuva kokulungisa izinto ngu-157 mA, ngokulandelana.

H / g kanye 73mA · h / g, umthamo cishe akukho attenuation ngemva 200 imijikelezo ngaphansi 0.5C. Ukwengezwa kwe-20% ye-Li2CO3 kuzodala ama-oligants afana ne-Li2CO3 Meng Li2O ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungisa ukubhaka, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-coulombic.

Ukushisa okuphezulu okuqinile kobuchwepheshe bokulungisa isigaba sengeza kuphela inani elincane le-Li, Fe, P element, ayinayo isamba esikhulu se-acid-base reagent, i-alkali ehlumayo imfucuza ye-asidi, ukugeleza kwenqubo kulula, kuhambisana nemvelo, kodwa izidingo zokuhlanzeka kwezinto zokubuyisela kabusha ziphezulu. Ukuba khona kokungcola kunciphisa izakhiwo ze-electrochemical zezinto zokulungisa. 3.

I-3 Ubuchwepheshe bokuvuselela isigaba esiqinile sokushisa okuphezulu buhlukile kubuchwepheshe bokulungisa okuqondile kwesigaba esiqinile sezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, futhi amasu okuvuselela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu azoqala ukuxazulula izinto zokubuyisela ukuze abe nesandulela esinomsebenzi wokusabela, futhi isici ngasinye singaphinda sifakwe ikristalu, bese siqaphela ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezinto. izinyoni 成 等 3 极 片 分 3 分 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 正 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2材料 2 材料 2 2 Futhi ingxenyenamba enkulu ingu-25% we-glucose (ngokusekelwe ku-lithium iron phosphate), i-LIFEPO4 / C yezinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode evuselelwe itholakala ku-650 ° C, futhi impahla iku-0.1c no-20c kanye nesilinganiso sokukhishwa ngokulandelanayo.

Kungu-159.6mA · h / g kanye no-86.9mA · h / g, ngemva kokukhulisa okungu-10C, ngemva kwemijikelezo engu-1000, ukuvuselelwa kwe-reservoir reservoir ye-LIFEPO4 positive electrode material yi-91%.

Ngalezi zincwadi ezingenhla, umbhali walesi sihloko wenze imfucuza yezinto ze-LifePO4 ekuqaleni, "i-oxidation-carbon-thermal reduction" indlela yokuvuselela kabusha. Indlela yokuvuselela ibalulekile ngokusekelwe ku-Co reduction FEPO4 kanye ne-LiOH precursor synthesis yezinto ze-LiFePO4 ze-Li3FE2 (PO4) 3 ne-Fe2O3, kuyilapho i-LIFEPO4 oxidation nayo i-Li3FE2 (PO4) 3 ne-Fe2O3, ngakho-ke, isisombululo esishisayo sizobuyiselwa. I-electrode ephozithivu iyasuswa kusibophezelo futhi iphinde ibone i-oxidation ye-LIFEPO4.

Njenge-regenerative reaction material, yi-glucose, i-hydrated citric acid, i-polyethylene glycol, i-650--750 ° C yokunciphisa ukushisa kwekhabhoni yokuvuselela kabusha i-LIFEPO4, ukuncishiswa okuthathu Kokubili ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-LIFEPO4 / C izinto ezingenakho ukungcola zingatholakala. Ukushisa okuphezulu okuqinile kwesigaba sokuvuselela ubuchwepheshe, i-LIFEPO4 impahla etholiwe i-oxidized kuya ekuphenduleni okuphakathi, futhi ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-LIFEPO4 impahla itholakala ngokuncishiswa kwe-carbon thermal, futhi indaba ine-oxidation efanayo kanye ne-carbon thermal yokunciphisa inqubo ye-thermodynamic, kanye nezinto ezivuselelayo zingakwazi ukulawula ukumelana, ukugeleza kwenqubo Kulula, kodwa, kufana nalokhu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lendlela yokulungisa ukuxazulula izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngaphambi kokulungisa izinto zobuchwepheshe. izinto zokwakha ziyadingeka. 3.

4 Ubuchwepheshe be-Biological leaching Ubuchwepheshe be-Biological leaching Ekubuyiseni ibhethri elidala, ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwamabhethri emfucuza ye-nickel-cadmium kutholwe i-cadmium, nickel, insimbi, i-Cerruti, njll., ancibilikisiwe, anciphisa udoti webhethri le-nickel-cadmium, ukutakula, ngo-100%, ngokulandelana. I-Nickel 96.

I-5%, i-iron 95%, isikhathi sokucwiliswa kwe-leaching siyizinsuku ezingama-93. XIN et al. Isebenzisa i-sulfur-sulfide thiobacillus, i-Caucite-Rotel hook-side spiral bacteria kanye (i-sulphur + yellow iron ore - sulfur sulfurium) uhlelo lokuxuba ukuxazulula i-LiFepo4, i-LiMn2O4, i-LiniXCoyMN1- X-YO2, lapho i-thiosidide thiosidide thiobacillus ye-9aching PO, kanye nesistimu ye-thiosidide thiobacillus ye-9aching ye-9 I-LiMn2O4 ku-LiFePO4 ingama-95%, futhi izinga le-leaching lika-Mn lingama-96%, futhi i-Mn ithuthukisiwe.

Ingxube ingaphezu kwama-95% wezinga le-uniform leaching lika-Li, i-Ni, i-Co, ne-Mn ngokwemibandela ye-Li, i-Ni, i-Co, ne-Mn ngokwesikhathi sezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukuqedwa kwe-Li kubalulekile ngenxa yokuhlakazwa kwe-H2SO4, futhi ukuqedwa kwe-Ni, Co, kanye ne-Mn yi-Fe2 + yokunciphisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwenhlanganisela yokuqedwa kwe-asidi. Kubuchwepheshe be-biological leaching, umjikelezo wama-biofushes kufanele ulinywe, futhi isikhathi sokuchithwa kwe-leaching side, futhi phakathi nenqubo yokuhlakazwa, i-flora ingasebenzi kalula, ikhawulela ubuchwepheshe ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni.

Ngakho-ke, qhubeka nokwenza ngcono isivinini se-culture of strains, isivinini se-ion yensimbi ekhangisayo, njll., sithuthukise izinga le-leaching lama-ion ensimbi. 3.

5 Ukuvula imishini Xazulula Ukuvuselela Kabusha Ukwenza kusebenze amakhemikhali obuchwepheshe kungabangela izinguquko zomzimba kanye namakhemikhali kungcindezi evamile yokushisa, okuhlanganisa ukuguquka kwesigaba, ukonakala kwesakhiwo, ubunzima, i-amorphization, noma ngisho nokusabela okuqondile. Uma isetshenziswa ekubuyiseni ibhethri okulahlwayo, kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokutholwa ngaphansi kwezimo zezinga lokushisa legumbi. Umlandeli et al.

, Isebenzisa ukuchithwa kwebhethri ngokugcwele kusixazululo se-NaCl, futhi i-LIFEPO4 etholiwe iphakeme amahora angu-5 ngo-700 ° C ukuze isuse ukungcola okuphilayo. Ukwenza kusebenze ngomshini ngenhlanganisela yezinto zokubuyisela ingxube ne-asidi yotshani. Inqubo yokwenza kusebenze ngomshini ibalulekile ukufaka izinyathelo ezintathu: ukuncipha kosayizi wezinhlayiyana, ikhefu lesibopho samakhemikhali, isibopho samakhemikhali esisha.

Ngemuva kokugaya ukusebenza komshini, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezixubile kanye nobuhlalu be-zirconia buhlanjululwe ngamanzi angcolile futhi bucwiliswe imizuzu engu-30, futhi i-filtrate yanyakaziswa ngo-90 ° C ukuze ihwamuke kuze kube yilapho i-Li + ibe nokuhlushwa okukhulu kuno-5 g / L, futhi i-pH kuya ku-4 ye-filtrate yalungiswa nge-1 mol solution / L ye-NaOH yesisombululo. Futhi qhubeka uvuselela kuze kube yilapho ukugxila kwe-Fe2 + kungaphansi kuka-4 mg / L, ngaleyo ndlela uthole i-filtrate ephezulu yokuhlanzeka. Ngemuva kokuhlunga, isisombululo se-lithium esihlanziwe salungiswa saba ngu-8, sanyakaziswa ku-90 ° C amahora angu-2, futhi imvula yaqoqwa futhi yomiswa ku-60 ° C yomkhiqizo wokubuyisela i-Li.

Izinga lokutakula lika-Li lingafinyelela ku-99%, futhi i-Fe itholwa ngo-FEC2O4 · 2H2O. Izinga lokuthola kabusha lingama-94%. YANG et al.

Ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa kwe-ultrasonic asizayo, izinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode zihlukaniswa ne-potive electrode powder kanye ne-sodium ethylenediamine tetracetate (EDTA-2NA), esebenzisa isigayo sebhola leplanethi ukuze kusebenze imishini. Ngemuva kokukhishwa okwengeziwe kwesampula elicushiwe nge-dilute phosphoric acid, ukucwiliswa kuyaqedwa, futhi ulwelwesi lwe-cellulose luyi-vacuum filtration ngefilimu ye-acetate, isihlungi esiwuketshezi esiqukethe i-lithium, i-iron metal ions, i-Fe, i-Li ku-phosphoric acid ingafinyelela ku-97.67%, 94.

29, ngokulandelana. %. I-filtrate yahlungwa kabusha ngo-90 ° C amahora angu-9, futhi i-metal Fe yancipha ngendlela ye-FEPO4 · 2H2O, Li, futhi imvula yaqoqwa futhi yomiswa.

UZhu et al. Ihlanganiswe ne-lecithin nge-LiFePO4 / C etholiwe. Ngemuva kokuthi ibhola eliwumshini licushwe ngamakhemikhali, i-4 h ifakwa ku-600 ° C ngaphansi kwe-AR-H2 (10%) emkhathini oxubile, otholiwe (C + N + P) Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-LifePO4 okuyinhlanganisela.

Endabeni yokuvuselela kabusha, ukhiye we-NC kanye nokhiye we-PC umbozwe nge-LiFePO4 ukuze wenze ungqimba oluqinile lwe-C + N + P oluhlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​futhi izinto zokuvuselela zincane, ezingafinyeza i-Li + kanye nendlela yokusabalalisa ye-LI + nama-electron. Lapho inani le-lecithin lingu-15%, umthamo wezinto zokuvuselela ufinyelela ku-164.9mA · h / g ngesikhathi sezinga eliphansi lika-0.

2c. 3.6 Ezinye Izixazululo Zokugaywa Kabusha - Isixazululo Sokwenza Kabusha Kabusha Kwe-Electrochemical U-Yang Zeheng et al, sebenzisa i-1-methyl-2 pyrrolidone (NMP) ukuhlakaza imfucuza i-LIFEPO4 (NMP), ukuqoqa izinto ezitholiwe ze-LIFEPO4, izinto zokubuyisela kanye nama-ejenti e-conductive, izibophezelo Ukulungiselela i-electrode ezokhandwa, i-electrode ye-lithium eyi-negative, ifilimu ye-lithile eyi-buck.

Ngemuva kokushaja okuningi nokukhishwa, i-lithium ishumekwa isuka ku-electrode engalungile ibe yinto enhle ye-electrode, okwenza i-electrode enhle isuka kuhulumeni we-lithium iye ku-lithically, izuze umphumela wokulungisa. Kodwa-ke, i-electrode elungisiwe bese ihlanganiswa ibe nobunzima obugcwele bebhethri, kunzima ukuqondisa ukusetshenziswa kwesikali. 4 I-Electrolytic solution recovery technology Inqubekelaphambili.

ILANGA et al, xazulula i-electrolyte ngenkathi usebenzisa indlela ye-vacuum pyrolysis ukuze ubuyisele ibhethri lemfucuza. Beka izinto ezihlukanisayo ze-electrode esithandweni somlilo, isistimu ingaphansi kwe-1 kPa, izinga lokushisa lokupholisa lomgibe obandayo ngu-10 ° C. Isithando somlilo sashiswa ngo-10 ° C / min, futhi savunyelwa ku-600 ° C imizuzu engama-30, ama-volatiles angena ku-condenser futhi ajiya, futhi igesi engaqediwe ikhishwe ngepompo ye-vacuum, futhi ekugcineni iqoqwe ngumqoqi wegesi.

I-binder ne-electrolyte ziyaguquguquka noma zihlaziywe njengomkhiqizo wesisindo samangqamuzana aphansi, futhi iningi lemikhiqizo ye-pyrolysis iyinhlanganisela ye-organic fluorocarbon ukuze inothiswe futhi ilulame. Indlela ye-organic solvent extraction ukudlulisa i-electrolyte ku-extractant ngokungeza i-solvent efanelekile ye-organic ku-extractant. Ngemuva kokukhipha, ukucwiliswa kwe-distillation noma ukwahlukanisa, qoqa noma uhlukanise isixazululo se-electrolytic ngemva kokukhipha amaphuzu abilayo ahlukene engxenye ngayinye kumkhiqizo wokukhipha.

Isikhumba se-Tongdong, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi, sika ibhethri lemfucuza, susa into esebenzayo, ufake into esebenzayo ku-solvent ye-organic isikhathi esithile ukuze ukhiphe i-electrolyte. Ukusebenza kahle kokukhishwa kwesisombululo se-electrolytic kwaqhathaniswa, futhi imiphumela imemezela isimemezelo se-PC, i-DEC ne-DME, futhi izinga lokukhishwa kwe-PC lalishesha kakhulu, futhi i-electrolyte ingavaleka ngokuphelele ngemva kwamahora ama-2, futhi i-PC ingasetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe izikhathi eziningi, okungase kube ngenxa yama-PC aphikisanayo anama-electromalities amakhulu avumela ukuchithwa kwe-lithium kasawoti. I-Supercritical CO2 egaywe kabusha i-lithium ion battery electrolyte engenamfucuza ibhekisela enqubweni yesisombululo se-electrolytic esikhangiswe ku-CO2 ebaluleke kakhulu njenge-extractant, ehlukanisa i-lithium ion battery diaphragm kanye nento esebenzayo.

Gruetzke et al. Tadisha umphumela wokukhishwa kwe-CO2 enguketshezi kanye ne-CO2 ebaluleke kakhulu ku-electrolyte. Ngokuphathelene nesistimu ye-electrolyte equkethe i-LiPF6, i-DMC, i-EMC ne-EC, lapho kusetshenziswa i-CO2 enguketshezi, izinga lokubuyisela i-DMC ne-EMC liphezulu, futhi ukubuyiswa kwe-EC kuphansi, futhi izinga lokutakula eliphelele liphezulu lapho ukubuyiswa kwe-EC kuphansi.

Ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha isixazululo se-electrolytic kuphezulu ku-CO2 ewuketshezi, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha i-electrolyte kungafinyelelwa (89.1 ± 3.4)% (ingxenyana yobuningi).

I-LIU et al, i-electrolyte ekhishwayo ye-CO2 ebaluleke kakhulu ehlanganiswe nokukhishwa okuguquguqukayo ngemva kokukhipha okumile kokuqala, kanye nezinga lokukhishwa elingu-85% lingatholakala. Ubuchwepheshe be-vacuum pyrolysis bubuyisela isisombululo se-electrolytic ukuze kufinyelelwe ukuxebuka kwezinto ezisebenzayo kanye noketshezi lwamanje, kube lula inqubo yokutakula, kodwa inqubo yokutakula inokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla, futhi ixazulule ngokuqhubekayo inhlanganisela ye-fluorocarbon organic; inqubo yokukhipha i-solvent ye-organic ingatholwa Ingxenye ebalulekile ye-electrolyte, kodwa kunenkinga yezindleko ze-solvent ephezulu yokukhipha, ukuhlukanisa amahlumela anzima nalandelayo, njll.; I-Supercritical CO2 extraction technology ayinayo insalela ye-solvent, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-solvent elula, ukunciphisa umkhiqizo omuhle, njll.

, ibhethri ye-lithium ion Enye yezinkomba zocwaningo zokugaywa kabusha kwe-electrolyte, kodwa futhi kunenani elikhulu lokusetshenziswa kwe-CO2, futhi i-ejenti efakiwe ingase ithinte ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwe-electrolyte. 5 Izindlela zokuthola kabusha izinto ze-electrode ezingezinhle Ukuwohloka kusuka kumshini wokuhluleka kwebhethri we-LIFEPO4, izinga lokuwohloka komnotho ekusebenzeni okungekuhle kwegraphite likhulu kunento ebonakalayo ye-LiFePO4, futhi ngenxa yenani eliphansi kakhulu le-graphite ye-electrode engalungile, inani lesamba lincane uma kuqhathaniswa, ukubuyiswa bese kuba ukonga akunamandla, okwamanje Ucwaningo Lokugaywa kabusha ku-electrode engalungile luhlobene ne-waste encane. Ku-electrode engalungile, i-foil yethusi iyabiza futhi inqubo yokubuyisela ilula.

Inevelu yokutakula ephezulu. I-graphite powder etholiwe kulindeleke ukuthi ijikeleze ekucutshungulweni kwebhethri ngokuguqulwa. U-Zhou Xu et al, ukuhlola ukudlidliza, ukuhlola ukudlidliza kanye nenqubo yokuhlanganisa yokuhlela ukugeleza komoya kuyahlukanisa futhi kutholakale izinto ezingcolile zebhethri ye-lithium ion negative electrode.

Inqubo yenqubo igaywa emshinini wokuqhekeka kwesando ibe yizinhlayiyana ububanzi obungaphansi kwe-1 mm, futhi ukuphuka kufakwa epuleti lokusabalalisa umbhede oketshezi ukuze kwakhe umbhede ongashintshi; ukuvula i-fan ukulungisa izinga lokugeleza kwegesi, okuvumela umbhede wezinhlayiya ukulungisa umbhede, Umbhede ukhululekile, futhi uketshezi lokuqala kuze kufike uketshezi olwanele, insimbi ihlukaniswa nezinhlayiya ezingezona ezensimbi, lapho ingxenye yokukhanya iqoqwa khona ukugeleza komoya, ukuqoqa isihlukanisi sesiphepho, futhi ukuhlanganisa kabusha kugcinwa phansi kombhede omanzi. Imiphumela ithi ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-electrode engalungile, usayizi wezinhlayiyana ungama-92.4% ekugqabukeni kosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezingaphezu kuka-0.

250 mm, futhi ibanga le-toner lingama-96.6% esiqeshini esingaphansi kuka-0.125 mm, futhi lingatholwa; Phakathi kokuqhekeka kwe-0.

125--0.250mm, ibanga lethusi liphansi, futhi ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo nokubuyiselwa kwethusi ne-toner kungafinyelelwa ngokuhlunga ukugeleza kwegesi. Njengamanje, i-electrode engalungile isekelwe ngokuyinhloko ku-binder enamanzi, futhi i-binder ingaqedwa ngesisombululo samanzi, izinto ezingalungile ze-electrode kanye ne-foil yethusi yomqoqi ingahlukaniswa ngezinqubo ezilula.

U-Zhu Xiaohui, njll., wenze indlela yokusebenzisa i-ultrasonic ancillary acidification yesibili kanye nokululama okumanzi. Ishidi le-electrode elingalungile lifakwa kwisisombululo se-hydrochloric acid ehlanjululwe, futhi ishidi le-graphite eliqondile kanye ne-copper foil ye-copper iyahlukaniswa, futhi umqoqi uyagezwa, futhi ukutakula kufinyelelwa.

Izinto ze-graphite ziyahlungwa, zomiswe, futhi zihlungwe ukuze kutholwe umkhiqizo ongcolile we-graphite. Umkhiqizo ongahluziwe uxazululwa nge-oxidizing ejenti efana ne-nitric acid, i-oxidic acid, isusa inhlanganisela yensimbi ezintweni, i-binder, kanye neqembu elisebenzayo lokuhluma kwe-graphite, okuholela ekuhlanzweni kwesibili kwe-graphite impahla ngemva kokuqoqa ukoma. Ngemva kokuba impahla ye-graphite ehlanjululwe yesibili icwiliswe ekunciphiseni isixazululo samanzi se-ethylenediamine noma i-diviniscin, khona-ke ukuvikelwa kwe-nitrogen kuxazululwa ngokushisa ukuze kulungiswe impahla ye-graphite, futhi i-graphite powder eguquliwe yebhethri ingatholakala.

I-electrode engalungile yebhethri yemfucumfucu ijwayele ukusebenzisa i-aqueous bonding, ngakho-ke izinto ezisebenzayo kanye ne-foil yethusi egxilile ingaxetshulwa ngendlela elula, futhi ukubuyiswa okuvamile kwama-foil ethusi anenani eliphakeme, impahla ye-graphite ilahliwe kuzoholela ekulahlekeni okukhulu kwezinto. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa ukuguqulwa nokulungisa ubuchwepheshe bezinto ze-graphite, ukuqaphela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto ezilahlwayo ze-graphite embonini yebhethri noma ezinye izigaba zezimboni. 6 Izinzuzo zomnotho zokubuyisela kabusha ukubola komnotho kwebhethri ye-lithium iron phosphate udoti kuthinteka kakhulu amanani ezinto ezingavuthiwe, okuhlanganisa intengo yokutholwa kwamabhethri kadoti, inani le-carbonate eluhlaza, intengo ye-lithium iron phosphate, njll.

Kusetshenziswa umzila wobuchwepheshe bokubuyisela kabusha obumanzi obusetshenziswa njengamanje, inani elitholiwe kakhulu lezomnotho lebhethri ye-phosphate ion i-lithium, imali etholwayo yokuthola kabusha ilinganiselwa ku-7800 yuan/ton, futhi izindleko zokubuyisela zingaba ngu-8,500 yuan / ton, futhi imali yokuthola kabusha ayikwazi ukuchithwa. Izindleko zokuphinda zigaywe kabusha, lapho izindleko zokutholwa kwe-lithium iron phosphate zezindleko zempahla yoqobo zibalelwa ku-27%, futhi izindleko ze-excipient zingama-35%. Izindleko zama-excipients zibalulekile kufaka phakathi i-hydrochloric acid, i-sodium hydroxide, i-hydrogen peroxide, njll.

(ngaphezulu kwedatha evela kumfelandawonye webhethri nokuncintisana) Di consultation). Ukusebenzisa imizila yobuchwepheshe obumanzi, i-lithium ayikwazi ukuzuza ukululama okuphelele (ukubuyiselwa kwe-lithium kuvame ukuba ngu-90% noma ngaphansi), i-phosphorus, umphumela wokubuyisela insimbi umpofu, futhi usebenzise inani elikhulu labasizi, njll., kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umzila wezobuchwepheshe omanzi onzima ukuzuza inzuzo Original.

Ibhethri yemfucuza ye-lithium iron phosphate isebenzisa izinga eliphezulu lokushisa okuqinile kwesigaba sokulungisa indlela noma umzila wobuchwepheshe bokuvuselela, uma kuqhathaniswa nomzila wezobuchwepheshe omanzi, inqubo yokutakula ayincibilikisi i-alkali ewuketshezi lwe-aluminium foil kanye ne-asidi encibilikisiwe impahla ye-electrode eyi-lithium iron phosphate nezinye izinyathelo zenqubo, ngakho inani lokusebenzisa izesekeli likhulu. Nciphisa, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu eliqinile ukulungiswa kwesigaba noma umzila wobuchwepheshe ovuselelayo, ukululama okuphezulu kwe-lithium, izakhi zensimbi ne-phosphorus zingaba nezinzuzo eziphakeme zokubuyisela, ngokusho okulindelwe yi-Beijing Saidmy, usebenzisa umthetho wokulungisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu Ingxenye yomzila wokuvuselela kabusha ubuchwepheshe, izokwazi ukufeza inzuzo engaba ngu-20%. 7 Lapho impahla yokutakula iyinkimbinkimbi yokutakula okuxubile, ifanele ukubuyiswa kwensimbi ngendlela yamakhemikhali noma nge-biological leaching technology, kanye nezinto zamakhemikhali ezingasetshenziswa kabusha, kodwa mayelana nezinto ze-LiFePO4, ukubuyiswa okumanzi isikhathi eside, Ukusebenzisa ama-reagents amaningi e-acid-base nokuxazulula inani elikhulu le-acid-base waste liquid, kukhona ukushiyeka kwezindleko zokuthola kabusha inani eliphezulu lezomnotho.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yemvula yamakhemikhali, ukulungisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye namasu okuvuselela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu anesikhathi esifushane, futhi inani le-acid-base reagent lincane, futhi inani le-alkali yemfucuza ye-asidi lincane, kodwa indlela iyadingeka ukuxazulula noma ukuvuselela ukulungiswa. I-intrinsic eqinile yokuvimbela izakhiwo ze-electrochemical zokungcola zihlala zithinta izinto. Ukungcola kufaka phakathi inani elincane le-aluminium foil, i-copper foil, njll.

Ngaphezu kwenkinga, kuyinkinga eqondile, futhi inqubo yokuvuselela iye yafundwa ngokusetshenziswa okukhulu kodwa akuyona inkinga yesifiso. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe inani lezomnotho lamabhethri alahlwayo, i-electrolyte ebiza kancane kanye namasu okuthola kabusha okubalulekile kwama-electrode kufanele kuthuthukiswe futhi, futhi izinto eziwusizo kubhethri likadoti ziyakhuliswa ukuze kwandiswe ukululama.