Ufezekisa njani "ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokuthe tye" kokusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma?

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Dobavljač prijenosnih elektrana

Okokuqala jonga idatha, ngedatha jonga imfuno yemarike kunye neemfuno zophuhliso lwethekhnoloji: 1) Ngokutsho kwelizwe lam I-Automotive Industry Association, i-2017 imveliso yemoto entsha yamandla kunye nokuthengisa ifikelele kwi-7.94 yezigidi, i-7.77 yezigidi, i-53.

I-8%, i-53.3%, ngokulandelanayo, izithuthi zamandla amatsha zithatha i-2.7% yazo zonke iintengiso.

I-2) Ekupheleni kwe-2017, ikhuthaze ngaphezu kwe-1.8 yezigidi zezithuthi zamandla amatsha, kwaye ibhetri yokugcina amandla imalunga ne-86.9GWH.

Ngokutsho koMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi, kulindeleke ukuba ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kufikelele kwi-2 yezigidi, kwaye izithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo zithatha i-56%. 3) Ngokutsho amandla entsha umkhweli imoto amandla lithium-ion ubomi bebhetri iminyaka 5-6, izithuthi zorhwebo iminyaka emi-2-3, kulindeleke ukuba ilizwe lam amandla lithium-ion ibhetri recycling malunga 10.7 billion yuan ngo-2020, kuquka malunga 64 100 million yuan, ukusetyenziswa ngokutsha malunga 4.

3 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan. Ezi ngongoma zintathu zingentla zibone imarike enkulu yokuphinda isetyenziswe kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezinamandla, kodwa inqanaba lobugcisa libeka phambili iimfuno, "i" Mechanical Development Action ye-Automobile Power Lithium-Ion Battery Industry "icetywa ukuba i-2020, i-lithium entsha I-ion-powered lithium-ion ibhetri i-monomer ingaphezulu kwe-3 kg yebhetri ye-30W. Inkqubo ingaphezulu kwe-260Wh / kg kunamandla.

Iindleko ziyancipha ukuya kwi-1 yuan / WH, kunye nokusingqongileyo -30 ¡ã C ukuya kwi-55 ¡ã C isetyenziselwa i-2025, i-monomer inamandla amaninzi. 500WH / kg. Ngokusebenzisa le datha ingentla, sinokubona uphuhliso lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha ukuqhuba uphuhliso lwebhetri ye-lithium-ion yonke yamandla e-lithium-ion, ekwazisa imfuno yemarike yokusetyenziswa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion.

UZhao Jindi, usihlalo welizwe lam Umbutho weBattery Industry Association, wathi kukho ngoku kwi-investment overheating, itekhnoloji engundoqo ayinayo into entsha ezimeleyo, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, uphuhliso loshishino olungahambi kakuhle, ukhuseleko lokusetyenziswa kweleli, ukungabikho kokhuseleko lokusetyenziswa kweleli, ukunyuka kwezinto ezikrwada kunyuka Uluhlu lweengxaki ezisebenzayo ezifana neenzuzo zeendleko. Izifundiswa zaseYang Yusheng zishwankathela ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi ezinye iingxaki ezifuna ukuhoywa, kwaye zicela urhulumente ukuba akhokele, iingcali kunye nezinye iingxaki zolungelelwaniso ezinocalucalulo, iingxaki ezinamandla ezijongene namandla ebhetri ye-lithium-ion: 1) Inkxaso-mali ngesizathu esiphakamileyo senkampani yemoto yombane, ukuphucula umda wenkxaso-mali, ikhonkco lesixhobo sebhetri, ikhonkco lebhatiri liyintambo yomphathi kunye nebheteri ehluphekayo. 2) Ukuveliswa okugqithisileyo, okukhokelela kwixabiso lebhetri ye-lithium-ion, inzuzo ephantsi, ixesha lokuvelisa; 3) I-Cobalt, izibonelelo ze-nickel, ixabiso lixhomekeke kubantu, kunzima ukuxhasa amawaka eemfuno zokulungiswa kwemoto yombane; I-4) Inkxaso-mali kunye neekhonkco ze-mileage, yenza kube ngcono kunamandla, kwaye ibhetri ye-ternary iqukethe i-333/523 ukuya kwi-622/811, i-nickel Umxholo womxholo uyancipha ukulahlekelwa ngubushushu, ukhuseleko luyancipha; 5) Ubunzima besithuthi, i-air conditioner yokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukunciphisa i-mileage yokuqhuba, ukubiza imali yemfumba, ubomi bebhetri bufutshane, ibhetri yesibini kufuneka ithengwe; 6) izibonelelo ziye zayeka Emva koko, kunzima ukuthengisa phezulu. Ezi ngxaki zibonisa imingeni yophuhliso lweshishini.

Njengoko uYang&39;s academician wathi ezi ngxaki ayisiyonto inamandla omnye, urhulumente, inkampani, intsebenziswano yoluntu yamaqela amaninzi. Iteknoloji yokubuyisela ibhetri yasekhaya nangaphandle ifaniswa neteknoloji yokubuyisela ibhetri, i-ToxCo yangaphandle, i-Aeatechnology, i-Inmetco, i-SNAM, i-Toshiba Terume, i-Sumitomo Metal Mining Inkampani inokubuyisela iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, apho i-Toxco inokusombulula iimodeli ezahlukeneyo, iipropati ezahlukeneyo zeKhemikhali zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion; yasekhaya iqala emva kwexesha, iGreenmei yangoku, iBangu (efunyenwe yiNingde Times) kunye nebhetri enkulu yokurisayikilisha yeenkampani ezintathu zaseZhangzhou Hao Peng, ezibalelwa kwi-90%. Kwinkqubo yokubuyisela, i-ToxCO isebenzisa inkqubo emanzi ukuqala ukucoca umhlaza kwi-198 ¡ã C i-nitrogen ye-liquid kwi -198 ¡ã C, kwiMETCO, isebenzisa inkqubo yomlilo kwisithando sombane se-arc, kwaye iJamani ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa inhlanganisela yomlilo kunye nomlilo omanzi.

Inkqubo, ngokusebenzisa "previvorize-vacuum isisombululo thermal - isisombululo mechanical - ingcibi - Wet indlela" inkqubo inkqubo ifunyanwa kwiindawo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo; yasekhaya Greenmei, Bangu ngokubanzi usebenzisa inkqubo emanzi, kunye nomlilo Recycling. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2020, ishishini liya kufezekisa ukuchithwa kwetekhnoloji ngokwenziwa kwi-automation, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokufezekisa ngaphezulu kwe-85% ye-aluminium yobhedu yokuhlela, i-nickel-wateng ireyithi yokubuyisela i-manganese engaphezulu kwe-98%, kunye nezinga lokubuyiswa kwe-lithium engaphezulu kwe-60%. , Kwaye waphule ngokusebenzisa igraphite kwakhona kunye nokusetyenziswa kweteknoloji.

Akukho nanye kwiinkampani ezine ezidweliswe kwitheyibhile, inkampani ayizange ibandakanye i-recycling enkulu ye-Li, i-Li Recycling Research ebuntwaneni, ukungabikho kokuchithwa kweendlela, iimeko zoshishino; I-Ni kunye ne-CO inkqubo yokubuyisela i-acid-base kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-arhente; Kukho uphando oluncinci malunga nokuvuselelwa kwezinto eziphathekayo. Uphando kunye nophuhliso lweekholeji kunye neeyunivesithi zixhaswa bubuchwephesha bokubonelela ngokutsha. Izifundiswa zaseYang Yusheng zabonisa ukuba ukhuseleko ngumba ophambili wokusetyenziswa kweleli: 1) Qwalasela ingxaki yokusetyenziswa kweleli kwi-design pack pack yebhetri - ukucubungula, usebenzisa idatha enkulu ukuseka ulawulo olulandelekayo Inkqubo, ebonisa ukuba izinto ze-electrode zilula ukuhlula; Ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu, kodwa akukho nzuzo xa uhlaziywa.

Kubuchwephesha bokurisayikilisha lobuchwephesha be-Positive Code Materials, uNjingalwazi Wang Dabui, iYunivesithi yaseLanzhou, uphuculo lwesinyithi olumanzi lwemveli, usebenzisa "ubushushu obuphantsi obugcadiweyo - amanzi anyibilikisiweyo - aphinde avelise kwakhona" inkqubo yobugcisa obufutshane ukwenza lula inkqubo yenkqubo emanzi, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, i-sulfuric acid Ukunciphisa idosi, ayisayi kusebenzisa i-asidi ye-50 pollution, i-asidi yokunciphisa i-50 pollution / iitoni. I-lithium element kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode zifunyanwa ngokubanzi kwinqanaba lokuqala le-alkaline, icandelo lesisombululo liyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ukutshintshwa kunzima, ngoko ukubuyisela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-lithium kuhlala kuphantsi kune-nickel-cobalt manganese, umphandi we-Sun Wei we-Chinese Academy of Sciences uyancitshiswa yi-carbon carbon. I-arhente, ngokukhetha ukutshabalalisa i-electrode inkunkuma ye-crystal structure, ukukhuthaza izinto ze-lithium ukuvula, ukufezekisa ukukhutshwa okukhethiweyo, izinga lokutsalwa kwe-lithium, izinga lokukhutshwa> 95%.

I-electrolyte incinci kwibhetri, kodwa indalo yeyona nto inkulu, kwaye uprofesa we-Dai Changsong ongu-Harbin wabonisa ukuba kukho i-PC ye-solvent ye-organic kunye ne-DEC evaporation ngexesha le-electrolyte, kunye ne-HF, i-organophosphate (OPS), iqela le-alkyl Ingxaki yeekhompawundi ezinobuthi kunye neziyingozi ezifana ne-fluoroplastics, uProfesa weDai, uthelekise inzuzo kunye ne-vacudvantage yesisombululo se-vacudvantage eyongezelelweyo. indlela, i-supercritical CO2 extraction method, usebenzisa i-supercritical CO2 extract, yongeza i-methanol, i-ethanol, njl. kwinkqubo, njl. "Inokunyusa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-polar solute.

Kwinkqubo yokubuyisela, ukusetyenziswa kwasekhaya ngokubanzi kwendlela eyomileyo nemanzi, uNjingalwazi Tamari, apho ubuNjineli basemantla, bazisa inkqubo yokubuyisela ukuchithwa kwe-semi-active, ngokusebenzisa "ukudilizwa-ukuqhaqha-ukuqhaqha-ukuqhaqha isikrini (i-positive kunye ne-negative)" ukuphumeza ukubuyiswa kwezinto, Kule nkqubo, i-acidic leaching "mixed-precipitate" indlela yafunyanwa kwi-FE, indlela ye-method kunye ne-electrodeposition. I-Ni, i-Li recovery, i-CO yokubuyisela kuqala nge-oxalic acid, kwaye ke ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo kunokufumana ukusebenza ukuze kuthelekiswe. Ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kweemveliso zeeminerali; izinga lokuphuma kwenickel-manganese njengenickel-wateng manganese eTrieager lifikelele kuma-99%, kwaye isandulela sifunyenwe ngokukhupha i-nickel-cobalt positive electrode material acid ukufumana i-precursor, kwaye emva koko i-calcined. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ezilungileyo.

Inkampani iye yaphonononga isisombululo sokuphinda isetyenziswe, kwaye indlela eya kuphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso isetyenziswa kwileli yebhetri. Ezinye iinkampani zijolise kukhokelo lophuhliso olukrelekrele, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngokusebenzisa ubukrelekrele. I-Zhongtiahong ye-lithium ye-lithium ekusetyenzisweni kweemodeli zokuthengisa eziqeshisayo kwinqanaba lebhetri ye-lithium-ion, ixabiso lokusetyenziswa komthengisi we-bettery ye-lithium ion yi-70%, kunye nexabiso le-akhawunti yokusetyenziswa okuhlaziyiweyo kwi-30%, kwaye ixabiso lokuhlaziya liqokelelwe kwiibhetri ze-ternary.

Ukuhlaziywa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion kuphantsi; iqondo lokuchithwa kwebhetri ye-lithium ion eguquguqukayo kunzima ukuhambelana namacandelo, izinto eziphathekayo, iinkqubo ze-welding, iintlobo zeeseli zombane, ubugcisa be-hydraulic, uchungechunge lweemodyuli, izakhiwo ze-chassis, njl. I-Zhongtiahong ye-lithium isebenzisa umgca wokuqhawula ozenzekelayo ukufikelela kubukrelekrele bokuqhawula, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. I-Shenzhen Thai iphinde yaseka imigca ekrelekrele yokuqhaqha, ukuphumeza i-50,000 yeenqwelo zamandla ezintsha ezilahliweyo, iitoni ezingama-30,000 zeebhetri ezidla umhlala-phantsi, kunye neetoni ezingama-40,000 zeebhetri ezidla umhlala-phantsi, ezahlula iitoni ezili-15,000 zeebhetri ezilahliweyo.

I-Shenzhen Xionghao yazisa itekhnoloji enkulu yedatha, ukusetyenziswa kwimveliso, ixabiso, ikhonkco lamashishini, imarike enokubakho. ubutyebi belizwe lam be-cobalt bunqongophele, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukungenisa eCongo nakwamanye amazwe, kwaye i-cobalt idlala ukujikeleza kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwezinto ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezithathu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto zokuzinzisa. Umzi-mveliso we-Huayou Cobalt njengomthengisi we-cobalt wezinto eziluhlaza, umgca wayo wokucubungula Uphuhliswe ukusuka kuphuhliso lobukrelekrele, uye waseka umzi-mveliso ohlakaniphile.

Inkqubo emanzi yemveli inezinga eliphantsi lokubuyisela (iiyuan ezintathu <50%, iron lithium <30%), environmental pollution (incineration or buried, acid-base dip), can not pass the first, second-line city environmental assessment, long distance transportation cost, phosphoric acid Lithium lithium, lithium manganate is not high, economic efficiency is different, etc. In order to deal with the drawback of traditional wet process, Beijing Saidmy adopts precision dismantling + material repair technology, not only recovering the ternary battery, but also solve a variety of batteries such as lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, and lithium titanate, and has good recycling Economic; Saidmy's recycling technology achieves full turn, automatic, pure physiological dismantling, no harmful gas, realizing the full component recycling of lithium electrical materials; you can use the most stringent environmental assessment, convenient construction plant, reduce solution costs and Environmental cost. In addition, some companies have considered their own actual considerations, and propose the health index assessment of retired battery screening tests, in the design and processing of dynamic lithium-ion batteries, disassemble, packaging transportation, storage, residual testing, dismantling, step utilization, and regeneration.

Ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezihambelanayo ezisemgangathweni, ukucacisa iinkampani zokulungisa iibhetri, iinkampani zokulungisa iimoto, iinkampani ezichithayo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ezimotweni, ukusetyenziswa kwabarhwebi kunye nokuhlaziya imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yenkampani. Umgaqo-nkqubo weshishini uphuculwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukurisayikilishwa, yile mibuzo ilandelayo: 1) Kukho le mibuzo ilandelayo: 1) Imithetho eyodwa kunye nemimiselo yokungabikho kwenkqubo yokugcinwa kwebhetri yombane; 2) Inkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe ibhetri yokugcina amandla enkunkuma ayisekwanga kakuhle; 3) Imigangatho yomgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka iphuculwe ngakumbi; I-4) Inkxaso encinci yokugcina amandla iteknoloji yokubuyisela ibhetri kunye nophando lwezixhobo; 5) INkampani yokuResayikilishwa kweeMoto ezilahliweyo kufuneka iphuculwe ngokukhawuleza; 6) ukunqongophala kwesikhokhelo kunye nemimiselo kumashishini okusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo.

Iindleko zokuphinda zisetyenziswe inkunkuma eguquguqukayo iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zibandakanya ukuthutha, ukupakishwa, indawo yokugcina impahla, ukukhuselwa kwendalo, ukudilizwa, ubhaqo, iindleko zokuthengisa emva kokuthengisa, ekufuneka zilandele imimiselo yothutho yendibano yebhetri yesizwe kunye neemfuno ezisemgangathweni, ukunyibilikisa ukulandela imigangatho yesizwe yokuhlaziywa kwesinyithi kunye neentsimbi ezingezizo ezoni. Kumgaqo-nkqubo wokuhlaziya ibhetri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi ibhengeze "iMibonelelo yeThutyana kuLawulo lweNtsha ye-Energy ye-Automobile Power Recycling kunye nokuSetyenziswa". Ukufunyanwa, ukuphunyezwa kokubeka iliso kwimixholo yezifundo.

Ukusetyenzwa kwebhetri, inkampani yokusebenzisa ileli iya kuthi, ngokuhambelana ne "Isaziso kwi-Open Automobile Power Power Coding Record System" (unobumba ophakathi koomatshini [2018] No. 73), isicelo sekhowudi yabavelisi kunye nemithetho yekhowudi yokufayilisha, ibhetri yokugcina amandla okanye i-ladder processing yenkampani Iimveliso zebhetri Ikhowudi yokuchongwa. Oku ngasentla kushwankathele ingxaki kunye nokunyangwa kwengxaki kunye nengxaki yengxaki yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lithium-ion kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesetyhula, imiba ephambili yamanyathelo okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokutsha kweteknoloji, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nemiba yeendleko.

Ukubamba imarike, i-foothold isekhona kwi-teknoloji engundoqo, umgangatho, Ukuqhawula imiba ephambili efana nemigaqo-nkqubo, kunokubonwa, urhulumente, ukunyusa, imibutho yoshishino, ukusebenzisana, ubunzulu obunzulu beli shishini. Ukujongana nezi ngxaki, kufuneka siqhubeke sifunda uphando olunzulu kwi-indus.