Ubume bangoku kunye nethemba lokuthengisa ibhetri yamandla

著者：Iflowpower – Lieferant von tragbaren Kraftwerken

Uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha luye lwafikelela kwinqanaba elitsha kumgaqo-nkqubo wezithuthi zombane zehlabathi. Ngokutsho kwedatha efanelekileyo, ngo-2017, isiqinisekiso semoto yombane yehlabathi (kubandakanywa neenqwelo zombane ezicocekileyo kunye neenqwelo ze-plug-in hybrid) ngaphezu kwe-300 10,000, i-57% xa kuthelekiswa ne-2016. Njengentliziyo entsha yemoto yamandla, ibhetri ye-lithium yamandla yongezwa ngokwemvelo unyaka nonyaka, kwaye umgangatho wangoku wezithuthi zamandla amatsha ngoku ezisasazwa kwiimarike zisemgangathweni kwiminyaka eyi-5 okanye i-80,000 yeekhilomitha.

Ukuba lo mgangatho ubalwa, imoto entsha yamandla okanye i-mileage yokuqhuba ekhuthazwa yi-2009 ukuya kwi-2012 isondele kwiikhilomitha ze-80,000 zebhetri ye-lithium yamandla ethathe indawo yomgangatho. Kule nkalo, i-shishini liqikelelwa ukuba kwi-2018, inani elipheleleyo le-bettery eqhutywe yinkunkuma iya kudlula iitoni ze-1.70,000, kwaye isinyithi esiphuma kuyo, i-cobalt, i-manganese iya kudala ngaphezulu kwe-5.

I-3 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kwimarike yezinto zebhetri. Kwangaxeshanye, inani lomhlalaphantsi weseli esekwe ngamandla liya kunyuka kwinani lejometri, kwaye kukho nengozi entsha efihliweyo yokusingqongileyo ngasemva kwamathuba oshishino amakhulu. NgoMatshi kulo nyaka, amasebe asixhenxe ngokudibeneyo abhengeze "iMiqathango yeThutyana yoLawulo lweNew Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling and Utilization", ekhankanya iimodeli zoshishino ezifuna ukuphononongwa ukuze zenze ibhetri ye-lithium eguquguqukayo nokusetyenziswa ngokutsha, kunye nokuxhasa iinkampani zasekhaya ukuba zisebenze ngokubambisana nemimandla eyahlukeneyo.

Yenza ileli yebhetri ye-lithium eguqukayo. Okwangoku, ishishini lasekhaya le-lithium lokuphinda lisetyenziswe ibhetri alikavuthwa, ukubuyiswa kwebhetri, uthungelwano lokubuyisela alufezekanga, kwaye umngcipheko wokukhuselwa kwendalo ungowona mqobo omkhulu kwindlela yophuhliso loshishino lwe-lithium yokubuyisela ibhetri. Okwangoku, ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kwenkunkuma eguquguqukayo yeebhetri ze-lithium ngokuqhelekileyo zohlulwe zibe ziindlela ezimbini: ukusetyenziswa kweleli kunye nokusetyenziswa kokudilizwa.

Ileli isebenzisa okubalulekileyo ukunciphisa umthamo webhetri ukuze ibhetri ingasebenzi ngokuqhelekileyo, kodwa ibhetri ngokwayo ayichithwanga, ingaqhubeka ngezinye iindlela. Ukusetyenziswa kokudilizwa kukubonelela ibhetri, ukubuyisela kwakhona ixabiso elisetyenzisiweyo lokuhlaziya izixhobo, njenge-cobalt, i-lithium, njl. Ngokuqhaqha amandla enkunkuma ye-lithium ibhetri, ixabiso le-nickel, i-cobalt, i-lithium, njl.

inokutsalelwa ukurisayikilishwa, okunokuthi kuthintele ukunqongophala kunye nomngcipheko wokuguquguquka kwexabiso lemathiriyeli ekrwada ukuya kumlinganiselo othile, ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso yebhetri. Ngokutsho kwabantu abakumashishini, ukucoceka kwe-nickel, i-cobalt kunye ne-lithium kumandla e-lithium ibhetri ye-plasma iya kuba phezulu kakhulu kunobunyulu bezinto eziluhlaza ezikhutshwe kwi-ore kunye neetyuwa zamaminerali. Oku kukwangunobangela weengcambu zenzuzo yamandla okudilizwa kwebhetri ye-lithium kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemarike.

Okwangoku, uninzi lweenqwelo zamandla zasekhaya zixhotyiswe ngebhetri ye-lithium-ion kunye nebhetri ye-ion ye-lithium-phosphate. Ngokumalunga neebhetri ze-ion ze-lithium, ngenxa yesinyithi esixabisekileyo njenge-cobalt, ukubuyiswa kunye nokuchithwa kweenzuzo zezoqoqosho azikho phezulu, kodwa ukusebenza komjikelo kungcono. Ke ngoko, ukuthambekela kwebhetri ye-iron phosphate ion ikulungele ukusetyenziswa kweleli.

Malunga nebhetri ye-ternary, ngenxa yezinto zayo zetsimbi ezikhethekileyo ze-cobalt, ukusebenza komjikelo kubi, ngoko ke ibhetri ye-ternary ithande ukudiliza. Idatha ehambelanayo ibonisa ukuba ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba lobugcisa obukhoyo, izinga lokubuyisela i-cobalt yensimbi yi-95%, kunye ne-lithium carbonate recovery rate yi-85%. Ngelo xesha, i-cobalt yensimbi yangoku kunye ne-lithium carbonate ixabiso lentengo kulindeleke ukuba lihlaziye indawo yentengiso ye-10.

7 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan. Ukuya kuthi ga ku-2024 kunokuphuculwa ukuya kwi-24.5 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.

Ukongeza kwinzuzo enkulu, uthotho lweenkqubo ezikhutshwe lilizwe ngokuthe ngcembe zikhokelela kwishishini le-lithium yokubuyisela ibhetri ukwenza imodeli yabo yoshishino, amaziko eqela lesithathu, iinkampani zezixhobo kunye neenkampani zebhetri ziyaqhubeka nokujika ingqalelo kule ndebe. Okwangoku, inkampani yesithathu yokuphinda isetyenziswe imele iGreenmei, i-Hunan Bang Pu, iZhangzhou Haopeng kunye nezinye iinkampani, zixhomekeke kwiteknoloji yokubuyisela kwakhona iteknoloji, izixhobo, iziqinisekiso kunye nemijelo kwiinkalo eziguquguqukayo zebhetri ye-lithium; iinkampani ze-lithium-electric materials Abameli beMigodi yeMigodi efana ne-Huayou Cobalt, i-Cobalt Lithium kunye ne-Cold Cobalt Industry, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, baye baseka iprojekthi yomjikelezo webhetri ye-lithium-ion kwiminyaka yamuva nje; Iinkampani zebhetri ze-lithium eziguqukayo zinoxanduva lokuSekwa, iinkampani zebhetri ze-lithium zamandla ngokuthe ngcembe ziye zaba ngumlinganiswa wemodeli yeshishini lokuphinda kusetyenziswe ibhetri, njenge-CATL isamba esikhulu sokudala imveliso yebhetri - ukuthengisa - amakhonkco oshishino lokuphinda asetyenziswe, i-BYD kunye neMidea yaseGreen isebenza kunye ukwakha inkqubo yebhetri ehlaziyiweyo yokujikeleza, iGuoxuan high-tech-self-built power pipeline ibhetri ye-lithium yokulinganisa ibhetri. Ingabonwa ukuba njengemigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe, i-industry chain imfuno esezantsi, amaxabiso anyukayo ezinto eziluhlaza, amandla e-lithium ibhetri yokubuyisela imarike inzuzo ephezulu, njl.

Zonke iinkampani ezinkulu okanye ziphuhlise kwangexesha kwaye ziphuhlise imodeli yazo ekhethekileyo yeshishini, ukuze kungcamla ubumnandi bale bhiliyoni yentengiso. Kwi-2014, waba ngumnyaka wokuqala webhetri ye-lithium-ion enamandla. Emva kweminyaka emithathu yolwando, imveliso yonyaka yenyuka malunga nezihlandlo ezili-10, yaya kutsho kuma-44.

5GWH. Umjikelezo wokuthatha umhlalaphantsi we-lithium ibhetri malunga neminyaka emi-5, ngoko ke imarike yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lithium ene-powered emva kwe-2018 ingena kwixesha lokunyuka kwesantya esiphezulu. Ngalo lonke ixesha, inqanaba lesizwe liye lazisa ngenkuthalo imigaqo-nkqubo nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo, ukwahlula uxanduva lokurisayikilishwa, nokukhuthaza ukusekwa kwayo kwenkqubo yokurisayikilisha.

Kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo, ibhetri edla umhlala-phantsi isekelwe kwi-lithium iron phosphate ion ibhetri, kwaye kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-ladder ukulungiselela imarike yokugcina amandla. Isikhululo seTilillar sisicelo esihle semeko yeebhetri ezidla umhlala-phantsi. Ngethuba lokuthotywa kwe-80% ukuya kwi-40% yombane, ibhetri ehlala umhlala-phantsi isenokufikelela ngaphezu kobomi bomjikelezo we-800 kwindawo yokugcina amandla.

Amaxabiso e-Lithium cobalt aqhubeka nokunyuka, inzuzo yokuvuselela isinyithi yeebhetri zabathengi ixhaswa ngokwendlela yokuvuselela okumanzi yabakhiqizi bezindlu eziqhelekileyo, kunye neenzuzo zezoqoqosho zebhetri ye-lithium yamandla kunye neebhetri zabathengi zilinganiswe. Amandla ebhetri yentsimbi ye-lithium (LFP), iibhetri ze-ternary (NCM523) kunye nabathengi be-cobalt-eveliswe i-cobalt-eveliswe i-cobalt-evelisa i-cobalt-evelisa iiseli ezisekelwe kwi-cobalt ziyi-292, 17733, 38729 yuan / to. Ngoko ke, kubonakala ukuba ukuphinda kusetyenziswe amandla ebhetri ye-lithium kuxhomekeke kulwahlulo loxanduva kunye nokusetyenziswa kweleli, kwaye ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho kokuhlaziywa kwebhetri yabathengi kubhetele ngakumbi.