Indlela yophuhliso yoshishino lokubuyisela ibhetri yamandla

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Портативті электр станциясының жеткізушісі

Ibhetri entsha yamandla ekhoyo ngoku yibhetri ye-lithium. Umjikelo wobomi beebhetri zamandla uquka ukuveliswa, ukusetyenziswa, ukulahlwa, ukubola, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona. Ibhetri yamandla ayinalo utshintsho kwimichiza yebhetri ngaphezu kokunciphisa umsebenzi weekhemikhali emva kokubika kwayo, kodwa ukuhlawulwa kwayo kunye nokusebenza kokukhutshwa akukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla esithuthi.

Iimpawu zemichiza yenyama yebhetri yamandla ngokwayo ayinalo utshintsho oluyimfuneko. Ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kwebhetri yamandla angoku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-cascade kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokutsha komthombo. Ngokomlinganiselo, amandla ebhetri ye-lithium eguqukayo anyuswe ukusuka kwi-5.

I-6GWH ngo-2018 ukuya kwi-47.3GWH kwi-2022, kunye nezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo lonyaka elingaphezulu kwe-70%, kwaye ixabiso elihambelanayo lokubuyisela lisuka kwi-580 yezigidi ze-yuan kwi-2018 ukuya kwi-7.86 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan ngo-2022.

Izinga lokukhula kwentlanganisela yonyaka lingaphezulu kwama-90%. Okwangoku, iimfuno ezingxamisekileyo zelizwe lam ukwakha ibhetri ye-lithium eguqukayo "imveliso-intengiso-ukusetyenziswa kwakhona-ukusetyenziswa" ikhonkco loshishino oluvaliweyo, ngokwenene ukuqonda ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kwamandla ombane we-lithium. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lweshishini elitsha leemoto zamandla, ibhetri entsha yonyaka efakiweyo inyuke ukusuka ku-0.

I-66GWH ngo-2012 ukuya malunga ne-57GWH ngo-2018, umthamo webhetri ofakiweyo ungaphezulu kwe-100GWH. Imfuno yezinto ezintle zebhetri yamandla iyaqhubeka nokunyuka, i-nickel yayo engundoqo ekrwada, i-cobalt, ixabiso le-lithium liyaqhubeka nokunyuka; ngelo xesha, inani eliphambili lebhetri lamandla liya kuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwi-2018, ukuba ayilunganga, ukuba ayilunganga, amacandelo ahlukeneyo ebhetri iya Ungcoliseko olukhulu lubangelwa kwindalo ;. Ngaphantsi kwe-multi-driver ye-industry engentla, uxinzelelo lwendalo kunye nokukhuthazwa komgaqo-nkqubo, ukubaluleka kunye nokuphuthuma kwe-lithium ye-recycling ibhetri iya kubonakala ngakumbi.

Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, eli shishini liya kuzisa uphuhliso olukhawulezayo. Ithuba lokutyalo-mali i-lithium-electric recycling industry isekumanqanaba okuqala ophuhliso, nangona i-batch yokuqala ngaphambili, ubukhulu obunye abukho bukhulu, i-concentration ye-industry iphantsi, inkqubo yokuhlaziya ezinzileyo ayikabikho. Ukujonga phambili kwikamva, utyalo-mali lwe-Jiuding lukholelwa ukuba kuphela inkqubo yokurisayikilisha igqibelele, umgangatho womthengi, amandla emali owomeleleyo, imigangatho ehambelana nokusingqongileyo, kunye noyilo lwangaphambili, iziqinisekiso zengxaki kwangaphambili zinokugqama kubume bemarike yemfuno yoshishino kunye nokukhula kokusingqongileyo kwemarike, kwaye ekugqibeleni kukhule njenge China.

Ishishini eliphambili kwintsimi ye-lithium yombane wokuphinda usetyenziswe. Ubungakanani beli phepha busebenzisa i-caliber kunye ne-caliber ye-lithium ibhetri yamandla, kunye nesivuno kunye nokuthunyelwa kwebhetri ye-lithium yamandla. Ngokubanzi, imveliso yebhetri ye-lithium yamandla inkulu kunomthamo wokuthunyelwa.

1. Ujoliso kuShishino (1) Uluvo oluSiseko lwangoku lwebhetri yaMandla eSithuthi saMandla eNtsha yeLithium. Ibhetri ye-lithium inokwahlulwa ibe: i-lithium cobalt acid lithium cell, ibhetri ye-lithium manganate, ibhetri ye-lithium ye-phosphate, ibhetri ye-lithium ye-lithium (lithium nickel-cobalt-oxanate), njl.

I-ternary imathiriyeli ngokubanzi ibhekisa kwizinto zeqela lemichiza ukuze zibe yi-LiniaXBcoCOCO2, apho i-x i-Mn (manganese) ibhekisela kwi-NCM (i-lithium nickel-cobalt-nickellate), kwaye i-X yi-Al (i-aluminiyam) ibhekisela kwi-NCA (i-lithium nickellate acid). Iimodeli ezifana ne-532, i-622 kunye ne-811 zibhekisela kumlinganiselo wamanani amathathu A, B, C kwizinto ze-NCM, ezifana ne-622 zibhekisela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Li0.6Mn0.

2CO0.2O2. Umjikelo wobomi beebhetri zamandla uquka ukuveliswa, ukusetyenziswa, ukulahlwa, ukubola, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona.

Ibhetri yamandla ayinalo utshintsho kwimichiza yebhetri ngaphezu kokunciphisa umsebenzi weekhemikhali emva kokubika kwayo, kodwa ukuhlawulwa kwayo kunye nokusebenza kokukhutshwa akukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla esithuthi. Iimpawu zemichiza yenyama yebhetri yamandla ngokwayo ayinalo utshintsho oluyimfuneko. Ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kwebhetri yamandla angoku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-cascade kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokutsha komthombo.

(2) Ikhonkco leShishini libonisa ukunyuka kweshishini le-lithium-electric recovery industry ukuvelisa iibhetri zenkunkuma kunye nezinto zazo, kubandakanywa amashishini okuvelisa kunye nabasebenzisi bezinto zabo, izinto zebhetri, iipakethi zebhetri, abaqhubi bezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela; i-middle-reches yinethiwekhi yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lithium, i-recycling kunye nokuhlaziywa Sebenzisa amashishini, amashishini asebenzisa i-ladder; ezantsi ngumvelisi webhetri ye-lithium kunye nabasebenzisi bebhetri yekhasethi. Iibhetri ezintsha ziye zangena kubasebenzisi beemoto, abasebenzisi beemoto, kunye nabasebenzisi beemoto bathatha indawo yeebhetri ezintsha ngeenkonzo emva kokuthengisa kunye neenkampani ezirentisa ngeebhetri, ngelixa beqokelela iibhetri zenkunkuma emva kokuthengisa, amashishini arentisayo iibhetri, ukutshintshela kwinkunkuma yokuhlaziya ibhetri kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamashishini okanye ileli, ibhetri equkuqela ukuya kwileli shishini libuyiselwe kwileli kwakhona. Ngokuhlaziywa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamashishini ukuvelisa izinto zokuvuselela, ukuqhubeka nokuhamba kumenzi webhetri kunye nokwenza iibhetri ezintsha, ukuhamba kuyo yonke isithuthi, ukwenza "imveliso-ukuthengisa-ukusebenzisa-ukusetyenziswa kwakhona" i-loop epheleleyo evaliweyo.

1) Ukusetyenziswa kweleli yindlela yokuphinda kusetyenziswe ubomi bebhetri ye-lithium. Ngokubanzi, xa amandla ebhetri ye-lithium yesithuthi esitsha samandla sincitshiswe malunga ne-80%, ibhetri ayihlangabezani nemfuno yamandla iyapheliswa, kodwa ibhetri isekho kumashishini afana nokugcinwa kwamandla, anokufakwa kwi-telecom iron tower base station kunye nezinye iindawo. , Isikhululo sokugcina amandla okurhweba kunye nesikhululo sokutshaja isithuthi sombane, njl.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-lithium iron phosphate, ubomi bebhetri ye-lithium ye-ternary bufutshane, kwaye umngcipheko wokhuseleko uphezulu, kwaye indawo yokusetyenziswa kwe-ladder ayifanelekanga kwiindawo ezinzima. Okwangoku, i-bottleneck ethintela uphuhliso lwemarike ikakhulu ibandakanya iibhetri ezidla umhlala-phantsi kwaye ineendleko eziphezulu, kwaye ukuhambelana nokusebenza kunzima ukuqinisekisa. Umqobo wobugcisa weleli uphezulu, kwaye itekhnoloji ephambili ibandakanya itekhnoloji yokudibanisa edityanisiweyo kunye neendlela eziseleyo zokuqikelela ubomi.

Inqaku eliphambili lokubikezelwa kobomi obuseleyo kukuba iliso elipheleleyo lomjikelo wobomi, oko kukuthi, ukusekwa kweqonga lenkqubo yokulandelelwa kwedatha enkulu yohlalutyo lwenkqubo yebhetri esele isidla umhlala-phantsi, Ngaba unokungena kwimarike yokusetyenziswa kweleli data enkulu. Ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezifana nethekhnoloji, iindleko, i-ladder yexesha elifutshane isetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa ukuthengisa okukhulu, kwaye i-ladder ayisetyenziswanga njengengxoxo ephambili yeli nqaku. I-2) Ukubuyiselwa kwezibonelelo kukuphula, ukuqhaqha kunye nokunyibilikisa ibhetri yamandla echithiweyo, ukuqonda ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-nickel, i-cobalt, i-manganese, i-lithium kunye nezinye izixhobo.

Ngokusebenzisa i-resource recovery, i-nickel, i-cobalt, i-manganese inokufezekisa ngaphezu kwe-95%, kwaye izinto ze-lithium zinokufikelela ukusetyenziswa kwakhona ngaphezu kwe-70% (abathengisi ngabanye banokufikelela kwi-90%), inzuzo yezoqoqosho ibalulekile. Imveliso ye-nickel, i-cobalt, i-manganese kunye netyuwa ye-lithium ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-precursors yamalungu amathathu kunye nezinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweeseli zebhetri ze-lithium. (3) Isimo soShishino 1) Ubume beshishini le-lithium ibhetri yokuphinda kusetyenziswe ibhetri ingaphambi kwe2014.

Ibhetri ye-lithium isetyenziswa ikakhulu kubathengi be-elektroniki njengeefowuni eziphathwayo, iilaptops. Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncinci, ulwakhiwo kunye namacandelo alula, ukuhanjiswa kunzima, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwayo Ngaphezulu kwe-nickel yendabuko ye-hydrogen, i-nickel-cadmium ibhetri yokubuyisela amashishini. Emva kwe-2014, umthamo wemveliso kunye nokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha ziye zanda kakhulu, kwaye ibhetri yamandla ibe yimveliso ephezulu ngokulinganayo nokusetyenziswa kwiibhetri ze-lithium kwi-2016.

Kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokugcina iindlela zokuphucula isantya esiphezulu. Umzimba oyintloko wemarike yebhetri ye-lithium, isixa sebhetri ye-lithium ehambelana ne-electron yabathengi iya kuncipha ukuya kumlinganiselo ophantsi. Ngenxa yomahluko kwindlela yobuchwepheshe kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa, ubomi obuqhelekileyo bebhetri yamandla yiminyaka emi-3-5.

Okwangoku, isandula kungena kwinqanaba elikhulu le-scrap esele isidla umhlala-phantsi, ke imakethi yelizwe lam yokuphinda isetyenziswe ibhetri ye-lithium isandula ukuqalisa. Ukuphuhliswa kwemakethe ye-lithium-e-electric recycling e-China isekwimihla yokuqala, ikhulile, ayifani. Ibhetri yemveli ye-nickel-hydrogen amashishini okubuyisela kunye namashishini esinyithi amanzi aphinda asetyenziswe ahamba phambili kuyilo, esebenzisa inethiwekhi esele yenziwe ngokutsha kunye neminyaka emininzi yokuqokelela iteknoloji, ukubamba iindawo zentengiso, ngokukhawuleza ukusika kwi-lithium yombane wokurisayikilisha.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yesixa esilinganiselweyo samandla, inkqubo yokurisayikilisha ayikafezeki, la mashishini angasentla enze ikakhulu ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano kunye nabavelisi bezinto ezintle ezinamacala amathathu, amandla abavelisi bebhetri ye-lithium, kunye neyona mveliso ingundoqo kunye nenkunkuma yebhetri. Umthombo, isiqinisekiso sokurisayikilisha unikezelo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada. Ukongeza, ayikukhathaleli.

Kukho inani elikhulu lokurisayikilishwa kweendibano zocweyo ezincinci. Izixhobo zenkqubo zisemva, akukho ziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo, iingozi zokhuseleko kunye nemiba yokusingqongileyo iyingozi, kwaye amajelo okuhlaziya axhunyiwe. Olu hlobo locweyo oluncinci luhlala lubetha ibhena yokurisayikilishwa, kwaye lishishini elithi "ibhetri kulula ukuyihlaziya, ukuyithengisa", ngokuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma esetyenzisiweyo esetyenzisiweyo, iphazamisa kakhulu ulungelelwaniso oluqhelekileyo lwemarike yebhetri yamandla, icinezela indawo enengeniso yamaqela amaThathu.

Okwangoku, uhlaziyo lweqela lesithathu kunye nabavelisi bamandla ebhetri basekhaya baye baqaphela indawo enkulu yentengiso yamashishini exesha elizayo e-lithium-electric recovery. Izibalo zangaphambili zabasebenzi abaphezulu be-lithium umbane, okwangoku kwintsimi yamandla ombane wokuphinda usebenzise ibhetri, iinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-30, ngokukodwa kuquka iGreenmei, i-Huayou Cobalt, i-Bangu Group, i-Zhangzhou Haopeng, i-Jinyuan New Materials, i-Xien Technology, i-Fangyuan Environmental Protection, i-Technology Dry Thai , i-Sand Group, i-China Tour Aviation, i-Lithium yoMbane ye-China, i-Lithium Entsha ye-Lithium Izabelo, iTaili, iDongpeng Izinto eziNtsha, iTekhnoloji yaseGuanghua, iZhongtiahong Lithium, iSiflower Circulation, iYancheng Star Chuang, amandla eJia Neglon kunye namanye amashishini. Izibalo ezirhabaxa, nganye ibonelele ngokwakhiwa kwebhetri ye-lithium yokuphinda isetyenziswe iphezulu kakhulu kunenkunkuma elindelekileyo yonyaka; abangaphakathi kwishishini bavakalise okutsha okanye ukwandiswa kweeprojekthi ezingaphezu kwama-60 ngo-2019.

Ingabonwa ukuba imarike yokubuyisela i-lithium-yombane ifudumala ngokukhawuleza, kodwa i-madness of the layout blind, kwaye iya kuchaza kwakhona iintsuku zokuqala zeshishini kule ntsimi. Kwixesha elizayo, imigangatho yoshishino, ukhuphiswano luyapheliswa, kwaye imarike iya kuhamba ngokuthe ngcembe ekuvuthweni. Ukongeza, umenzi webhetri yamandla njengenkqubo yoxanduva lomgaqo-nkqubo-ecacileyo iimfuno, kunye nefektri yesithuthi samandla esitsha njengequmrhu loshishino elidibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kwimarike ye-terminal, ukwenzela ukuba kukhawuleziswe i-layout, okanye ukufumana ngokuthe ngqo ukuphinda kusetyenziswe umntu wesithathu, ukufezekisa i-industry Chain yabo; okanye usayine isivumelwano sentsebenziswano esicwangcisiweyo sokwakha uthungelwano lokurisayikilisha.

2) Indlela yetekhnoloji yokuphinda isetyenziswe ngenxa yemfuno yentengiso yebhetri yamandla, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izixhobo kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri zenkunkuma kunokuphelisa ngokufanelekileyo ukunqongophala kwesinyithi njenge-cobalt, i-lithium, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa ibhetri yamandla. Ukubuyiswa kwemithombo yenkunkuma eguquguqukayo yeebhetri ze-lithium zigxininiswe ngokukodwa kwi-electrode material extraction, eyona nkqubo iphambili kukuba: (1) ukukhutshwa ngokucokisekileyo; (2) ukuqhaqha, ukwahlula i-electrode efanelekileyo, i-electrode engalungile, i-electrolyte kunye ne-diaphragm, njl. Inxalenye; (3) ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezilungileyo ze-electrode, ukucwiliswa kwe-asidi, i-inductance; (4) ukukhupha ixabiso elityetyisiweyo.

Ukubuyiswa kwebhetri yeLithium kunokohlulwa ngokweendidi ezintathu ngokwenkqubo yokutsalwa: ukurisayikilishwa okumanzi, ukurisayikilishwa okomileyo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwebhayoloji. Inkqubo emanzi inzima kakhulu, kodwa yinkqubo yokubuyisela ekhoyo ngoku yexabiso lokubuyisela isinyithi, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa kwinkqubo yokubuyisela eqhelekileyo; indlela eyomileyo kulula ukubangela ukungcoliseka kwesibini kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe njengentsimbi yokuphinda isetyenziswe Inqanaba lokuqala, kunye nenkqubo emanzi ixhaswa; umthetho webhayoloji uneendleko eziphantsi, ungcoliseko oluncinci, lunokusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kwaye ixesha elide, liyisikhokelo esifanelekileyo sokubuyiswa kwebhetri, kodwa kusekwizigaba ze-R <000000> D, akukho tyala lesicelo sorhwebo. (4) Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-ofisi yelizwe kunye neekhomishini ziye kwinqanaba lomgaqo-nkqubo, ukusuka kumandla abuthathaka, ngokuthe ngcembe zilungelelanisa kwaye ziphucule imarike yokuhlaziya inkunkuma ye-lithium iibhetri, kwaye ziye zaqokelelwa kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezinxulumene ne-lithium yebhetri ehambelana nemigaqo kunye nemimiselo.

Ngokuhlenga-hlengisa, sifumanise ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo okhoyo ugxile koku kulandelayo: (1) Ukuphumeza imveliso yenkqubo yolwandiso enoxanduva. UMphathiswa weSizwe wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi kunye neKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo, i-"Electric Vehicle Power Battery Recycling Technology Policy" (2016), i-"Producer Responsibility Extension System" ekhutshwe yi-Ofisi ye-State Council (2017), isalatha ngokucacileyo ekuphuculweni kweenkampani zemoto Kuxanduva lomzimba oyintloko wemveliso, ukusetyenziswa, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe imveliso yamandla e-lithium, ukusekwa kweemveliso zeemoto ze-lithium ngokutsha. inkqubo yokuzibophelela emva kokuthengisa (kuquka ibhetri recycling), ukuphumeza entsha amandla isithuthi amandla lithium ibhetri traceability ulwazi lolawulo, irekhodi yokulandelela Dynamic lithium ibhetri recycling. (2) Ukuseka inkqubo yokubuyisela ibhetri yamandla esandi ukukhuthaza iiprojekthi zokubonisa.

Ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari 2017, iSebe lezoShishino kunye neTeknoloji yoLwazi, iSebe lezoRhwebo, kunye neSebe lezoRhwebo ngokudibeneyo likhuphe "Iimbono eziKhokelelwayo zokuKhawulezisa uPhuhliso lweZibonelelo eziVuselelwa". Kucetywayo ngokucacileyo: I-1 igxininise ekuphuhliseni izithuthi zamandla amatsha ezifana neBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei, i-Yangtze River Delta, i-Pearl River Delta, ixhasa ukusekwa kweyunifomu eqinile, indlela yokubuyisela uqoqosho, kunye nokwenza izicelo zokubonisa; Izithuthi ezi-2 zombane kunye nabavelisi beebhetri zamandla kufuneka babe noxanduva lokuseka uthungelwano lokurisayikilishwa kwebhetri, besebenzisa inethiwekhi yenkonzo yasemva kokuthengiswa ukuseyisa iibhetri ezilahliweyo, iinkcukacha-manani kunye nokukhupha ulwazi lokurisayikilishwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkcukacha zebhetri ezilahliweyo zokurisayikilisha kunye nokulahlwa kokhuseleko; Iinkampani zemoto ezi-3 kufuneka ziphumeze ulawulo lolwazi lokulandelelwa kwebhetri, ukulandelela irekhodi yamandla ebhetri. (3) Ukomeleza ukongamela ishishini kumashishini oshishino.

NgoSeptemba ka-2018, uMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi ukhuphe "uMgangatho woMgangatho wokuSetyenziswa kweBattery yeMoto yaMandla oMtsha" ULuhlu lweShishini (iBatch yokuqala), ishishini lokuhlaziya ibhetri lamandla kufuneka libe neemfuno ezicacileyo. 2. Uhlahlelo lweMarike (1) Imiba yokuqhuba 1) Ukubaluleka kokusiNgqongileyo Inkunkuma enkulu yeLithiyamu yebhetri Ukurisayikilisha kunokubaluleka okukhulu kokusingqongileyo.

Nje ukuba inkunkuma yebhetri ye-lithium ingene kokusingqongileyo, i-ion zetsimbi ezifana ne-nickel / cobalt / manganese kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode, isiseko esomeleleyo kunye ne-ion yentsimbi enzima kwi-electrolyte inokubangela ukungcoliseka kwesinyithi esinzima okanye ukungcoliswa kwezinto eziphilayo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ngekhonkco lokutya Faka abantu kunye nezilwanyana, zichaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yabantu. I-2) Imfuno yebhetri yamandla ikumgaqo-nkqubo onxulumene nesithuthi samandla, kwaye yonke i-industrial chain chain ingena kwixesha lophuhliso lwesantya esiphezulu. iinjongo zokucwangcisa ilizwe lam ziye zacetywa ukuba ngo-2020, ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kufikelele kwi-2 yezigidi, kwaye ngaphezu kwe-5 yezigidi zezithuthi ziqinisekisiwe.

Kwi-2018, imoto entsha yamandla ineeyunithi ze-12.7 yezigidi kunyaka wonke, kunye nentengiso ye-12.56 yezigidi, xa kuthelekiswa ne-2017 ephakathi kwe-60%.

Ngokuveliswa kwemoto yamandla amatsha, imveliso kunye nomthamo wokuthengisa uphezulu, kwaye imboni yebhethri ye-lithium yamandla inokukhula okuqhumayo. Ngelo xesha, inzuzo yebhetri ye-lithium ene-dimensional-dimensional xa kuthelekiswa nebhetri ye-lithium yentsimbi ye-phosphate, eyanelisa iimfuno ezingqongqo zenkxaso yebhetri entsha yelizwe. Ngoko ke, ibhetri ye-lithium ye-yuan-yuan iya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yebhetri yamandla, i-2018 Inani le-lithium ye-lithium ye-three-dimensional malunga ne-78% yawo wonke umthamo ofakiweyo, kunye ne-akhawunti ye-lithium iron phosphate kwi-19%.

3) Ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuxinezeleka kwempahla ekrwada kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, imfuno yeeyuan ezintathu ze-lithium ibhetri iyaqhubeka nokukhula, imfuno yezinto ezifuywayo ezifana ne-nickel, i-cobalt, i-manganese, kunye ne-lithium ingxamiseke kakhulu, ikhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekunyukeni ngokukhawuleza kwexabiso lezinto ezihambelanayo, i-2014 Ixabiso leyunithi ye-2014 kunye ne-2014 iyunithi yexabiso le-carbonate kunye ne-2014 iyunithi ye-carbon battery kunye ne-2014 iyunithi yexabiso le-carbon battery kunye ne-2014 yexabiso le-carbon battery kunye ne-2014 ye-carbon battery kunye ne-electro-grade imanganese inyuke kakhulu kwixesha elifutshane. Imithombo ye-nickel yehlabathi jikelele kunye ne-manganese ityebile, indawo yokugcina i-nickel mine yelizwe lam imalunga ne-2.9 yezigidi, ibeka kwindawo yesibhozo; Isiseko semanganese ore yelizwe lam sigcine iitoni ezizigidi ezingama-40, sikwindawo yesithandathu kwihlabathi.

Ngokubanzi, ilizwe lam linokuqonda ibhalansi yokubonelela kunye nemfuno yenickel kunye nemanganese. Oovimba bemithombo ye-cobalt yehlabathi bamalunga ne-7 yezigidi zeetoni, ukuhanjiswa kwejografi kukungalingani kakhulu, ikakhulu eCongo (Jin), eOstreliya, eCuba, ePhilippines, eCanada, eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe, isixa sovimba abathathu abaphezulu benza i-70% yehlabathi. indawo yokugcina isiseko esekwe kwilizwe lam i-cobalt malunga neetoni ezingama-80,000, ngokusisiseko zikhatshwa yimigodi ehamba kunye, ubunzima bemigodi, ngoko ke ubutyebi belizwe lam be-cobalt buqatha, ukuxhomekeka kokungenisa elizweni ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90%.

ilizwe lam oovimba lithium resource malunga 5.8 million tons, ukubekwa kwindawo yesithathu ehlabathini, kodwa imigodi yobutyebi kunzima, ikakhulu isasazwe e Sichuan, Qinghai and Tibet, i-ecological bume kunye nomthamo wezothutho ulinganiselwe, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemigodi emikhulu ngexesha elifutshane lifutshane. Okunokwenzeka okuphantsi kakhulu, imveliso yobuqu inokuhlangabezana nokunyuka kwemfuno yebhetri yamandla asekhaya.

Okwangoku, kukho i-70% yemfuno ye-lithium. Ngokusebenzisa i-lithium-electric recovery, ixabiso lesinyithi kwizinto ezintle ze-electrode yeebhetri ze-ternary ezidla umhlala-phantsi zingasetyenziselwa kwakhona ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintathu-dimensional ezintle ze-electrode, kwaye ngokuyinxenye iyanelisa ikamva lokuvelisa ibhetri yamandla, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwezinto zangaphandle, ukunceda amashishini ukulawula iindleko zempahla ekrwada Imiphumo emibi yokunciphisa kunye nokubonelela nge-lithiba kwilizwe lam ukubaluleka kobuchule kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho. (2) Ubungakanani bemakethi uqikelelo 1) Izinto electrode Positive efunyenwe ngamandla emalike lithium ibhetri resource imarike ikakhulu ibandakanya lithium iron phosphate kunye yuan ezintathu lithium.

Ngokwemilinganiselo yemigangatho kunye neefomyula ze-molecular ze-lithium iron phosphate kunye ne-lithium ezintathu, ezidityaniswe nexabiso leyunithi yemarike ye-nickel-cobalt-manganese yakutshanje ye-lithium, ixabiso lokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lithium nganye ye-GWH ilinganiswa, kwaye le theyibhile ilandelayo: Ngokwale milinganiselo, yonke i-GWH I-atrophiophosphate yezinto eziphathekayo ithiyori ixabisa malunga ne-100 yezigidi ze-yu. Ngenxa yomahluko kumacandelo athile, ixabiso lokubuyisela ithiyori ye-NCM333 ukuya kwi-NCM811 iphakathi kwe-330 yezigidi zeeyuan ukuya kwi-1.9 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan (idatha eneenkcukacha jonga itafile).

Ngokutsho kwemoto yamandla entsha enyakeni kunye nomthamo webhetri yeemodeli ezahlukeneyo, amandla e-lithium ibhetri efakwe amandla aqikelelweyo: Ngokutsho koqikelelo olungentla, amandla ebhetri ye-lithium efakwe amandla anyuka ukusuka kwi-47.4GWH yezigidigidi kwi-2018 ukuya kwi-166.6GWH kwi-2022, izinga lokukhula kwe-composite yonyaka.

Ngaphezu kwama-30%. Ulwazi olubanzi lweshishini, senza oku kuqikelelwa okusisiseko kulandelayo: (1) NgokweSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu ye-13, imveliso entsha yesithuthi samandla kufuneka ifikelele kwizigidi ezi-2; (2) Ngenxa yoxinano lwamandla aphantsi e-lithium iron phosphate, kulindeleke ukuba ifakwe Isixa-mali siyancipha unyaka nonyaka, sinciphisa i-5GWH ngo-2020 kwaye sigcina izongezo zebhetri ze-yuan ezintathu ze-lithium; (3) Ngexesha elifutshane, i-523 iyona nto iphambili yebhetri ye-yuan yesithathu ye-lithium, umenzi webhetri yokuqala iqala ukuvelisa ubuninzi be-622 kunye ne-811, Kulindeleke ukuba i-622 yimveliso yenguqu. Emva kwe-2018, i-333 yanyamalala ngokupheleleyo; (4) Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo, ubomi bebhetri ye-lithium yamandla ngokuqhelekileyo kwiminyaka eyi-3-5, kwaye ubomi bolu mlinganiso yiminyaka emi-4; (5) Ibhetri ye-lithium yamandla i-80% ye-N-4s kunye ne-N-3%.

Ngokusekwe kule ndawo ingasentla, ubungakanani bemarike yomthombo webhetri ye-lithium yenziwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Ngokomlinganiselo ongentla, amandla ebhetri ye-lithium anyuswe ukusuka kwi-5.6GWH kwi-2018 ukuya kwi-47.3GWH kwi-2022, kunye nezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo lonyaka elingaphezulu kwe-70%.

Ixabiso elihambelanayo lokubuyisela lisuka kwi-580 yezigidi zeeyuan ngo-2018 ukuya kwi-7.86 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan ngo-2022, kunye nezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo lonyaka elingaphezulu kwe-90%. 2) I-3C yedijithali yesixhobo sebhetri yedijithali ubukhulu bebhetri yedijithali igxile kakhulu kwii-smartphones, iitafile, iilaptops, iikhamera kunye nezixhobo zombane, njl.

Ngoko ke, ukubala kusekelwe ikakhulu ekuhanjisweni kwezo mveliso zedijithali, kunye nomxholo webhetri ophakathi kwebhetri yedijithali. Ngokutsho kokubhengezwa, ibhetri yedijithali yangoku isebenzisa ikakhulu ibhetri ye-lithium cobaltate, kwaye ngoko ke ukubala kusekelwe kwifomula ye-molecular, umthamo othile, ukuxinwa kwekhono lokwenyani le-lithium cobalt, ibala ukubuyiswa kwebhetri yedijithali ye-3C. Ngolu mlinganiselo, isikali sokubuyisela ubutyebi beebhetri zedijithali sinokukhula ukusuka kwi-2.

I-83 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2018 ukuya kwi-3.66 yeebhiliyoni ze-yuan ngo-2022, kunye nezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo malunga ne-7%. 3.

Abathathi-nxaxheba abaPhambili (1) Ubeko oluSebenzayo lweBattery yaMandla Phantsi kokukhuthazwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye neemarike, umenzi webhetri yamandla njengowona mzimba uphambili wenkqubo yoxanduva lomvelisi, uye wabandakanyeka kwintsimi yamandla e-lithium yokubuyisela ibhetri, imodeli yayo yokurisayikilisha kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abaphambili ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: (2) Iqela lesithathu elisetyenzisiweyo lokuphinda lisetyenziswe kwibhetri elinobuchwephesha kunye nokwandiswa kobuchwephesha bebhetri kunye nokwandiswa kobuchwephesha kwishaneli yeshishini lesithathu. ukurisayikilisha amashishini, kwaye kugxininise inkunkuma eguquguqukayo ibhetri ye-lithium. Imodeli yayo yokurisayikilisha kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abaphambili ngaba balandelayo: 4. Intsingiselo yophuhliso lweshishini kunye neempawu zeshishini ezinokubakho ulwazi lwe-synthesis Ukwanda, umlinganiselo webhetri ye-lithium ene-dimensional-dimensional iyanda rhoqo, kwaye uxinzelelo lweendleko lunenzuzo ebalulekileyo yezoqoqosho kunye nokubaluleka kokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezixhobo kuqoqosho oluqhelekileyo kunye nokubaluleka kokusetyenziswa ngokutsha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imveliso Inkqubo yoxanduva ifuna abavelisi bebhetri bamandla ukuseka inkqubo esebenzayo kunye nokusingqongileyo yokuphinda isetyenziswe, ukwenzela ukuba ukubuyiswa kombane we-lithium kuyimfuneko kwaye kunyanzelekile. Njengoko ibhetshi yokuqala yamandla ebhetri ye-lithium idla umhlala-phantsi, isixa sebhetri ye-lithium esele isidla umhlala-phantsi siya kubonisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo, nokuba ngumenzi webhetri ye-lithium enamandla okanye ukuphinda kusetyenziswe umntu wesithathu, kunye nezinye iinkampani zokusingqongileyo ziya kuvula ithuba elikhulu lophuhliso. Kwixesha elizayo le-lithium-electric recycling industry, bonke abathathi-nxaxheba abanqwenela ukungena kwi-lithium-electric recovery industry baya kujongana nezithintelo zoshishino zilandelayo: izinto ezibanzi, siyagweba, ikamva linokuqhuma ngokukhawuleza kwaye likhuphisane kwimeko yemarike kwixesha elizayo.

Amashishini okurisayikilishwa kweLithium-ombane anempahla, kufuneka abe nezi mpawu zilandelayo: 1) Uthungelwano lokurisayikilisha lugqibelele. Kuyo nayiphi na inkampani yobutyebi bokurisayikilisha, ukurisayikilishwa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada kuhlala bubunzima, kuqinisekisa kuphela ubuninzi obaneleyo kunye neendleko zokuthenga ezifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ngenzuzo yezibonelelo zokurisayikilisha amashishini. Kweli nqanaba, uhlaziyo lweqela lesithathu lobuchwephesha lubuthathaka kwiitshaneli zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ibhetri, kwaye inani elikhulu lezinto ezikrwada zivela kwinkunkuma yekona yabenzi beebhetri kunye nokubuyisela umntu, umthamo we-bargaining ubuthathaka, kwaye ikamva kwinkqubo yokurisayikilisha lelokuqala ukwenza inzuzo yokwenene yokhuphiswano.

Amandla okukhula okukhulu. 2) Abathengi abalungileyo. Ngenxa yokuzimisela okusisiseko kwabavelisi bebhetri ye-lithium yamandla aphezulu, abavelisi bebhetri ye-lithium bobabini bangababoneleli bezinto ezikrwada zeebhetri ze-lithium kunye namashishini okurisayikilisha, kwaye kuphela intsebenziswano elungileyo kunye nabavelisi bebhetri be-lithium abanamandla.

Izibonelelo zebhetri ziphezulu. Iimfuno zokusebenza zinokuqinisekisa uphuhliso oluhle lwamashishini okurisayikilishwa kwebhetri ye-lithium. I-3) Amandla anamandla emali.

Okwangoku, ishishini lokuhlaziywa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo lidla ngokumkelwa ngotshintshiselwano ngemali ekufumaneni imathiriyeli ekrwada, kwaye iinkampani zijongene noxinzelelo olukhulu lwemali, kwaye imali eyaneleyo sisiseko sokuqinisekisa uzinzo lwamashishini. 4) Ukukhuselwa kwendalo. Umgaqo-nkqubo wokukhuselwa kwendalo uya usiba ngqongqo, kwaye imboni ye-lithium-ec-recovery yeyona ndawo iluhlaza ehambelana nokusingqongileyo ihambelana nokusingqongileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukubuyiswa kobutyebi ngokubanzi kujongana nemithombo yenkunkuma enexabiso elithile, ilizwe lam linamankampani athile angenangqondo e-China esekelwe kwinzuzo, esebenzisa indlela engekho mthethweni yokujongana nemithombo yenkunkuma, kodwa emva koko, okusingqongileyo kuyingozi ngakumbi, kwaye ixesha elide lixhomekeke kumgaqo-nkqubo awuyi kuba buhlungu. 5) uyilo kwangaphambili. Nangona ibhetri yenkunkuma ayizange ifakwe ngokusemthethweni kuluhlu oluyingozi, imboni iye yaxoxwa ngayo, ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ion zetsimbi enzima kwibhetri ye-lithium, kulindeleke ukuba ifakwe kwixesha elizayo kubantu abayingozi.

Uphando lweshishini oluphambili.