Isimo samanje namathemba emakethe yokuvuselela ibhethri lamandla

Awdur: Iflowpower - Leverantör av bärbar kraftverk

Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla sekufinyelele ingqophamlando entsha kunqubomgomo yezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi emhlabeni wonke. Ngokusho kwedatha efanelekile, ngo-2017, isiqinisekiso semoto kagesi yomhlaba wonke (okuhlanganisa izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi kanye nezimoto ezihlanganisiwe) singaphezu kuka-300 10,000, sikhuphuke ngo-57% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2016. Njengenhliziyo entsha yemoto yamandla, ibhethri lamandla e-lithium lengezwa ngokwemvelo unyaka nonyaka, futhi ikhwalithi yamanje yezimoto zamandla amasha ezisatshalaliswa emakethe isezingeni leminyaka emi-5 noma amakhilomitha angama-80,000.

Uma leli zinga libalwa, imoto yamandla entsha noma imayela lokushayela elithuthukiswe ngo-2009 kuya ku-2012 liseduze namakhilomitha angu-80,000 webhethri lamandla e-lithium elithathe indawo yezinga. Mayelana nalokhu, imboni ilinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2018, inani eliphelele le-battery eliqhutshwa udoti lizodlula amathani angu-1.70,000, futhi insimbi etholakala kuyo, i-cobalt, i-manganese izodala ngaphezulu kwe-5.

3 billion yuan emakethe yempahla yebhethri. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani lokuthatha umhlalaphansi kweseli elisekelwe emandleni lizokhuphuka ngenani lamajometri, futhi kukhona nengozi entsha efihliwe yemvelo ngemuva kwamathuba amakhulu ebhizinisi. NgoMashi kulo nyaka, izinkonzo eziyisikhombisa ngokuhlanganyela zamemezela "Izinyathelo Zesikhashana Zokuphathwa Kwemishini Entsha Yamandla Amandla Ebhethri Nokusetshenziswa Kwebhethri", eshiwo onobuhle bebhizinisi okufanele bahlolwe ukuze bakhe ibhethri ye-lithium eguquguqukayo yokugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa okusha, nokusekela izinkampani zasekhaya ukuthi zisebenze ngokubambisana nezifunda ezihlukahlukene.

Yenza iledi yebhethri ye-lithium enamandla. Njengamanje, imboni yasekhaya yokuvuselela ibhethri ye-lithium ayikavuthwa, ukutakula kwebhethri, inethiwekhi yokutakula ayiphelele, futhi ubungozi bokuvikela imvelo buphinde bube isithiyo esikhulu ekuthuthukisweni komgwaqo wemboni eguquguqukayo yokutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium. Okwamanje, ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium ashukumisayo kadoti ngokuvamile kuhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: ukusetshenziswa kwezitebhisi nokudilizwa.

Iladi lisebenzisa okubalulekile ukunciphisa umthamo webhethri ukuze ibhethri ingakwazi ukusebenza ngendlela evamile, kodwa ibhethri ngokwalo alilahliwe, lingakwazi ukuqhubeka ngezinye izindlela. Ukusetshenziswa kokudilizwa wukunikeza ibhethri isisetshenziswa, ukubuyisela inani lezinsiza zokuvuselela ezisetshenzisiwe, njenge-cobalt, i-lithium, njll. Ngokuhlakaza amandla emfucumfucu ibhethri ye-lithium, intengo ye-nickel, i-cobalt, i-lithium, njll.

ingakhishelwa ukugaywa kabusha, okungagwema ukushoda kanye nengozi yokuguquguquka kwentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezikhuphuka nomfula ngokwezinga elithile, kunciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza ibhethri. Ngokusho kwabantu embonini, ukuhlanzeka kwe-nickel, i-cobalt kanye ne-lithium emandleni e-lithium yebhethri ye-plasma kuyoba phezulu kakhulu kunokuhlanzeka kwempahla eluhlaza ekhishwe ore kanye nosawoti wamaminerali. Lokhu futhi kuyimbangela yenzuzo yokudilizwa kwebhethri ye-lithium kanye nemakethe esetshenziswayo.

Njengamanje, izimoto eziningi zasekhaya zamandla amasha zifakelwe ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ye-ternary kanye nebhethri ye-ion ye-lithium-phosphate. Mayelana namabhethri e-lithium iron ion, ngenxa yensimbi ebalulekile efana ne-cobalt, izinzuzo zezomnotho zokubuyiswa nokudilizwa aziphezulu, kodwa ukusebenza komjikelezo wayo kungcono. Ngakho-ke, ukuthambekela kwebhethri ye-iron phosphate ion kulungele ukusetshenziswa kwesitebhisi.

Mayelana nebhethri le-ternary, ngenxa yezinto zayo zensimbi eziqondene ne-cobalt, ukusebenza komjikelezo kubi, ngakho ibhethri le-ternary livame ukuhlakazeka. Idatha ehlobene ibonisa ukuthi ngokusho kwezinga lobuchwepheshe elikhona, izinga lokubuyisela i-cobalt yensimbi liyi-95%, futhi izinga lokubuyisela i-lithium carbonate lingama-85%. Ngasikhathi sinye, inkambiso yamanje ye-cobalt yensimbi ne-lithium carbonate kulindeleke ukuthi ivuselele indawo yemakethe ka-10.

7 billion yuan. Kuze kube ngu-2024 kungathuthukiswa ku-24.5 billion yuan.

Ngaphezu kwenzuzo enkulu, uchungechunge lwezinhlelo ezikhishwe yizwe luphinde luqondise kancane kancane imboni ye-lithium yokubuyisela ibhethri eguquguqukayo ukuze yenze imodeli yebhizinisi labo, izikhungo zezinkampani zangaphandle, izinkampani zezinto zokwakha kanye nezinkampani zamabhethri ziyaqhubeka nokunaka le nkomishi. Njengamanje, inkampani yesithathu yokubuyisela kabusha imele i-Greenmei, i-Hunan Bang Pu, i-Zhangzhou Haopeng nezinye izinkampani, ithembele kubuchwepheshe bayo bokuvuselela kabusha, imishini, iziqu kanye namashaneli ezinkambu eziguquguqukayo zokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium; Izinkampani zezinto zikagesi ze-lithium Abamele Iziqhwaga Zezimayini ezifana ne-Huayou Cobalt, i-Cobalt Lithium kanye ne-Cold Cobalt Industry, eminyakeni yamuva nje, basungule iphrojekthi ehambisanayo yomjikelezo webhethri ye-lithium-ion eminyakeni yamuva nje; Izinkampani zebhethri ze-lithium ezinamandla zinesibopho sokusungulwa, izinkampani zebhethri ze-lithium zamandla kancane kancane ziye zaba ummeleli wemodeli yebhizinisi lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri, njengezibalo ezinkulu ze-CATL zokudala ukukhiqizwa kwebhethri - ukuthengisa - izindandatho zemboni yokugaywa kabusha, i-BYD ne-Green Midea zisebenza ndawonye ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lokujikeleza kwebhethri olugaywe kabusha, i-Guoxuan high-tech self-built ipayipi le-lithium yebhethri, isilingo sebhethri ye-lithium njll. Kungabonakala ukuthi njengezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke, isidingo sezimboni esibheke ezansi nomfula, izintengo zempahla eluhlaza ezikhuphukayo, amandla emakethe yokuvuselela ibhethri ye-lithium inzuzo ephezulu, njll.

Zonke izinkampani ezinkulu noma zithuthukisa ngesikhathi kuphela futhi zithuthukise amamodeli azo ahlukile webhizinisi, ukuze zizwe ubumnandi bale makethe yezigidigidi. Ngo-2014, waba unyaka wokuqala webhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu yokwanda, umkhiqizo wasekhaya waminyaka yonke ukhuphuke izikhathi ezingaba ngu-10, wafinyelela ku-44.

5GWH. Umjikelezo wokuthatha umhlalaphansi webhethri le-lithium oguquguqukayo cishe iminyaka emi-5, ngakho-ke imakethe yokuvuselela kabusha yebhethri ye-lithium enamandla ngemuva kuka-2018 ingena esikhathini sokukhuphuka ngesivinini esikhulu. Sekukonke, izinga likazwelonke lethule ngenkuthalo izinqubomgomo namazinga ahlukahlukene, lihlukanisa isibopho sokugaywa kabusha, futhi likhuthaze ukusungulwa kwalo kwesistimu yokugaywa kabusha.

Eminyakeni emithathu ezayo, ibhethri eselithathe umhlalaphansi lisekelwe ebhethri ye-ion ye-lithium iron phosphate, futhi kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iladi ukuze kuhlaliswe imakethe yokugcina amandla. I-Tilillar Station iyisimo esihle sokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri asethathe umhlalaphansi. Ngesikhathi sokuncishiswa kuka-80% kuya ku-40% kagesi, ibhethri eselithathe umhlalaphansi lisengakwazi ukuzuza impilo yomjikelezo ongaphezu kuka-800 endaweni yokugcina amandla.

Izintengo ze-lithium cobalt ziyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, izinzuzo zokuvuselelwa kwensimbi zamabhethri omthengi zisekelwa ngokuvumelana nendlela yokuvuselela okumanzi yabakhiqizi abajwayelekile basekhaya, futhi izinzuzo zezomnotho zebhethri ye-lithium yamandla kanye namabhethri omthengi akaliwe. Ibhethri ye-lithium iron (LFP), amabhethri e-ternary (NCM523) kanye namaseli asekelwe ku-cobalt akhiqizwe nge-cobalt akhiqizwa i-cobalt akhiqiza i-cobalt akhiqiza i-cobalt akhiqiza i-cobalt angu-292, 17733, 38729 yuan / to. Ngakho-ke, kubonakala kusengaphambili ukuthi ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium kuncike ekuhlukaniseni umthwalo wemfanelo nasekusetshenzisweni kwezitebhisi, futhi ukusebenza kwezomnotho kokuvuselelwa kwebhethri lomthengi kungcono kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa.