Ungabhekana kanjani nokubuyiswa kwebhethri yemoto yamandla amasha?

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Proveïdor de centrals portàtils

Izigidi eziyi-12.56, abantu abaningi embonini yezimoto abathukutheli - kungukuthengiswa kwezimoto zamandla amasha ezweni lami ngonyaka ka-2018 (okuyi-984,000, ebalelwa ku-78.3%).

Ekupheleni konyaka wezi-2018, isiqinisekiso semoto entsha yezwe lami siyizigidi ezi-2.61 kuphela (kuhlanganisa nezimoto zikagesi ezihlanzekile eziyizigidi ezingu-2.11, ezibalelwa ku-81.

06% yenani lemoto entsha yamandla). Leli zinga lokukhula ligqanyiswe ikakhulukazi esimweni sokuwohloka kukonke kwemakethe yezimoto. Abantu abaningi bathenga "izimoto zikagesi" cishe ukungabi namandla ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo yezinombolo ezilinganiselwe, kodwa akunakuphikwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimoto zamandla amasha kuye kwaletha ukukhishwa kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho kubanikazi.

Kodwa-ke, ngokunyuka kwenani lezimoto ezintsha zamandla, inkinga yokutakula kwebhethri ye-lithium yamandla izokwakha inselele entsha lapho kungekho esikhathini esizayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusesemphakathini, uma ingakwazi ukusingatha le nkinga, "amandla amasha" azokwenza nakanjani emvelweni kanye nokwakhiwa komnotho. ukukhiqizwa kwezwe lami isikali imoto entsha emhlabeni 2014, kuyilapho ukuphila amandla ibhethri lithium-ion (okwamanje ukholelwa ukuthi lapho ibhethri attenuated ngaphezu 20%, ayisasetshenziswa) ngokuvamile 5-8 iminyaka, usayizi wokuqala amandla lithium-ion ibhethri isivele iqedwe. Kulindeleke ukuthi inani lebhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla yemoto entsha yamandla ngo-2020 izofinyelela ku-24GWH, elilingana nezimoto zikagesi ezingu-800,000.

Kusukela ekukhuphukeni kwejubane lezimoto ezintsha zamandla eminyakeni yamuva, ngemva kokufeza leli phuzu elibucayi, inani lenani elithathe umhlalaphansi lizokwanda. Uzilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kwaleli gagasi lokufika kwe-hit kubaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ibhethri elisetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi ezihlanzekile zezwe lami yizinhlobo ezimbili zamabhethri e-lithium-ion anezinhlangothi ezintathu kanye ne-lithium iron phosphate, nakuba amabhethri e-lithium-ion aqukethe inani elikhulu lomthofu, i-cadmium, njll.

, equkethe inani elikhulu lomthofu, i-cadmium, njll., njengamabhethri endabuko. Izinsimbi ezisindayo, kodwa ngaphezu kwama-ion e-lithium ku-electrolyte zisaqukethe izinsimbi ezisindayo njenge-nickel, i-cobalt, i-manganese (njengebhethri ye-lithium-ion enezinhlangothi ezintathu njengezinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode), izobangela ukungcoliswa kwensimbi esindayo ngaphandle kokululama kochwepheshe.

I-electrolyte solute LiPF6 iyinto enobuthi futhi ingaphezu kwamandla, okuzodala i-fluorofluid, futhi isincibilikisi singabangela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukugqwala okunamandla komzimba womuntu kanye nezilwane nezitshalo. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion, insimbi ezohlanzwa izobuyiselwa, okungekona ukwethula inani elikhulu lamanzi e-ammonia ukuze ixazululwe, futhi lokhu kuzokhipha uketshezi oluyingozi oluqukethe i-ammonia. I-ammonia waste liquid eyeqile ikhishelwa emanzini, ingumthombo oqinile obangela i-eutrophication yomzimba wamanzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenkinga ngokulahlwa kabusha kokulahlwa kwamandla kadoti ibhethri le-lithium-ion. Ngokombono wezinsiza, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri e-lithium ion zamandla zihlukile kulawo wezinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode, ngokulandelana, zensimbi, njengensimbi, futhi lezi zinsimbi zingasetshenziswa kabusha. Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo semakethe, izinsiza ezinjalo kumabhethri alahlwayo zingabangela ukumosheka okukhulu kwezinsiza, futhi azihambisani nokunciphisa izindleko zebhethri.

Kungabonakala ukuthi ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla kuhlobene nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kuhlobene nokulondoloza izinsiza kanye nokunciphisa izindleko. Izikhombisi-ndlela ezimbili eziqinile zokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion yamanje ukusetshenziswa kwezitebhisi nokusetshenziswa komjikelezo wokuthola kabusha okubalulekile. Eyangaphambili ingahlakaza ibhethri ukuze kuqedwe imoto yamandla entsha, esigabeni sokugcina amandla esimeni esiphuthumayo, izimoto zikagesi ezinesivinini esiphansi, njll.

, lena yakamuva izohlaziya ibhethri nokugaywa kabusha kwensiza. Ngokuvamile, lapho amandla ebhethri ye-lithium ion encishisiwe abe ngu-80% noma ngaphansi, angeke ahlangabezane ngokugcwele nesidingo samandla emoto, kodwa angasetshenziswa kwezinye izigaba. Isibonelo esivamile saleli fomu uMbhoshongo wezwe lami, isiteshi sawo esikhulu esiyisisekelo, isakhiwo sokugcina amandla, esanele ukuthatha usayizi webhethri le-lithium-ion eselathatha umhlalaphansi.

Ngo-2018, i-Tower Company yezwe lami yamemezela ukumiswa kwebhethri le-lead-acid, futhi ibhethri yokuqeda imoto entsha yamandla isetshenziswa njengendawo yokugcina amandla kagesi esiteshini sayo esiyisisekelo sokuxhumana, futhi ithuthukisa ukunwetshwa kwebhizinisi endaweni yokugcina amandla kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla ngaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani ezifana ne-BYD, inkampani ye-Guoxuan High-class nayo ithuthukise iladi elifanele ukulondoloza, ukugcina amandla okonga umoya. Kodwa-ke, umthengisi uphinde abhekane nezinkinga ezithile zobuchwepheshe, njengobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa obungacacile kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlola impilo.

Ngenxa yomehluko ekucacisweni kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion yamandla kubakhiqizi abahlukene, kukhona ukuntuleka kwezindinganiso ezihlangene, kuvame ukuhlangana nezinkinga zokuhambisana lapho kudilizwa futhi kuhlanganiswa kabusha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho umthamo webhethri, i-voltage, ukumelana kwangaphakathi, njll., lapho isinyathelo sisetshenziswa, ukuwa kwewa kwakhiwa ngaphansi kwenani lemijikelezo, okubangela ubunzima obukhulu ekugcinweni kokusetshenziswa kamuva.

Sekukonke, izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali kwesitebhisi zisaphakeme kunezindleko zokuthengwa kwamabhethri amasha, nakuba izinzuzo zamabhethri asetshenziselwe ukugaya zicacile, kodwa akukho isilinganiso senani ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kokudilizwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion kuqoqwa ekubuyiselweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode, ukugeleza okujwayelekile kungukuthi: ukukhipha, ukuqaqa uhlelo lwebhethri, ukuqaqa imojula yebhethri, ukulungiswa kwephakethe lebhethri nokuhlanzwa kwempahla. Isiqondiso esibalulekile ukuthi iphakethe lebhethri lixazululiwe kanye nokukhipha izinto ezibonakalayo, futhi isici sensimbi ku-doti yebhethri ye-lithium ion iyahlanzwa futhi itholakale kulezi zixhumanisi ezimbili.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uhlelo oluvuthiwe noluphelele lokugaywa kabusha ludinga ukusungulwa enzuzweni. Uma inkampani ingenayo inzuzo yangempela, kuzoba nzima ukwenza uxhaso lwenqubomgomo kuphela. Uma sithatha ukutholwa kwebhethri le-ion ye-phosphate yamanje njengesibonelo, kunephuzu lezibalo lokuthi okokusebenza okukhishwe ithani lamabhethri alahlwayo kungu-8110 yuan, kodwa izindleko zokutakula ezihambisanayo ziphezulu njenge-8540 yuan.

Njengoba ibhethri ye-lithium ion enezinhlangothi ezintathu iqinisekisiwe ngenxa yezinsimbi ezengeziwe ezigaywa kabusha, inzuzo iqinisekisiwe, kodwa kuyadingeka futhi ukukhokha ingozi ethile ngaphambi kokuba umphumela wesayizi ungakakheki. Kodwa-ke, lapho intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, ukutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium ion ashukumisayo kuba nenzuzo, futhi akunakugwenywa ukuthi ukwenzeka kokwephulwa kwe-workshop encane kuzoxazululwa. Isibonelo, iziteshi eziningi ezincane zokugaywa kabusha kwesitayela seshabhu zisebenzisa i-Wang Water ukuncibilikisa izinsimbi eziyigugu njengemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi efana nomakhalekhukhwini, ukulahla izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nokumosha uketshezi, futhi kube yingozi enkulu endaweni ezungezile.

Ngakho-ke, ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-dissembly yebhethri ye-lithium-ion eguqukayo kuzoba uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu olubandakanya ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene, izinqubomgomo, izimali, futhi kufanele lisebenzisane eduze nezinkampani zikahulumeni ezihlangene zezimoto, izikhungo zocwaningo, amabhethri, kanye nezimboni zokugaywa kabusha zezinkampani zangaphandle. Ngaphezu kokwenza kahle indlela yakamuva, singalungiselela futhi isigaba sokuqala. Isibonelo, lapho uklama ukucutshungulwa, ukugaywa kabusha kuyacatshangelwa, ukuze ukwakheka kwebhethri kube okufushane kakhudlwana, kube lula ukunciphisa ukugaywa kabusha kokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi.

Olunye uhlelo lwamayadi amathathu aqinile (okungukuthi ukufakwa kwekhodi kwebhethri, ikhodi ye-VIN yezimoto, nokugaywa kabusha), kubhaliswa lawa mazwe, ukuze ukucubungula nokusetshenziswa kwebhethri ngalinye kulandelelwe emuva ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukugeleza kwebhethri kuzolawuleka. Ukutholwa okukhulu kwebhethri lamandla e-lithium-ion akunakho ukuzizwisa okuhambisana kakhulu okungalandelwa. Ikakhulukazi uma inombolo ikhuphuka, inani elishintshayo libangela ushintsho, futhi indlela yangaphambilini ayisasebenzi.

Kufanele sithathe lolu daba ngombono omusha kanye nombono omusha. Ubuchwepheshe, inqubomgomo, uxhaso, ukulawula, igeyimu, kanye nesistimu yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion eguqukayo kufanele iqedwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokubambisana kwamaqembu amaningi, lapho okungekho muntu ongaba umlingiswa ophelele. .