Ingabe ibhethri ye-lithium ion kadoti iwusizo, indlela "yokuguqula imfucuza ibe umcebo"?

Umbhali :Iflowpower - Umhlinzeki Wesiteshi Samandla Esiphathekayo

Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sewaranti yebhethri ye-lithium yiminyaka engu-5-8. Njengamanje, izimoto zikagesi zokuqala ezitshaliwe emakethe zaqala ukungena esikhathini sokushintshwa, futhi isikhathi esiphezulu sebhethri ye-lithium-ion sesifikile, futhi sizobhekana kanjani nezinkampani zebhethri ezithathe umhlalaphansi? Ukulahlwa, akukabikho isisombululo esiphelele namanje. Nokho, ngesikhathi Resource Recycling Expo owawuse Tokyo kulo nyaka, isikhulu esiphezulu Honda Motors wathi: Le nkampani ihlela ukusebenzisa imfucuza amabhethri e-lithium-ion njengoba izinto zokusetshenziswa ukuqala ukukhiqiza nickel-cobalt ingxubevange.

Izikhungo ezifanele zibikezela ukuthi ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ezotholwa eJapan eJapan izonyuswa ibe ngamasethi angama-500,000 kuya ku-2025. Ukukhuthazwa kwezindleko eziphansi Imoto kagesi yamanje isiphenduke ukuthuthukiswa kwemoto entsha yamandla emhlabeni, kodwa uma ibhethri ingaphelele, ngeke nje ibangele ukungcola, kodwa futhi ilethe izindawo ezimbi kakhulu kanye nezingozi zokuphepha emphakathini. Ngokwe-European Auto News Network, abakwaHonda Motors bamemezele kuGeneva Auto Show.

Ngo-2025, zonke izimoto ezintsha ezithengiswa kwaHonda eYurophu zizoba izinhlobo ezihlanzekile zikagesi noma ezixubile. Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ezixubile zabagibeli eziyi-14 ezikhiqizwe ngabakwaHonda zinenani eliphelele lokuthengisa lama-26%, kwathi angama-747,177 athengiswa ngo-2018. UTomokazuabe, umphathi jikelele wakwaHonda Motor Company Circular Resource Promotion Department, uthe: Ngo-2030, iHonda ingase ikhiqize izimoto ezingu-300,000 ezinebhethri ye-lithium-ion.

Qaphela: Ukuze uthole ireferensi kodwa uma izimoto ezingu-300,000 ezinebhethri ye-lithium-ion zingenayo isethi yezinhlelo zokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri, kuzophinde kwenzeke okunye ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngokusho kwentengo yemakethe ka-2017, imoto ye-Fit (FIT) ingakwazi ukubuyisela izinto ze-nickel ne-cobalt ezibiza ama-yen angu-4,000 (cishe amadola angu-36 aseMelika, ama-yuan angu-239.2).

Kuze kube manje, izinga lokutholwa kwe-nickel lenkampani lingu-99.7 <000000>, ukutholwa kwe-cobalt kungu-91.3%, futhi ukutholwa kwe-manganese kungu-94.

8%. Nokho, ngenxa yebhethri elilinganiselwe, ukuntuleka kobuchwepheshe bokuthola kabusha obuvuthiwe, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphansi zokuthola kabusha. Ngakho, i-Honda ifuna ukukhiqiza i-nickel-cobalt alloy ngokusebenzisa i-cathode yebhethri yemfucuza, futhi ukucubungula kwesibili kwe-alloy kuthengiswa njenge-hydride yensimbi.

Umgomo imakethe yokugcina i-hydrogen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka futhi ukunciphisa izindleko zokubuyisela ngokulawula izindleko zokuhamba kanye nokuhlakaza imoto usebenzisa amarobhothi. Ngokusho kwabangaphakathi embonini, amathangi okugcina i-hydrogen ensimbi yaseJapane akhiwe nge-metal hydride alloy, equkethe i-nickel engu-60%, i-lanthanum engu-30% ne-ruthenium kanye ne-10% ye-silicone resin.

Kudingekile ukusebenzisa amathani angu-4 we-alloy enjalo ethangini lokugcina le-hydrogen elinobubanzi obuyi-4,200 mm nobude obungama-550 mm. Leli themba lemakethe kufanelekile ukulibheka phambili. Yiqiniso, izinkampani ezingaphezu kweyodwa ziqala ukuxazulula inkinga yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium ion.

Ngonyaka odlule, i-Japanese Automotive Manufacturers Association yakha imodeli yokuvuselela kabusha yamabhethri e-lithium-ion asethathe umhlalaphansi embonini yonke. Le phrojekthi ihlanganisa iToyota, Nissan kanye nabanye abakhiqizi bezimoto baseJapan. Babheke ukuthi izindawo zokuhlakaza izimoto zizohlakazwa ebhethrini eselisukile ngemuva kokuthola ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi eselisebenzile, bese izinqubo zicutshungulwa endaweni yokugaywa kabusha.

Abakhiqizi bezimoto bazokhokha imali ezikhungweni zokusebenzisana zokusebenzisa umzungezo wezimoto zase-Japan. U-Tesla CTO Sterlabell uhlongoze ukuthi uTesla uzobuyisela izinto zokusetshenziswa zebhethri efektri enkulu. I-Tesra inohlelo lokubuyisela ibhethri, futhi kukhona nesiqondiso esicacile sebhizinisi.

I-Super Factory ihlanganisa i-supply chain, elungele ukuhlakazwa kwebhethri, ukutholwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukuze ziphinde zisetshenziswe. Ngonyaka odlule, i-Tesla ithuthukise ibhizinisi lokugcina amandla e-1.04GWH, cishe izikhathi ezintathu zebhizinisi lokugcina amandla ka-2017 358MWH, lifinyelela ingqophamlando entsha.

Ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri okusheshisiwe kwasekhaya uma ibhethri le-lithium eliguquguqukayo lingena esikhathini sokuqubuka, kungenzeka kulethe izinhlekelele ezinzima. Ukungatholi amabhethri e-lithium-ion kuzodala ukungcoliswa kwesibili, kodwa izindleko zokubuyisela kunzima ukunciphisa, njll., phambi kwenkampani yokuvuselela kabusha.

Idatha yakamuva evela "Kumbiko Wophenyo" ibonisa ukuthi ibhethri lendawo yokugcina amandla lezwe lami lingaphezu kuka-131GWH, futhi isikali semboni silinganiswa. Ohlotsheni olusekelayo, i-lithium iron phosphate namabhethri e-ternary ngokulandelana afinyelela ku-54%, 40%, ngokulandelana. Okwamanje, ubunzima obukhulu ekubuyiseni ibhethri buhlanganisa ibhodlela lobuchwepheshe ukuze livuselelwe futhi ukusetshenziswa kusadingeka kwephulwe.

Isistimu yokugaywa kabusha ayikakhiwe, futhi ukugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kunzima. Mayelana nalokhu, umbuso kufanele uthuthukise uhlelo lokusekela inqubomgomo, wethule izikhuthazo ezihlukene, uvumele kuphela inkampani ukuthi inambithe ubumnandi, idlale ukusetshenziswa kwemakethe okuyinhloko, ingasheshisa uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha, ukwakha amaqembu amaningi. Eqinisweni, ngonyaka odlule, i-Tower yezwe lami imise ukuthengwa kwamabhethri e-lead-acid, futhi akhwezwa iladi yiziteshi eziyisisekelo ezingaba ngu-120,000 ezifundazweni nasemadolobheni angu-31.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-State Grid iphinde izame ukwakha isitebhisi esingu-1MWH, isebenzisa iphrojekthi yokubonisa isistimu yokugcina amandla ebhethri ye-phosphate ion, esetshenziselwa ukwamukela ukuphehlwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokushintshwa kwemvamisa. Ngokuqondene nebhethri eselithathe umhlalaphansi, "Inqubomgomo Yezobuchwepheshe Yokugaywa Kwebhethri Yamandla Emoto Kagesi" ekhishwe oNgqongqoshe Abahlanu ilawulwa ngokucacile, okungukuthi, ubani onesibopho, ubani ongcolisa obusayo?. Lokhu kusho futhi ukuthi inkampani enamandla ekhiqiza ibhethri ye-lithium kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimoto kufanele kube nesibopho sokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium.

Ngokomhlahlandlela, abakhiqizi bezimoto bakha amasistimu okugaya kabusha ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Njengamanje, izinkampani ezingama-45 ezifana ne-Beiqi New Energy kanye ne-Guangzhou Auto Mitsubishi sezisungule izindawo zokudayisa ezingu-3204 zokugaywa kabusha. Kubalulekile ukugxila esifundeni saseBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei, unxantathu omude, iPearl River Delta kanye nezimoto zamandla amaphakathi, futhi kubalulekile esitolo se-4S.

Phrezenta. Mayelana nenkampani egaywa kabusha, umthombo wamabhethri e-lithium aguquguqukayo asethathe umhlalaphansi kufanele uqinisekiswe ngokwezinga elithile, usakazwe isiteshi sokugaywa kabusha, esilungele ukukhuthaza ukumaketha kwayo, kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwezinkampani ezigaya kabusha ezijwayelekile. Nobuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha, njll.

Umkhuba obonakalayo wukuthi nakuba izinkampani zezimoto zidlala indima yalesi sifundo, ukugaywa kabusha okuningi kuzothwalwa yizinkampani zangaphandle. Kuphakanyiswe ukuthi imodi ebalulekile yokugaya kabusha i-outlet ingahlukaniswa ibe imodi yenethiwekhi yokwakhiwa kabusha kwesiteshi sokuthengisa okungezakho kanye nenkampani yangaphandle egaya kabusha ukuze yakhe ngokuhlanganyela imodi yenethiwekhi yokugaya kabusha. Phakathi kwazo, inethiwekhi yokugaywa kabusha kokwakhiwa kabusha kwesiteshi sokuthengisa iyinto evamile, futhi kubalulekile ukuthembela esitolo somthengisi we-4S ukuze senze ukugaya kabusha okuhambisanayo, cishe u-80% wenkampani wamukele le modeli.

Ngokohlelo loMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, uzosebenzisa ngokugcwele isisekelo sezimboni ezifana nezimoto ezilahliwe ezikhona, ukuhlakazwa kukagesi kagesi kanye nensimbi engeyona insimbi, futhi iqondise inkampani egaya kabusha amabhethri okugcina amandla ukuze kuthuthukiswe intuthuko esimeme yemboni. Ngokusebenzisa inqubomgomo kanye nenkampani yemakethe, ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri okuhlinzekwa ngamandla okuyingxenye eminingi, ikusasa kulindeleke ukuthi lakhe uchungechunge lwezimboni oluphelele nolusezingeni. Kuzophuma nompompi basezimbonini.

Njengamanje, imboni yebhethri ye-lithium eguquguqukayo ehola i-Ningde Times isizuze i-Guangdong Bang Pubei ngenkampani yayo engaphansi i-Ningde kanye ne-Sheng yokuba namasheya kanye nokukhushulwa kwezimali. I-Guangdong Bangp iyi-scope yebhizinisi ehlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zebhethri, ukucubungula, ukuthengisa; ukuthuthukiswa nokudluliswa kobuchwepheshe bokubuyisela ibhethri lesibili likadoti, njll. Ngalokhu kutholwa, inkampani izongena ochungechungeni lwezimboni ebhizinisini lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion.

Kulezi zikhathi ezimbili, iKomidi Likazwelonke Lenkomfa Yezombangazwe Yabantu BaseShayina, Isazi Sezemfundo, i-Academy of Engineering yezwe lakithi, u-Chen Xiaohong, umongameli we-Hunan Business School, lithuthukise uhlelo lwezwe lami lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla kanye nezinga lemboni, landise ubuchwepheshe bezimboni obuhlobene, futhi lisungule uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri okuphoqelelwe. Ngokombono wesimo esikhona, ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri le-lithium okuguquguqukayo kwezwe lami kusesendimeni evelayo, futhi kusesigabeni sakho sokuqala. Nakuba umbuso wethule izinqubomgomo eziningi, uhlelo olunamandla lwe-lithium battery recycling alukasungulwa, amazinga embonini awaphelele, futhi uhlelo lobuchwepheshe aluqinile ngokwanele futhi luba yinkinga evinjiwe.

Ungalindi kuze kube yilapho ibhethri elilahliwe ligcwele amanzi, kuyabonakala ukuthi izimoto ezisebenza ngamandla amasha aziyingeni neze imvelo kunezimoto zikaphethiloli. Izinhlobo ezixubile zabagibeli bakwaHonda zifakwe amabhethri e-lithium-ion. Ngomhla ka-1 Mashi, u-Tomokazuabe, umphathi jikelele we-resource recycling fair (ResourceRecyClingexpo), u-Tomokazuabe, umphathi jikelele we-Honda Automobile Corporation, uthe: Kusukela ngo-2025, i-Honda izosebenzisa kabusha inombolo enkulu yebhethri ye-lithium, lapho Sizobe sesilungele ukungeza.

Njengamanje, iHonda ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezixubile zabagibeli eziyi-14. Ngokusho kwabakwaHonda, ukudayiswa kwezimoto okuyi-hybrid kubiza u-26% wesamba esidayisiwe, kanti izimoto ezingu-747,177 zidayiswe ngo-2018. I-ABE iphinde yathi: Ngo-2030, i-Honda ingase ikhiqize izimoto ezingu-300,000 ngamabhethri e-lithium-ion.

Uhlelo lwakwaHonda ukukhiqiza ama-alloys e-nickel-cobalt kusetshenziswa i-cathode yamabhethri alahlwayo. Inhloso iwukuba imakethe yokugcina i-hydrogen. I-ABE ithe: Ngokwentengo yemakethe ka-2017, emotweni ye-Fit (FIT), singaphinda sisebenzise izinto ze-nickel ne-cobalt ezibiza ama-yen angu-4,000 (cishe amadola angama-36 aseMelika, ama-239.

2 yuan). Kuze kube manje, izinga lokutholwa kwe-nickel lenkampani lingu-99.7 <000000>, ukutakula kwe-cobalt kungu-91.

3%, kanye nokutholakala kwe-manganese ngama-94.8%. Izingxoxo ze-ABE: abantu bakhathazekile ngokuthi izinto ze-nickel ne-cobalt zizoba zifushane, futhi bakhathazekile ngokuthi izindleko zokubuyisela zizoncishiswa ngemva kweminyaka embalwa.

I-ABE ilinganisela ukuthi izindleko zokubuyisela insimbi kumabhethri alahlwayo zingamayen angu-100 ngekhilogremu (cishe ama-yuan angu-5.98). Kodwa-ke, abangaphakathi benkampani egaywa kabusha bathi ngenxa yokuthi ukunikezwa kwebhethri kulinganiselwe, ukuntuleka kobuchwepheshe bokubuyisela obuvuthiwe kuholela ekusebenzeni okuphansi, izindleko zamanje ziphezulu.

I-ABE ikhomba ukuthi izindleko zokubuyisela zingancishiswa ngokulawula izindleko zokuhamba kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi ukuqaqa imoto. AbakwaHonda bahlela ukuthengisa ingxubevange enjena njenge-metal hydride (MH), esetshenziswa njengengxube yethangi lokugcina i-hydrogen. Isikhulu seJapan Steelworks sathi eminyakeni yamuva nje, ingxubevange yaseJapane ye-metal hydride idinga ukukhuphuka.

Le nkampani ikhiqize ama-alloys anjalo kanye namathangi okugcina i-hydrogen iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30. Amathangi okugcina i-hydrogen ensimbi yaseJapane aqukethe ingxubevange yensimbi ye-hydride, futhi ama-alloys anjalo ahlanganisa i-nickel engu-60%, i-lanthanum engu-30% ne-ruthenium kanye ne-silicone resin engu-10%. Ingxubevange ye-nickel iyanda lapho ithintana ne-hydrogen, futhi ukungezwa kwe-resin kungalawula ukwanda.

Ngokusho kweJapan, kuthiwa ikhiqiza ichibi elinobubanzi obungu-4,200 mm nobude obungama-550 mm ukuze isebenzise amathani angu-4 ale alloy.