Ngaba iitshaja zeemoto zombane zizonke? | iFlowPower

"Nangona zonke ii-EVs zisebenzisa iiplagi ezifanayo zeNqanaba loku-1 kunye neNqanaba lesi-2 lokutshaja, imigangatho yokutshaja kwe-DC inokwahluka phakathi kwabavelisi kunye nemimandla."

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeplagi kunye neetshaja ezisekelwe kwiintlobo zokutshaja 

Ukutshaja kwe-EV kungahlelwa ngokwamanqanaba amathathu ahlukeneyo. La manqanaba amele iziphumo zamandla, ngoko ke ukutshaja kwesantya, ukufikelela ekuhlawuleni imoto yombane. Inqanaba ngalinye lineentlobo zedibanisi ezichongiweyo ezilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi okanye aphezulu, kunye nokulawula ukutshaja kwe-AC okanye kwe-DC. Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okutshaja kwimoto yakho yombane abonisa isantya kunye nombane obiza ngawo isithuthi sakho. Ngamafutshane, ziiplagi ezisemgangathweni ezifanayo zeNqanaba loku-1 kunye neNqanaba lesi-2 lokutshaja kwaye ziya kuba neeadaptha ezisebenzayo, kodwa iiplagi ezizimeleyo ziyafuneka kwi-DC yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo.

Iindidi zeplagi yemoto yombane

1. I-SAE J1772 (Udidi loku-1):

   - Indlela yokuTshaja: Isetyenziselwa ukutshaja ngokutshintshanayo (AC).

   - Imimandla eSebenzayo: Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kuMntla Melika.

   - Iimpawu: I-SAE J1772 ikhonkco iplagi enenotshi, eyaziwayo ngokuhambelana kwayo okuqinileyo, ifanelekile kwiimoto ezininzi zombane.

   - Isantya sokutshaja: Iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizikhululo zokutshaja ze-AC zasekhaya kunye nezikawonke-wonke, ezibonelela ngezantya zokutshaja ezicothayo ezifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zemihla ngemihla.

Ukutshaja kweNqanaba loku-1 (120-volt AC)

Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 zisebenzisa iplagi ye-AC ye-volt eyi-120 kwaye zinokuqhagamshelwa ngokulula kwindawo yombane eqhelekileyo. Inokwenziwa ngeNqanaba loku-1 lentambo ye-EVSE ene-  iplagi yasekhaya enemigangatho emithathu kwelinye icala lendawo yokuphuma kunye nesidibanisi esisemgangathweni se-J1722 sesithuthi. Xa udityaniswe neplagi ye-120V AC, amazinga okutshaja agubungela phakathi kwe-1.4kW ukuya kwi-3kW kwaye angathatha naphina ukusuka kwiiyure ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-12 ngokuxhomekeke kumthamo webhetri nakwimeko. 

Ukutshaja kweNqanaba 2 (240-volt AC)

Ukutshaja kweNqanaba lesi-2 kubhekiselele kwindlela yokutshaja kwizithuthi zombane (EVs) esebenzisa amandla ombane aphezulu kuneendawo zokuthengisa ezisemgangathweni zasekhaya. Ibandakanya umthombo wamandla we-240-volt kwaye ifuna ukufakelwa kwesikhululo sokutshaja esikhethekileyo okanye itshaja exhonywe eludongeni. 

Ukutshaja kweNqanaba lesi-2 kukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye kunokubonelela ngexabiso eliphezulu lokutshaja. Iqhele ukusetyenziswa ekhaya, kwiindawo zokusebenza, nakwizikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke ukutshaja ii-EVs. Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 ziyahambelana neemodeli ezininzi ze-EV kwaye zinokutshaja isithuthi ngokupheleleyo kwisithuba seeyure, kuxhomekeke kumthamo webhetri.

Ukutshaja kweNqanaba lesi-2 kubonelela ngokulula kunye nokuguquguquka kubanikazi be-EV, njengoko ibonelela ngamaxesha okukhawuleza okutshaja kwaye yenza ukuba kube lula ukuqhuba ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iziseko zokutshaja zeNqanaba 2 zinokungafumaneki ngokubanzi njengokutshaja kweNqanaba 1, ngakumbi kwimimandla ethile okanye kwiindawo ezithile.

Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC (Ukutshaja kweNqanaba lesi-3)

Ukutshaja kweNqanaba lesi-3 yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokuhlawula isithuthi sombane. Nangona isenokungaqheleki njengeetshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2, iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-3 nazo zinokufumaneka nakweyiphi na indawo enabantu abaninzi. Ngokungafaniyo neNqanaba lesi-2 lokutshaja, ezinye ii-EVs zisenokungahambelani neNqanaba lesi-3 lokutshaja. Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-3 nazo zifuna ukufakela kwaye zinikeze ukutshaja nge-480V AC okanye iiplagi zeDC. Ixesha lokutshaja linokuthatha ukusuka kwimizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwiyure enye ngesantya sokutshaja esingama-43kW ukuya kwi-100+kW nge-CHAdeMO okanye i-CCS isinxibelelanisi. Zombini iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 nelesi-3 zineziqhagamshelo ezibotshelelwe kwizikhululo zokutshaja.

Njengoko kunjalo ngesixhobo ngasinye esifuna ukutshaja, iibhetri zemoto yakho ziya kuncipha ekusebenzeni kakuhle ngayo yonke intlawulo. Ngononophelo olufanelekileyo, iibhetri zemoto zinokuhlala iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu! Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usebenzisa imoto yakho yonke imihla phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kuya kuba kuhle ukuyibuyisela emva kweminyaka emithathu. Ngaphandle kweli nqaku, iibhetri ezininzi zeemoto aziyi kuba zithembeke kwaye zinokukhokelela kwimiba emininzi yokhuseleko.

2. Uhlobo 2 (Mennekes):

   - Indlela yokuTshaja: Isetyenziselwa ukutshaja ngokutshintshanayo (AC).

   - Imimandla eSebenzayo: Isetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu.

   - Iimpawu: Uhlobo lwe-2 ikhonkco yiplagi ye-cylindrical, ibonakala ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye ikwazi ukuxhasa amandla aphezulu okutshaja.

   -Isantya sokutshaja: Yenzelwe ukutshaja okunamandla aphezulu, ukubonelela ngezantya zokutshaja ze-AC ezikhawulezayo.

3. CHAdeMO:

   - Indlela yokuTjaja: Isetyenziselwa ukutshaja ngokuthe ngqo ngoku (DC) ngokukhawuleza.

   -Imimandla eSebenzayo: Ikakhulu yamkelwe ngamaJapan kunye nabavelisi beemoto baseAsia.

   - Iimpawu: Isidibanisi se-CHAdeMO yiplagi enkulu, ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuxhasa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwamandla aphezulu.

   - Isantya sokutshaja: Ifanelekile kwizitishi zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ukuhambisa ukutshaja okukhawulezileyo okufanelekileyo kuhambo olude kunye neemfuno zokutshaja ezingxamisekileyo.

4. Inkqubo yokuTshaja eDityanisiweyo (CCS):

   - Indlela yokutshaja: Isetyenziselwa zombini i-alternating current (AC) kunye ne-direct current (DC) yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza.

   - Imimandla eSebenzayo: Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kuMntla Melika naseYurophu.

   - Iimpawu: Isixhumi seCCS sidibanisa uhlobo lwe-2 isixhumi (sokutshaja kwe-AC) kunye nezikhonkwane ezibini ze-conductive ezongezelelweyo (ukukhawuleza kwe-DC ukutshaja), ukuvumela izithuthi ukuba zihlawule kwiplagi efanayo kwi-AC kunye ne-DC.

   - Isantya sokutshaja: Iyakwazi ukubonelela ngezantya zokutshaja ze-AC kunye ne-DC, ukulungiselela iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja.

5. I-GB/T (iMigangatho yeSizwe):

   - Indlela yokuTshaja: Isetyenziselwa zombini i-alternating current (AC) kunye ne-direct current (DC) yokutshaja.

   - Imimandla eSebenzayo: Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwilizwe laseTshayina.

   - Iimpawu: Isixhumi se-GB / T ngumgangatho wokutshaja ophuhliswe yiKomiti yeMigangatho yeSizwe yaseTshayina, ehambelana ngokubanzi neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezithuthi zombane kunye nezixhobo zokuhlawula.

   - Isantya sokutshaja: Inikezela ngeendlela zokutshaja eziguquguqukayo ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja.

6. Tesla:

   - Indlela yokuTjaja: Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizithuthi zombane zohlobo lweTesla.

   -Imimandla eSebenzayo: I-Tesla ibiza iinethiwekhi kwihlabathi jikelele.

   - Iimpawu: I-Tesla ithatha iziqhagamshelo zokutshaja ezizodwa kunye nemigangatho, ehambelana kuphela neenqwelo ze-brand ye-Tesla, ezingasebenzisekiyo kwezinye iimpawu zemoto yombane.

   - Isantya sokutshaja: Izitishi zokutshaja zeTesla zibonelela ngokutshaja kwamandla aphezulu, okwenza isantya sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza silungele iimfuno zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwesithuthi sikaTesla.

Le migangatho igubungela iimfuno zokutshaja zemimandla eyahlukeneyo kunye neemodeli zezithuthi, ezibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi kubasebenzisi bezithuthi zombane. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeyantlukwano yemigangatho yokutshaja, ezinye iindawo zokutshaja zinokufuna ukuxhotyiswa ngeentlobo ezininzi zeziqhagamshelo zokutshaja ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokutshaja zeempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodeli zezithuthi zombane.