Ngaba inkunkuma ye-lithium ion ibhetri iluncedo, indlela "yokuguqula inkunkuma ibe yindyebo"?

Автор: Iflowpower – Kannettavien voimalaitosten toimittaja

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixesha lewaranti yebhetri ye-lithium yiminyaka emi-5-8. Okwangoku, iimoto zombane zokuqala ezityalwe imali kwimarike zaqala ukungena kwixesha lokutshintshwa, kwaye ixesha eliphakamileyo lebhetri ye-lithium-ion nalo lifikile, kwaye liya kujongana njani neenkampani zebhetri ezidla umhlalaphantsi? Ukulahlwa, akukabikho sisombululo sipheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-Resource Recycling Expo eyayibanjelwe eTokyo kulo nyaka, umphathi ophezulu we-Honda Motors wathi: Inkampani iceba ukusebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion inkunkuma njengezinto eziluhlaza ukuqala ukuvelisa i-nickel-cobalt alloy.

Amaziko afanelekileyo aqikelela ukuba ibhetri ye-lithium-ion eza kubuyiselwa eJapan eJapan iya kunyuswa ukuya kwi-500,000 seti ukuya ku-2025. Ukunyuswa kweendleko eziphantsi Isithuthi sombane esikhoyo sele siphuhlisi isithuthi samandla esitsha sehlabathi, kodwa ukuba ibhetri ayifezekanga, ayiyi kubangela inkunkuma kuphela, kodwa iphinde izise iindawo ezinobungozi kunye neengozi zokhuseleko kuluntu. Ngokutsho kwe-European Auto News Network, iHonda Motors ibhengeze kwiGeneva Auto Show.

Ngo-2025, zonke iimoto ezintsha ezithengiswa eHonda eYurophu ziya kuba ziimodeli ezisulungekileyo zombane okanye ezixutyiweyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iimodeli ze-14 ezixubeneyo zabakhweli eziveliswe yiHonda zinexabiso elipheleleyo lentengiso ye-26%, kwaye i-747,177 yathengiswa ngo-2018. U-Tomokazuabe, umphathi jikelele we-Honda Motor Company Circular Resource Promotion Department, uthe: Ngo-2030, i-Honda inokuvelisa izithuthi ze-300,000 ngebhetri ye-lithium-ion.

Qaphela: Ukwenzela ireferensi kodwa ukuba iimoto ze-300,000 ezinebhetri ye-lithium-ion azinaseti yezicwangciso zokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwibhetri, ngoko okunye ukungcola kokusingqongileyo kuya kwenzeka. Ngokwexabiso lemarike ye-2017, imoto ye-Fit (FIT) inokubuyisela i-nickel kunye nezixhobo ze-cobalt ezixabisa i-4,000 yen (malunga ne-36 yeedola zase-US, i-239.2 yuan).

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izinga lokubuyisela i-nickel yenkampani yi-99.7 <000000>, ukubuyiswa kwe-cobalt yi-91.3%, kwaye ukubuyiswa kwe-manganese yi-94.

8%. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunikezelwa kwebhetri elinganiselweyo, ukungabikho kweteknoloji yokubuyisela ekhulile, ekhokelela kwixabiso eliphantsi lokubuyisela. Ngaloo ndlela, i-Honda ifuna ukuvelisa i-nickel-cobalt alloy ngokusebenzisa i-cathode yebhetri yenkunkuma, kwaye ukuqhutyelwa kwesibini kwe-alloy kuthengiswa njenge-hydride yensimbi.

Injongo yimarike yokugcina i-hydrogen. Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa iindleko zokubuyisela ngokulawula iindleko zokuthutha kunye nokuqhaqha imoto usebenzisa iirobhothi. Ngokutsho kwamashishini angaphakathi, iitanki zokugcina i-hydrogen zentsimbi yaseJapan zenziwe nge-metal hydride alloy, equkethe i-60% ye-nickel, i-30% ye-lanthanum kunye ne-ruthenium kunye ne-10% ye-silicone resin.

Kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iitoni ezi-4 ze-alloy enjalo kwi-tank yokugcina i-hydrogen enobubanzi be-4,200 mm kunye nobude be-550 mm. Eli themba lemarike lifanelekile ukujonga phambili. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngaphezu kwenkampani enye iqala ukusombulula ingxaki yokuhlaziywa kwakhona kweebhetri ze-lithium ion.

Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-Japan Automotive Manufacturers Association yakha imodeli yokuphinda isetyenziswe kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezidla umhlalaphantsi kulo lonke ishishini. Le projekthi ibandakanya iToyota, iNissan kunye nabanye abavelisi beemoto baseJapan. Bacinga ukuba iindawo zokuqhawula iimoto ziya kuchithwa kwibhetri esele isidla umhlala-phantsi emva kokufumana ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye iinkqubo zicutshungulwa kwindawo yokuphinda isetyenziswe.

Abavelisi beemoto baya kuhlawula umrhumo kumaziko entsebenziswano aseJapan okusetyenziswa kweemoto ngesetyhula. UTesla CTO Sterlabell wenze isindululo sokuba uTesla abuyise izixhobo zebhetri kumzi-mveliso omkhulu. I-Tesra inesicwangciso sokubuyisela ibhetri, kwaye kukho nesikhokelo esicacileyo seshishini.

I-Super Factory idibanisa ikhonkco lokubonelela, elilungele ukuchithwa kwebhetri, ukubuyisela kwizinto eziluhlaza, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona. Kunyaka ophelileyo, uTesla uye waphuhlisa ishishini lokugcina amandla e-1.04GWH, phantse kathathu ishishini lokugcina amandla e-2017 358MWH, ukufikelela kwinqanaba elitsha.

Ukwenziwa kwakhona kwebhetri yasekhaya ekhawulezileyo nje ukuba ibhetri ye-lithium eguquguqukayo ingene kwixesha loqhambuko, kusenokwenzeka ukuba izise ubunzima kwiintlekele. Musa ukubuyisela iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziya kubangela ukungcola okwesibini, kodwa iindleko zokubuyisela kunzima ukunciphisa, njl., phambi kwenkampani yokubuyisela kwakhona.

Idatha yamva nje evela "kwiNgxelo yoPhando" ibonisa ukuba ibhetri yokugcina amandla yelizwe lam ingaphezulu kwe-131GWH, kwaye isikali soshishino sibekwe. Kuhlobo oluxhasayo, i-lithium iron phosphate kunye neebhetri ze-ternary ngokulandelanayo malunga ne-54%, i-40%, ngokulandelanayo. Okwangoku, obona bunzima bukhulu ekubuyiseni ibhetri bubandakanya umqobo wobugcisa ukuvuselela kwaye ukusetyenziswa kusafuna ukwaphulwa.

Inkqubo yokurisayikilisha ayikabunjwa, kwaye ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kunzima. Ngokuphathelene noku, urhulumente kufuneka aphucule inkqubo yenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo exhasayo, azise inkuthazo eyohlukeneyo, avumele inkampani ukuba incamle ubumnandi, idlale eyona nto isetyenziswayo kwimarike, inokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokurisayikilisha, yenze amaqela amaninzi. Enyanisweni, kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ilizwe lam i-Tower liyekile ukuthengwa kweebhetri ze-lead-acid, kwaye zifakwe ileli malunga nezikhululo ezisisiseko ze-120,000 kumaphondo angama-31 kunye nezixeko.

Ukongeza, i-State Grid iphinda izame ukwakha ileli ye-1MWH, isebenzisa iprojekti ye-phosphate ion yebhetri ye-ion yokubonisa inkqubo yokugcina amandla, esetyenziselwa ukwamkela ukuveliswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokuguqulwa kwamaza. Ngokuphathelele ibhetri esele isidla umhlala-phantsi, "Umgaqo-nkqubo woBuchule boBuchule beBattery yeSithuthi soMbane" okhutshwe ngabaPhathiswa abaHlanu ulawulwe ngokucacileyo, oko kukuthi, ngubani onoxanduva, ngubani ongcolisa olawulayo?. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkampani yokuvelisa ibhetri ye-lithium enamandla kunye nemveliso yemoto kufuneka ithathe uxanduva lokuphinda isetyenziswe ibhetri ye-lithium.

Ngokwesikhokelo, abavelisi beemoto bakha iisistim zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Okwangoku, iinkampani ezingama-45 ezifana ne-Beiqi New Energy kunye ne-Guangzhou Auto Mitsubishi ziseke amaziko angama-3204 eenkonzo zokurisayikilisha. Kubalulekile ukugxila kummandla waseBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei, unxantathu omude, iPearl River Delta kunye neenqwelo zamandla eziphakathi, kwaye kubalulekile kwivenkile ye-4S.

Nikela. Ngokubhekiselele kwinkampani yokuphinda isetyenziswe, umthombo weebhetri ze-lithium ezidla umhlala-phantsi kufuneka ziqinisekiswe kwinqanaba elithile, zisasaze ijelo lokuphinda lisetyenziswe, elilungele ukukhuthaza ukuthengiswa kwayo, kunye nokuhlaziywa kweenkampani eziqhelekileyo zokuhlaziya. Kwaye iteknoloji yokuphinda isetyenziswe, njl.

Umkhwa obonakalayo kukuba nangona iinkampani zeemoto zidlala uxanduva lomxholo, ukurisayikilishwa okungakumbi kuya kuthwalwa ziinkampani zangaphandle. Kucetywa ukuba imowudi yokurisayikilisha ebalulekileyo yendawo esetyenzisiweyo inokwahlulwa ibe yimowudi yothungelwano yolwakhiwo lweshaneli yokuthengisa enokurisayikilisha kunye nenkampani yesithathu yokurisayikilisha ukwakha ngokudibeneyo imowudi yothungelwano lokurisayikilisha. Phakathi kwazo, inethiwekhi yokuthengisa ngokutsha yokwakha itshaneli yokuthengisa iyinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuthembela kwivenkile ye-4S yomthengisi ukwenza uhlaziyo oluhambelanayo, malunga ne-80% yenkampani yamkele le modeli.

Ngokocwangciso loMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi, iya kusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo isiseko semizi-mveliso esinje ngezithuthi ezilahliweyo, ukuchithwa kombane we-elektroniki kunye nesinyithi esingenawo i-ferrous, kunye nokulungelelanisa inkampani yogcino lwebhetri yokuphinda isetyenziswe ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini. Ngomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nenkampani yentengiso, unikezelo lwamandla ombane oluphinda-phinda lusetyenziswe, ikamva lilindeleke ukuba lenze ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso elipheleleyo nelisemgangathweni. Iimpompo zeshishini nazo ziya kuphuma.

Okwangoku, imboni yebhethri ye-lithium ehamba phambili ekhokelela kwi-Ningde Times ifumene i-Guangdong Bang Pubei nge-subsidiary yayo i-Ningde kunye ne-Sheng yokubamba isabelo kunye nokunyuka kwenkunzi. I-Guangdong Bangp yindawo yoshishino ebandakanya ukuveliswa kwezinto zebhetri, ukusetyenzwa, ukuthengisa; uphuhliso kunye nokudluliselwa kweteknoloji yokubuyisela ibhetri yesibini, njl. Ngale nto yokufunyanwa, inkampani iya kungena kwikhonkco leshishini kwishishini lokuphinda lisetyenziswe ibhetri ye-lithium-ion.

Kwiiseshoni ezimbini, iKomiti yeSizwe yeNkomfa yezoPolitiko yaseTshayina, i-Academician, ilizwe lam i-Academy of Engineering, u-Chen Xiaohong, umongameli we-Hunan Business School, uphucule inkqubo yokugcinwa kwebhetri yelizwe lam kunye nomgangatho woshishino, ukwandisa iteknoloji yezoshishino ehambelanayo, kunye nokuseka ibhetri yokugcina amandla ngenkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe. Ukusuka kwimbono yesimo se-quo, ibhetri ye-lithium eguquguqukayo yelizwe lam isekwindawo esakhulayo, kwaye ikwinqanaba layo lokuqala. Nangona urhulumente uye wazisa inani lemigaqo-nkqubo, ibhetri ye-lithium enamandla yokunyanzeliswa kwenkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe, imigangatho yoshishino ayifezekanga, kwaye inkqubo yobugcisa ayinamandla ngokwaneleyo kwaye ibe yingxaki enyanzelwayo.

Musa ukulinda de ibe ibhetri elahliweyo lizaliswe ngamanzi, kuqondwa ukuba iimoto zamandla amatsha azinabungozi kokusingqongileyo kunezithuthi zamafutha. Iimodeli ezixubeneyo zabakhweli bakwaHonda baxhotyiswe ngeebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ngomhla we-1 ka-Matshi, u-Tomokazuabe, umphathi jikelele we-resource recycling fair (ResourceRecyClingexpo), u-Tomokazuabe, umphathi jikelele we-Honda Automobile Corporation, wathi: Ukususela kwi-2025, i-Honda iya kuphinda isetyenziswe inani elikhulu le-lithium yenkunkuma, xa siya kuba sikulungele ukongeza.

Okwangoku, Honda uvelisa 14 imifuziselo abakhweli exutywe. Ngokutsho kwe-Honda, i-akhawunti yayo yokuthengisa imoto ye-hybrid i-26% yentengiso yayo iyonke, kunye ne-747,177 yezithuthi ezithengisiweyo ngo-2018. I-ABE iphinde yathi: Ngo-2030, i-Honda inokuvelisa iinqwelo ze-300,000 kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion.

Isicwangciso sakwaHonda kukuvelisa iialloyi zenickel-cobalt zisebenzisa i-cathode yeebhetri zenkunkuma. Injongo kukuthengisa i-hydrogen yokugcina. U-ABE uthe: Ngokwexabiso lemarike ye-2017, ukusuka kwi-Fit (FIT) imoto, sinokuphinda sisebenzise i-nickel kunye nezinto ze-cobalt ezixabisa i-4,000 yen (malunga ne-36 yeedola zase-US, i-239.

2 yuan). Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izinga lokubuyisela i-nickel yenkampani yi-99.7 <000000>, ukubuyiswa kwe-cobalt yi-91.

I-3%, kunye nokubuyiswa kwe-manganese yi-94.8%. Iintetho ze-ABE: abantu banenkxalabo yokuba izinto ze-nickel kunye ne-cobalt ziya kuba zifutshane, kwaye banenkxalabo yokuba iindleko zokubuyisela ziya kuncitshiswa emva kweminyaka embalwa.

I-ABE iqikelela ukuba iindleko zokubuyisela isinyithi kwiibhetri zenkunkuma yi-100 yen ngekhilogram (malunga ne-5.98 yuan). Nangona kunjalo, abangaphakathi benkampani yokurisayikilisha bathi ngenxa yokuba unikezelo lwebhetri lulinganiselwe, ukunqongophala kwetekhnoloji yokubuyisela abantu abadala kukhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphantsi, ixabiso langoku liphezulu.

I-ABE ibonisa ukuba iindleko zokubuyisela zingancitshiswa ngokulawula iindleko zokuthutha kunye nokusetyenziswa kweerobhothi ukuqhawula imoto. I-Honda iceba ukuthengisa i-alloy yesibini njenge-hydride yensimbi (MH), esetyenziswa njenge-hydrogen tank alloy alloy. Umphathi weJapan Steelworks wathi kwiminyaka yakutshanje, intsimbi yaseJapan ihydride alloy ifuna ukunyuka.

Inkampani ivelise i-alloys kunye neetanki zokugcina i-hydrogen iminyaka engaphezu kwe-30. Iitanki zokugcina i-hydrogen yentsimbi yaseJapan iqulethe i-alloy ye-metal hydride, kwaye ezo ngxube zibandakanya i-nickel ye-60%, i-30% ye-lanthanum kunye ne-ruthenium kunye ne-10% ye-silicone resin. I-alloy ye-nickel iyanda ngokuqhagamshelana ne-hydrogen, kwaye ukongezwa kwe-resin kunokulawula ukwanda.

Ngokutsho kweJapan, kuthiwa ivelisa indawo yokugcina amanzi enobubanzi obuyi-4,200 mm kunye nobude obungama-550 mm ukuze kusetyenziswe iitoni ezi-4 zale alloy.