Ufinyelela kanjani "ukwenziwa kwezinto eziqondile" ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kadoti?

ليکڪ: آئي فلو پاور - Nešiojamų elektrinių tiekėjas

Okokuqala bheka idatha, ngedatha bona izidingo zemakethe kanye nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe: 1) Ngokusho kwezwe lami I-Automotive Industry Association, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla ka-2017 kanye nokuthengiswa kufinyelele ezigidini ezingu-7.94, 7.77 million, kwakhuphukela ku-53.

U-8%, 53.3%, ngokulandelana, izimoto ezisebenza ngamandla eNtsha zenza u-2.7% wesamba sezizonke ezidayisiwe.

I-2) Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2017, ikhuthaze izimoto ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.8 zamandla amasha, futhi ibhethri yokugcina amandla cishe i-86.9GWH.

Ngokusho koMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, kulindeleke ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla kufinyelele ezigidini ezi-2, kanti izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezingenasici zenza u-56%. I-3) Ngokusho kwamandla amasha emoto yabagibeli amandla ebhethri ye-lithium-ion iminyaka engu-5-6, izimoto zezentengiselwano iminyaka engu-2-3, kulindeleke ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion yezwe lami cishe ku-10.7 billion yuan ngo-2020, kuhlanganise ne-64 100 million yuan, ukusetshenziswa kokuvuselela cishe 4.

3 billion yuan. Amaphuzu amathathu angenhla abone imakethe enkulu yokugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ashukumisayo, kodwa izinga lobuchwepheshe liphinde libeke phambili izidingo, "i-"Mechanical Development Action ye-Automobile Power Lithium-Ion Battery Industry "ihlongozwa ngo-2020, i-lithium entsha I-ion-powered lithium-ion battery monomer ingaphezu kuka-30 kg yebhethri yamandla angaphezu kuka-30W. Uhlelo lungaphezu kuka-260Wh/kg kunamandla.

Izindleko zehliswa zibe yi-1 yuan / WH, kanti imvelo -30 ¡ã C kuya ku-55 ¡ã C isetshenziselwa u-2025, i-monomer ingamandla amaningi. 500WH / kg. Ngale datha engenhla, singakwazi futhi ukubona ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla ukushayela ukuthuthukiswa kwayo yonke ibhethri ye-lithium-ion yamandla e-lithium-ion, ephinde ilethe isidingo semakethe sokusebenzisa ibhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla.

U-Zhao Jindi, usihlalo we-Battery Industry Association yezwe lami, uthe kukhona okwamanje ekushiseni ngokweqile kokutshalwa kwezimali, ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile buntula ubuhlakani obusha obuzimele, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimoto zamandla amasha, ukuthuthukiswa kochungechunge lwezimboni, ukuphepha kokusetshenziswa kwesitebhisi ukuntuleka kokuphepha, ukukhuphuka kwempahla eluhlaza Uchungechunge lwezinkinga ezisebenzayo ezifana nezinzuzo zezindleko. Izifundiswa zaseYang Yusheng zafingqa ngokunembe kakhulu ezinye izinkinga ezidinga ukusingathwa, futhi zicela uhulumeni ukuthi ahole, ochwepheshe nezinye izinkinga zokusebenzisana eziyingxenye eminingi, izinkinga ezinamandla ezibhekene nebhethri ye-lithium-ion yamandla: 1) Ukuxhaswa ngesizathu esikhulu Isengezo senkampani yemoto kagesi, sithuthukise umngcele woxhaso, iketango lenkampani eholayo, ibhethri lenkampani ehluphekayo; 2) Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile, okuholela entengo yebhethri ye-lithium-ion, inzuzo ephansi, Isikhathi sokukhiqiza; 3) I-Cobalt, izinsiza ze-nickel, intengo ingaphansi kwabantu, kunzima ukusekela izinkulungwane zezidingo zokucubungula imoto kagesi; 4) Izibonelelo kanye nezingwegwe ze-mileage, zenza kube ngcono kunamandla, futhi ibhethri le-ternary liqukethe i-333/523 kuya ku-622/811, i-nickel Okuqukethwe kokuqukethwe kuncishiswa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa, ukuphepha kuyehliswa; 5) Isisindo semoto, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-air conditioner, ukunciphisa imayela lokushayela, imali yokushaja inqwaba, impilo yebhethri ifushane, ibhethri lesibili kufanele lithengwe; 6) uxhaso wayeka Ngemva kwalokho, kunzima ukuthengisa high. Lezi zinkinga zikhombisa izinselelo zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni.

Njengoba u-Yang&39;s academician esho ukuthi lezi zinkinga aziyona indaba eyodwa, uhulumeni, inkampani, ukusebenzisana komphakathi kwamaqembu amaningi. Ubuchwepheshe bokubuyiselwa kwebhethri basekhaya nabangaphandle buqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bokutholwa kwebhethri, i-ToxCo yangaphandle, i-Aeatechnology, i-Inmetco, i-SNAM, i-Toshiba Terume, i-Sumitomo Metal Mining Company ingabuyisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion, lapho i-Toxco ingaxazulula khona amamodeli ahlukene, izakhiwo ze-Chemical ezihlukene zamabhethri e-lithium-ion; yasekhaya iqala sekwephuzile, i-Greenmei yamanje, i-Bangu (etholwe yi-Ningde Times) kanye nebhethri elikhulu lokugaywa kabusha lezinkampani ezintathu e-Zhangzhou Hao Peng, elibalelwa ku-90%. Enkambweni yokutakula, i-ToxCO isebenzisa inqubo emanzi ukuze iqale ibhule umdlavuza ku--198 ¡ã C liquid nitrogen ku -198 ¡ã C, kuMETCO, isebenzisa inqubo yomlilo esithandweni somlilo se-arc kagesi, futhi iJalimane ngokuvamile isebenzisa inhlanganisela yomlilo engenamlilo futhi emanzi.

Inqubo, ngokusebenzisa "previvorize-vacuum isixazululo ezishisayo - isixazululo mechanical - the ingcweti - Wet method" inqubo inqubo walulama ezindaweni ezahlukene; iGreenmei yasekhaya, i-Bangu ivamise ukusebenzisa inqubo emanzi, kanye ne-Fire Recycling. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2020, imboni izofinyelela ekuhlakazweni kobuchwepheshe ngokwenza okuzenzakalelayo, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokudilizwa, futhi izuze ngaphezu kwama-85% wokuhlunga kwe-aluminium yethusi, izinga lokutholwa kwe-nickel-wateng manganese elingaphezu kuka-98%, kanye nezinga lokutholwa kwezinsiza ze-lithium ezingaphezu kuka-60%. , Futhi udabule ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwe-graphite kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa izinsiza.

Azikho izinkampani ezine ezibalwe etafuleni, inkampani ayizange ifake i-Li Recycling enkulu, i-Li Recycling Research ebuntwaneni, ukuntuleka kokubola kwemishini, amacala ezimboni; Inqubo yokutakula i-Ni ne-CO ye-acid-base kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-ejenti; Kunocwaningo oluncane ngokuvuselelwa kabusha kokulungisa izinto. Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwamakolishi namanyuvesi kusekelwa ubuchwepheshe bokunikezela ngokugaywa kabusha. Izifundiswa zaseYang Yusheng zaveza ukuthi ukuphepha kuyindaba eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwezitebhisi: 1) Cabanga ngenkinga yokusebenzisa iladi ekwakhiweni kwephakethe lebhethri - ukucubungula, kusetshenziswa idatha enkulu ukuze kusungulwe ukuphathwa okulandelekayo Uhlelo, olubonisa ukuthi impahla ye-electrode kulula ukuhlukanisa; Ukusetshenziswa kosayizi ophezulu, kodwa akukho nzuzo lapho kukhiqizwa kabusha.

Kubuchwepheshe bokuphinda usebenzise kabusha ubuchwepheshe be-Positive Code Materials, uProfesa Wang Dabui, eNyuvesi yaseLanzhou, uthuthukise insimbi yendabuko emanzi, esebenzisa "izinga lokushisa eliphansi eligazingiwe - amanzi ancibilikile - ukukhiqiza kabusha" ubuchwepheshe benqubo emfushane ukwenza lula umzila wenqubo omanzi, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, i-sulfuric acid Ukunciphisa umthamo, ayisasebenzisi i-asidi ye-H20 pollution, ingasasebenzisi i-H200 pollution /thani. Isici se-lithium ezintweni ezinhle ze-electrode ngokuvamile zilulama endaweni yokuqala ye-alkaline, ingxenye yesisombululo iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukushintshwa kunzima, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kahle kokululama kwe-lithium kuvame ukuphansi kune-nickel-cobalt manganese, umcwaningi we-Sun Wei we-Chinese Academy of Sciences wehliswa yi-organic carbon. I-ejenti, ngokukhetha ibhubhisa i-electrode waste crystal structure, ikhuthaza izakhi ze-lithium ukuvula, ukufeza ukukhishwa okukhethiwe, izinga lokukhishwa kwe-lithium, izinga lokukhipha> 95%.

I-electrolyte incane ebhethrini, kodwa imvelo inkulu kakhulu, futhi uprofesa we-Dai Changsong ophethwe yi-Harbin waveza ukuthi kukhona i-organic solvent PC kanye ne-DEC evaporation ngesikhathi se-electrolyte, kanye ne-HF, i-organophosphate (OPS), iqembu le-alkyl Inkinga yezinhlanganisela ezinobuthi neziyingozi njenge-fluoroplastics, uProfessor weDaily, uqhathanise izinzuzo nezixazululo ze-vacudvantage eyengeziwe indlela, indlela yokukhipha i-CO2 ebaluleke kakhulu, usebenzisa i-CO2 ekhishwe kakhulu, engeza i-methanol, i-ethanol, njll. ohlelweni, njll. "Ingakhuphula kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-polar solute.

Enqubweni yokutakula, ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwasekhaya kwendlela eyomile nemanzi, uProfesa Tamari, okuyiNorthern Engineering, wethula inqubo yokuhlehlisa esebenzayo, ngokusebenzisa "isikrini sokudiliza-esiwugazini-esiqhaqhazelayo (esihle nesibi)" ukuze kuzuzwe ukululama kwezinto ezibonakalayo, Kulolu hlelo, i-acidic leaching "imvula exubekile" itholwe ku-FE, indlela ye-MN kanye ne-electrodeposition. I-Ni, i-Li recovery, ukutakula kwe-CO kuqala nge-oxalic acid, bese ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo kungathola ukusebenza ukuze kuqhathaniswe. Ukucubungula kabusha imikhiqizo yemikhiqizo yamaminerali; izinga lokuphuma kwe-nickel-manganese njenge-nickel-wateng manganese ku-Trieager selifinyelele ku-99%, futhi isandulela sitholwa ngokucwilisa i-nickel-cobalt positive electrode material acid ukuze kutholwe isandulela, bese kubalwa. Ukuvuselelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo.

Inkampani iye yahlola isisombululo sokugaywa kabusha, futhi umgwaqo oya ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni usetshenziswa kuledi yebhethri. Ezinye izinkampani zihlose ukuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani, zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle, zehlise izindleko futhi ziqinisekise ukuphepha ngokusebenzisa ubuhlakani. I-Zhongtiahong lithium ekusetshenzisweni kwamamodeli okuthengisa okuqashwayo esinyathelweni sebhethri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo, inani lokusetshenziswa komthengisi lebhethri le-lithium ion likadoti lingama-70%, futhi inani lokusetshenziswa okuvuselelekayo libalelwa ku-30%, futhi inani lokuvuselela linqwabelana kumabhethri e-ternary.

Ukuvuselelwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion kuphansi; izinga lokudilizwa kwebhethri ye-lithium ion elinamandla linzima ukuhambisana nezingxenye, izinto zokwakha, izinqubo zokushisela, izinhlobo zamaseli kagesi, ubuciko be-hydraulic, uchungechunge lwamamojula, izakhiwo ze-chassis, njll. I-Zhongtiahong lithium isebenzisa ulayini wokuqaqa ozenzakalelayo ukuze kufinyelelwe ekuhlakazweni kobuhlakani, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlakaza. I-Shenzhen Thai iphinde yasungula imigqa ehlakaniphile yokuhlakaza, yazuza izimoto zamandla ezintsha ezilahliwe ezingu-50,000, amathani angu-30,000 amabhethri asethathe umhlalaphansi, namathani angu-40,000 amabhethri asethathe umhlalaphansi, ahlukanisa amathani angu-15,000 amabhethri alahliwe.

I-Shenzhen Xionghao yethula ubuchwepheshe obukhulu bedatha, ukusetshenziswa emkhiqizweni, izindleko, uchungechunge lwezimboni, imakethe engaba khona. izinsiza zezwe lami ze-cobalt ziyashoda, futhi kuyadingeka ukungenisa kusuka eCongo nakwamanye amazwe, futhi i-cobalt idlala ukusebenza okujikelezayo nokukhulisa impahla ngokwezinto ezinamalungu amathathu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuzinzisa. Imboni ye-Huayou Cobalt njengomphakeli wezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-cobalt, umugqa wayo wokucubungula Ithuthukiswe kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kobuhlakani, isungule imboni ehlakaniphile.

Inqubo yokumanzisa yendabuko inezinga eliphansi lokutakula (ama-yuan amathathu <50%, iron lithium <30%), environmental pollution (incineration or buried, acid-base dip), can not pass the first, second-line city environmental assessment, long distance transportation cost, phosphoric acid Lithium lithium, lithium manganate is not high, economic efficiency is different, etc. In order to deal with the drawback of traditional wet process, Beijing Saidmy adopts precision dismantling + material repair technology, not only recovering the ternary battery, but also solve a variety of batteries such as lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, and lithium titanate, and has good recycling Economic; Saidmy's recycling technology achieves full turn, automatic, pure physiological dismantling, no harmful gas, realizing the full component recycling of lithium electrical materials; you can use the most stringent environmental assessment, convenient construction plant, reduce solution costs and Environmental cost. In addition, some companies have considered their own actual considerations, and propose the health index assessment of retired battery screening tests, in the design and processing of dynamic lithium-ion batteries, disassemble, packaging transportation, storage, residual testing, dismantling, step utilization, and regeneration.

Thuthukisa amasistimu ahambisanayo ajwayelekile, ucacise izinkampani ezicubungula amabhethri, izinkampani ezilungisa izimoto, izinkampani ezihlakazwayo ezihlakazwa kabusha ezigaywe kabusha izimoto, ukusetshenziswa kwabadayisi kanye nemisebenzi ebalulekile yenkampani esetshenziswa kabusha. Inqubomgomo yemboni iyathuthukiswa kancane kancane. Ukuze kusetshenziswe kabusha, yile mibuzo elandelayo: 1) Kukhona imibuzo elandelayo: 1) Imithetho ekhethekile neziqondiso ukushoda kwesistimu yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri yokugcina amandla; 2) Uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla emfucuza alusungulwa kahle; 3) Amazinga enqubomgomo adinga ukuthuthukiswa; I-4) Ukusekelwa okuncane kobuchwepheshe bokuvuselela ibhethri lesitoreji samandla kanye nocwaningo lwemishini; 5) I-Automobile Recycling Decoration Company eseyilahliwe izothuthukiswa ngokushesha; 6) ukuntula isiqondiso kanye nezinkambiso isinyathelo izimboni ukusetshenziswa.

Izindleko zokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ashukumisayo ahlanganisa ukuthutha, ukupakisha, indawo yokugcina impahla, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukudilizwa, ukutholwa, izindleko zangemva kokuthengisa, okufanele kulandele imithethonqubo yezokuthutha yomhlangano webhethri kazwelonke kanye nezidingo ezijwayelekile, ukuncibilika ukuze kulandelwe izindinganiso kazwelonke zensimbi nezinsimbi ezingenayo ayoni Ukuncibilika kwamazinga okucubungula ukuphepha kwenkampani kanye nezinye izidingo ezihlobene nemvelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kobungani nokuphepha. Kunqubomgomo yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri le-lithium-ion eliguquguqukayo, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi umemezele "Izinhlinzeko Zesikhashana Zokuphathwa Kwebhethri Lamandla Amasha Amandla Emoto Nokusetshenziswa". Ukutholwa, ukuqaliswa kokuqapha isihloko sezihloko ezingaphansi.

Ukucutshungulwa kwebhethri, inkampani esebenzisa isitebhisi kufanele, ngokuhambisana "Nesaziso Esiku-Open Automobile Power Battery Coding Record System" (uhlamvu lwemishini olumaphakathi [2018] No. 73), isicelo sekhodi yabakhiqizi kanye nemithetho yokufaka ikhodi yokugcwalisa, ibhethri yokugcina amandla noma ukucubungula isitebhisi senkampani Ukuhlonza Ikhodi Yemikhiqizo Yebhethri. Lokhu okungenhla kufingqe inkinga nokwelashwa kwenkinga kanye nenkinga yenkinga yokubuyiswa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendilinga, izinkinga eziyinhloko zezinyathelo noma ukusetshenziswa kokuvuselela ubuchwepheshe, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nezindaba zezindleko.

Ukuze ubambe imakethe, i-foothold isekubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo, obujwayelekile, Phula ezindabeni ezibalulekile njengezinqubomgomo, zingabonwa, uhulumeni, phezulu, izinhlangano zezimboni, sebenzisana, ukwakheka okujulile kwale mboni. Ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga, kufanele siqhubeke nokufunda ucwaningo olunzulu ku-indus.