Xaalada hadda iyo rajada laga qabo suuqa dib u warshadaynta batteriga

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Onye na-ebubata ọdụ ọkụ nwere ike ibugharị

Horumarka degdega ah ee baabuurta cusub ee tamarta ayaa gaadhay heer cusub oo siyaasada baabuurta korontada ee caalamiga ah. Marka loo eego xogta laxiriirta, marka la gaaro 2017, dammaanadda gawaarida caalamiga ah (oo ay ku jiraan gawaarida korantada saafiga ah iyo gawaarida isku-dhafka ah) in ka badan 300 10,000, ilaa 57% marka loo eego 2016. Sida wadne tamareed cusub, baytariyada lithium-ka korontada si dabiici ah ayaa loogu daraa sannadba sanadka ka dambeeya, tayada hadda baabuurta tamarta cusub ee hadda suuqa ku dhex wareegaysa waa 5 sano ama 80,000 kiiloomitir.

Haddii heerkan la xisaabiyo, baabuurka tamarta cusub ama masaafada wadista ee la dalacsiiyay 2009 ilaa 2012 wuxuu ku dhow yahay 80,000 kiiloomitir ee baytariga lithium ee bedelay heerka. Marka tan la eego, warshadaha ayaa lagu qiyaasaa in 2018, wadarta xadiga qashinka batari ee qashinka ah ay dhaafi doonto 1.70,000 tan, iyo birta laga soo saaro, kobalt, manganese waxay abuuri doontaa wax ka badan 5.

3 bilyan yuan suuqa alaabta ceeriin ee baytariyada. Isla mar ahaantaana, tirada hawlgabka unugyada awoodda ku salaysan waxay kor u kici doontaa tirada joomatari, sidoo kale waxaa jira khatar cusub oo deegaanka ah oo qarsoon oo ka dambeysa fursadaha ganacsi ee waaweyn. Bishii Maarso ee sanadkan, todobada wasaaradood waxay si wadajir ah ugu dhawaaqeen "Tallaabooyin Ku-meel-gaar ah oo loogu talagalay Maamulka Dib-u-warshadaynta iyo Ka Faa&39;iidaysiga Bateriga Cusub ee Tamarta Cusub", kuwaas oo xusay qaababka ganacsiga ee u baahan in la baadho si loo sameeyo dib-u-warshadeynta baytariyada lithium firfircoon iyo isticmaalka hal-abuurka, iyo taageeridda shirkadaha gudaha si ay ula shaqeeyaan gobollada kala duwan.

Samee jaranjarada baytariyada lithium ee firfircoon. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, warshadaha dib-u-warshadaynta lithium firfircoon ee gudaha wali ma qaan gaarin, soo kabashada batteriga, shabakadda soo kabashada ma ahan mid qumman, khatarta ilaalinta deegaanka sidoo kale waa caqabadda ugu weyn ee waddada horumarinta warshadaha soo kabashada batteriga lithium firfircoon. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, dib u warshadaynta qashinka firfircoon baytariyada lithium guud ahaan waxay u qaybsan tahay laba nooc: ka faa&39;iidaysiga jaranjarada iyo ka faa&39;iidaysiga baabi&39;inta.

Salaanku waxa uu isticmaalaa muhiim si uu u dhimo awoodda batteriga si aanu batarigu u shaqayn si caadi ah, laakiin batteriga laftiisa lama xoqin, wali wuu ku sii socon karaa siyaabo kale. Ka faa&39;iidaysiga baabi&39;inta waa in la soo saaro batteriga, dib u soo kabashada kheyraadka dib u soo kicinta ee la isticmaalay, sida cobalt, lithium, iwm. Iyada oo la kala dirayo baytariyada lithium ee tamarta wasakhda ah, qiimaha nikkel, kobalt, lithium, iwm.

waxaa loo soo saari karaa dib u warshadaynta, taas oo ka fogaan karta yaraanta iyo khatarta isbeddelka qiimaha alaabta ceeriin ee kor ilaa xad, hoos u dhigta kharashka wax soo saarka batteriga. Marka loo eego dadka warshadaha ku jira, nadiifinta nikkel, kobalt iyo lithium ee batteriga lithium plasma waxay aad uga sarreeyaan nadiifinta alaabta ceeriin ee laga soo saaro macdanta iyo cusbada macdanta. Tani sidoo kale waa sababta asaasiga ah ee faa&39;iidada batteriga lithium ee baabi&39;inta iyo isticmaalka suuqa.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, badi baabuurta tamarta cusub ee gudaha waxay ku qalabaysan yihiin baytari ternary lithium-ion iyo baytari lithium-phosphate ion. Ku saabsan baytariyada birta lithium, sababtoo ah birta qiimaha leh sida cobalt, soo kabashada iyo burburinta faa&39;iidooyinka dhaqaale maaha mid sarreeya, laakiin waxqabadkeeda wareegga ayaa ka fiican. Sidaa darteed, u janjeersiga baytariga fosfat ion ee birta ayaa ku habboon ka faa&39;iidaysiga jaranjarada.

Ku saabsan batteriga ternary, oo ay ugu wacan tahay curiyeyaasha birta u gaarka ah ee cobalt, waxqabadka meertadu waa liitaa, markaa batteriga ternary wuxuu u muuqdaa inuu burburo. Xogta la xidhiidha waxay muujinaysaa in marka loo eego heerka farsamada ee jira, heerka soo kabashada birta ee cobalt waa 95%, iyo heerka soo kabashada lithium carbonate waa 85%. Isla mar ahaantaana, kobadhka birta ah ee hadda jira iyo isbeddelka qiimaha karbonatka lithium ayaa la filayaa inay dib u cusboonaysiiyaan booska suuqa ee 10.

7 bilyan yuan. Ilaa 2024 waxaa loo cusboonaysiin karaa 24.5 bilyan yuan.

Marka laga soo tago faa&39;iidada weyn, nidaamyo taxane ah oo uu soo saaray waddanku ayaa sidoo kale si tartiib tartiib ah u hagaya warshadaha soo kabashada batteriga lithium ee firfircoon si ay u sameeyaan qaab ganacsigooda, hay&39;adaha saddexaad, shirkadaha agabka iyo shirkadaha baytariyadu waxay sii wadaan inay dareenkooda u jeediyaan koobkan. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, shirkadda saddexaad ee dib-u-warshadaynta ayaa wakiil ka ah Greenmei, Hunan Bang Pu, Zhangzhou Haopeng iyo shirkado kale, iyada oo ku tiirsan tignoolajiyadeeda dib-u-warshadaynta xirfadeed, qalabka, shahaadooyinka iyo channels-ka goobaha dib-u-warshadaynta batteriga lithium firfircoon; Shirkadaha agabka lithium-korontada Wakiilada Macdanta Rafaa sida Huayou Cobalt, Cobalt Lithium iyo Cold Cobalt Industry, sannadihii la soo dhaafay, waxay aasaaseen mashruuc dib u warshadaynta batteriga lithium-ion oo kala duwan sannadihii u dambeeyay; Shirkadaha baytariyada lithium ee firfircoon ayaa mas&39;uul ka ah Dhisidda, Shirkadaha baytariyada lithium-ka waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u noqdeen hal-doorka ganacsiga dib-u-warshadaynta batteriga, sida CATL lacag aad u badan si ay u abuuraan wax soo saarka batteriga - iibka - wareegyada warshadaha dib-u-warshadaynta, BYD iyo Green Midea waxay si wadajir ah u shaqeeyaan si loo dhiso nidaamka wareegga wareegga dhiigga, Guoxuan tiknoolajiyada sare ee is-dhissan ee tamarta lithium, ka faa&39;iidaysiga batteriga dib-u-cusboonaysiinta iwm. Waxaa la arki karaa in sida siyaasadaha qaranka, silsiladda warshadaha baahida hoose, kor u kaca qiimaha alaabta ceeriin, korontada lithium batari dib u warshadaynta suuqa faa&39;iido sare leh, iwm.

Dhammaan shirkadaha waaweyn ama wakhti ku habboon ayaa horumariya oo horumariya qaabab ganacsi oo gaar ah, si ay u dhadhamiyaan macaanka suuqa bilyan een. Sannadkii 2014, wuxuu noqday sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee baytariyada lithium-ion ee firfircoon. Saddex sano oo balaadhin ah ka dib, wax-soo-saarka sannadlaha ah ee waddanku wuxuu kordhay qiyaastii 10 jeer, isagoo gaadhay 44.

5GWH. Wareegga hawlgabka baytariga firfircoon ee lithium wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 5 sano, sidaa darteed suuqa dib u warshadaynta ee baytariyada lithium ee ku shaqeeya ka dib 2018 waxay gashaa muddada sare u kaca. Had iyo jeer, heerka qaranku wuxuu si firfircoon u soo bandhigay siyaasado iyo halbeegyo kala duwan, qaybinta mas&39;uuliyadda dib u warshadaynta, iyo kor u qaadida aasaaska nidaamka dib u warshadaynta.

Saddexda sano ee soo socota, baytariga shaqada ka fadhiistay waxa uu ku salaysan yahay baytariga birta fosfateed ee lithium, waxaana muhiim ah in la isticmaalo jaranjarada si loogu habeeyo suuqa kaydinta tamarta. Saldhigga Tilillar waa codsi fiican oo ku saabsan baytariyada hawlgabka ah. Inta lagu jiro hoos u dhaca 80% ilaa 40% ee korantada, batteriga hawlgabka ah ayaa wali ku guuleysan kara in ka badan 800 oo nolol wareeg ah kaydinta tamarta.

Qiimaha Lithium Cobalt ayaa sii kordhaya, faa&39;iidooyinka dib-u-soo-nooleynta birta ee baytariyada macaamiisha waxaa lagu taageeraa iyadoo loo eegayo dariiqa dib-u-soo-kabashada qoyan ee wax-soo-saarka guud ee gudaha, iyo faa&39;iidooyinka dhaqaale ee baytariyada lithium-ka iyo baytariyada macaamiisha ayaa la cabbiray. Batari lithium iron ah oo awood leh (LFP), baytariyada ternary (NCM523) iyo macaamiisha cobalt-soo saara Sidaa darteed, waa la saadaalin karaa in dib-u-warshadaynta baytariyada lithium-ka korantada ay ku tiirsan tahay qaybinta mas&39;uuliyadda iyo ka faa&39;iidaysiga jaranjarada, iyo waxqabadka dhaqaale ee dib-u-soo-nooleynta baytariyada macaamilka ayaa aad uga wanaagsan.