Mokhoa oa nts&39;etsopele ea indasteri ea ho khutlisa betri ea matla

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - អ្នកផ្គត់ផ្គង់ស្ថានីយ៍ថាមពលចល័ត

Battery ea morao-rao e ncha ea motlakase ke betri ea lithium. Potoloho ea bophelo ba libeteri tsa motlakase li kenyelletsa tlhahiso, ts&39;ebeliso, matlakala, ho bola, le ho sebelisoa hape. Betri ea matla ha e na phetoho ea lik&39;hemik&39;hale tsa betri ho phaella ho fokotseha ha ts&39;ebetso ea lik&39;hemik&39;hale ka mor&39;a tlaleho ea eona, empa ts&39;ebetso ea eona ea ts&39;ebetso le ts&39;ebetso ea ho tsoa ha e khone ho finyella litlhoko tsa matla a koloi.

Lintho tsa &39;mele tsa lik&39;hemik&39;hale tsa betri ea matla ka boeona ha li na liphetoho tsa bohlokoa. Ho sebelisoa bocha le ho sebelisoa ka mekhoa e fapaneng, phepelo ea betri ea motlakase ea hajoale e kenyelletsa ts&39;ebeliso ea cascade le ts&39;ebeliso ea nchafatso ea lisebelisoa. Ho latela tekanyo, matla a betri ea lithium e matla a eketsehile ho tloha ho 5.

6GWH ka 2018 ho isa ho 47.3GWH ka 2022, ka sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo se fetang 70%, &39;me boleng bo lumellanang ba ho hlaphoheloa bo tsoa ho li-yuan tse limilione tse 580 ka 2018 ho isa ho li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 7.86 ka 2022.

Sekhahla sa kholo ea likarolo tsa selemo se feta 90%. Hona joale, litlhoko tse potlakileng tsa naha ea heso ho haha ​​​​betri ea lithium e matla "tlhahiso-thekiso-sebelisa-sebelisoa" ketane ea indasteri e koetsoeng, e le kannete hlokomela tšireletso ea tikoloho ea matla a lithium-motlakase. Ka nts&39;etsopele e tsoelang pele ea indasteri e ncha ea likoloi tsa motlakase, palo e ncha ea selemo le selemo ea betri e kentsoeng e eketsehile ho tloha ho 0.

66GWH ka 2012 ho isa ho 57GWH ka 2018, betri ea matla e kentsoeng matla e feta 100GWH. Tlhokahalo ea lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa betri ea matla e ntse e phahama, nickel ea eona ea mantlha ea lihlahisoa, cobalt, theko ea lithium e ntse e phahama; ka nako e ts&39;oanang, palo e kholo ea betri ea matla e tla fokotseha butle-butle ho tloha 2018, haeba e fosahetse, haeba e fosahetse, likarolo tse sa tšoaneng ka betri e tla A tšilafalo e kholo e bakoa ke tikoloho;. Tlas&39;a bakhanni ba bangata ba indasteri e ka holimo, khatello ea tikoloho le khothatso ea leano, bohlokoa le ho potlaka ha lithium betri recycling e ntse e eketseha le ho feta.

Lilemong tse &39;maloa tse tlang, indasteri e tla tlisa nts&39;etsopele ea lebelo le holimo. Monyetla oa matsete oa indasteri ea recycling ea lithium-motlakase o ntse o le maemong a pele a nts&39;etsopele, le hoja sehlopha sa ho qala pejana, boholo bo le bong ha bo kholo, khatello ea indasteri e tlaase, mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa ho tsosolosa ha o e-s&39;o phethahale. Ha re lebelletse bokamoso, matsete a Jiuding a lumela hore ke sistimi ea ts&39;ebetso e phethahetseng feela, boleng ba moreki, matla a matla a lichelete, litekanyetso tsa botsoalle ba tikoloho, le moralo oa pele, litšoaneleho tsa tlokotsi esale pele li ka hlahella tikolohong ea &39;maraka ea tlhokeho ea indasteri le tikoloho ea&39; maraka e ntseng e eketseha, &39;me qetellong e hole joalo ka China.

Khoebo e etelletseng pele tšimong ea ho pheta-pheta motlakase oa lithium. Boholo ba pampiri ena bo sebelisa caliber e nang le matla a matla a lithium battery, le lihlahisoa le thepa ea matla a lithium battery. Ka kakaretso, tlhahiso ea matla a betri ea lithium e kholo ho feta palo ea thomello.

1. Sepheo sa Indasteri (1) Mohopolo oa Motheo oa Hajoale Battery ea Motlakase oa Motlakase o Mocha oa Battery ea Lithium. Lithium battery e ka aroloa ka: lithium cobalt acid lithium cell, lithium manganate battery, lithium iron phosphate battery, three-dimensional lithium battery (lithium nickel-cobalt-oxanate), joalo-joalo.

Thepa ea ternary ka kakaretso e bua ka thepa ea sehlopha sa lik&39;hemik&39;hale ho fetoha LiniaXBcoCOCO2, moo x ke Mn (manganese) e bolelang NCM (lithium nickel-cobalt-nickellate), &39;me X ke Al (aluminium) e bua ka NCA (lithium nickellate acid). Mehlala e kang 532, 622 le 811 e bua ka karo-karolelano ea linomoro tse tharo tsa A, B, C ho thepa ea NCM, joalo ka 622 e bua ka ho toba Li0.6Mn0.

2CO0.2O2. Potoloho ea bophelo ba libeteri tsa motlakase li kenyelletsa tlhahiso, ts&39;ebeliso, matlakala, ho bola, le ho sebelisoa hape.

Betri ea matla ha e na phetoho ea lik&39;hemik&39;hale tsa betri ho phaella ho fokotseha ha ts&39;ebetso ea lik&39;hemik&39;hale ka mor&39;a tlaleho ea eona, empa ts&39;ebetso ea eona ea ts&39;ebetso le ts&39;ebetso ea ho tsoa ha e khone ho finyella litlhoko tsa matla a koloi. Lintho tsa &39;mele tsa lik&39;hemik&39;hale tsa betri ea matla ka boeona ha li na liphetoho tsa bohlokoa. Ho sebelisoa bocha le ho sebelisoa ka mekhoa e fapaneng, phepelo ea betri ea motlakase ea hajoale e kenyelletsa ts&39;ebeliso ea cascade le ts&39;ebeliso ea nchafatso ea lisebelisoa.

(2) Ketane ea indasteri e bonts&39;a karolo e ka holimo ea indasteri ea ho hlaphoheloa ha lithium-motlakase ho hlahisa libeteri tsa litšila le thepa ea tsona, ho kenyeletsoa likhoebo tsa tlhahiso le basebelisi ba thepa ea bona, lisebelisoa tsa betri, lipakete tsa betri, bakhanni ba likoloi tse ncha le basebelisi ba ho qetela; ho fihlella bohareng ke marang-rang a ho hlaphoheloa ha betri ea lithium, ho tsosolosa le ho tsosolosa Sebelisa likhoebo, likhoebo tse sebelisang lere; tlase ke moetsi oa lisebelisoa tsa betri ea lithium le basebelisi ba betri ea lik&39;hasete. Libetri tse ncha li phalletse ho basebelisi ba likoloi, basebelisi ba likoloi, le basebelisi ba likoloi ba nkela libeteri tse ncha ka lits&39;ebeletso tsa morao-rao le lik&39;hamphani tse hirisang betri, ha ho ntse ho bokelloa libeteri tsa litšila ka mabenkele a morao-rao, likhoebo tse hirisang betri, Phetisetso ea ntlafatso ea betri le ts&39;ebeliso ea likhoebo kapa lere, betri e phallelang lereng ka mor&39;a hore k&39;hamphani e khutlisetsoe bocha. Ka nchafatso le ts&39;ebeliso ea likhoebo ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tsa ho nchafatsa, tsoela pele ho phalla ho moetsi oa betri le ho etsa libeteri tse ncha, ho phalla koloing eohle, ho theha "production-sales-use-use-use" loop e felletseng e koetsoeng.

1) Tšebeliso ea lere ke mokhoa oa ho nchafatsa bophelo ba betri ea lithium. Ka kakaretso, ha matla a lithium betri ea koloi e ncha ea matla a fokotsehile hoo e ka bang 80%, betri ha e finyelle tlhokahalo ea matla e tlosoa, empa betri e ntse e fumaneha bakeng sa liindasteri tse kang polokelo ea matla, e ka kenngoa seteisheneng sa setsi sa telecom iron tower le libaka tse ling. , Setsi sa polokelo ea matla a bolulo sa khoebo le seteishene sa polokelo ea likoloi tsa motlakase, joalo-joalo.

Ha ho bapisoa le lithium iron phosphate, bophelo ba ternary lithium battery bo khutšoanyane, &39;me kotsi ea ts&39;ireletso e phahame,&39; me sebaka sa tšebeliso ea lere ha se tšoanelehe bakeng sa maemo a rarahaneng. Hona joale, bothata bo thibelang tsoelo-pele ea &39;maraka bo kenyelelitse haholo-holo libeteri tse tlohetseng mosebetsi &39;me li na le litšenyehelo tse phahameng,&39; me ho thata ho tiisa hore ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng. Tšitiso ea tekheniki ea lere e phahame, &39;me mahlale a bohlokoa a kenyelletsa theknoloji ea kopanyo e hlakileng le mekhoa e setseng ea ho bolela esale pele bophelo.

Ntlha ea bohlokoa ea ho bolela esale pele bophelo esale pele ke hore e tletseng bophelo potoloho go baya leitlho, ke hore, ho thehoa ha e khōlō ya data traceability tsamaiso sethaleng bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea tsamaiso ea betere e tlohetseng mosebetsi, Na u ka kena &39;marakeng tshebediso ya lere ya data kholo. Ka lebaka la mabaka a mangata a kang thekenoloji, litšenyehelo, lere la nako e khutšoanyane le sebelisetsoa ho sebelisa thekiso e kholo, &39;me lere ha le sebelisoe e le puisano ea bohlokoa ea sehlooho sena. 2) Ho hlaphoheloa ha lisebelisoa ke ho senya, ho qhaqholla le ho qhibilihisa betri ea matla e felisitsoeng, ho lemoha ho tsosolosa le ho sebelisoa ha nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium le lisebelisoa tse ling.

Ka ho hlaphoheloa ha lisebelisoa, nickel, cobalt, manganese e ka finyella ho feta 95%, &39;me likarolo tsa lithium li ka finyella ho sebelisoa hape ho feta 70% (barekisi ka bomong ba ka finyella 90%), melemo ea moruo e bohlokoa. Sehlahisoa sa nickel, cobalt, manganese le letsoai la lithium li ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa li-precursors tsa litho tse tharo le lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa electrode, &39;me li sebelisoa hape bakeng sa ho etsa lisele tsa lithium betri. (3) Boemo ba Indasteri 1) Boemo ba indasteri ea matla ea lithium betri ea matla ke pele ho 2014.

Batri ea lithium e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki joalo ka mehala ea cellular, lilaptop. Ka lebaka la boholo bo bonyenyane, sebopeho le likarolo tse bonolo, ho ajoa ho thata, &39;me ho tsosolosoa ha eona Ho feta likhoebo tse tloaelehileng tsa nickel hydrogen, nickel-cadmium battery recovery. Ka mor&39;a 2014, tlhahiso le thekiso ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla li eketsehile haholo, &39;me betri ea matla e fetohile sehlahisoa se phahameng ka ho fetisisa se lekanang le tšebeliso ea libeteri tsa lithium ka 2016.

Ho lebelletsoe hore e tla tsoelapele ho boloka mekhoa ea ntlafatso ea lebelo le holimo. &39;Mele o ka sehloohong oa mmaraka oa betri ea lithium, palo ea betri ea lithium e amanang le elektronike ea bareki e tla fokotseha ho isa tekanyong e tlase. Ka lebaka la phapang ea tsela ea theknoloji le maemo a ts&39;ebeliso, bophelo bo tloaelehileng ba betri ea matla ke lilemo tse 3-5.

Hajoale, e sa tsoa kena sethaleng se seholo se seng se tlohetse mosebetsi, ka hona &39;maraka oa naha ea heso oa matlafatso ea betri ea lithium o sa tsoa qala. Nts&39;etsopele ea &39;maraka oa li-lithium-e-electric recycling naheng ea China e ntse e le matsatsing a pele, e sa phethahala, e sa tloaeleha. Likhoebo tsa setso tsa ho khutlisa betri ea nickel-hydrogen le likhoebo tse sebelisang tšepe tse metsi li etella pele tlhophisong, li sebelisa marang-rang a seng a ntse a entsoe hape le lilemo tse ngata tsa ho bokella theknoloji, ho hapa libaka tse ngata tsa &39;maraka, ho khaola kapele tšimong ea lithium ea motlakase.

Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la matla a fokolang a matla, tsamaiso ea ho tsosolosa ha e e-s&39;o phethahale, likhoebo tse ka holimo li thehile likamano tsa tšebelisano-&39;moho le baetsi ba thepa e ntle ea mahlakore a mararo, bahlahisi ba matla ba lithium betri, ba nang le fektheri e kholo ea thepa le litšila tsa fektheri ea betri. Mohloli, tiisetso ea phepelo ea thepa e tala. Ho phaella moo, ha e na letho.

Ho na le palo e kholo ea ho sebelisoa hape ha lithupelo tse nyane. Thepa ea ts&39;ebetso e ka morao, ha ho na mangolo a bohlokoa, likotsi tsa polokeho le litaba tsa tikoloho li tebile, &39;me mecha ea ho tsosolosa e hokahane. Mofuta ona oa lithupelo tse nyane hangata o otla banner ea ho sebelisoa hape, &39;me ke khoebo eo "betri e leng bonolo ho e nchafatsa, ho e rekisa", ka theko e phahameng ea theko e phahameng ea lisebelisoa tse tala tsa betri, e sitisang ka ho teba taolo e tloaelehileng ea mmaraka oa betri ea matla, e hatella sebaka se hlophisitsoeng sa mekha e meraro.

Hajoale, li-recyculation tsa mokha oa boraro le baetsi ba betri ea matla a malapeng ba hlokometse sebaka se seholo sa mmaraka sa liindasteri tsa nakong e tlang tsa lithium-electric recovery. Lipalo-palo tsa pele tsa basebetsi ba phahameng lithium motlakase, hona joale tšimong ea matla betri recycling masimong, lik&39;hamphani tse fetang 30, haholo-holo ho akarelletsa le Greenmei, Huayou Cobalt, Bangu Group, Zhangzhou Haopeng, Jinyuan New Materials, Xien Technology, Fangyuan Tikoloho Tšireletso, Dry Thai Technology , Sand Group, China Aviation E Ncha ea Lifofane, Lithium E Ncha ea Lithium, China Aviation Lithium Lithium Likabelo, Taili, Dongpeng New Materials, Guanghua Technology, Zhongtiahong Lithium, Siflower Circulation, Yancheng Star Chuang, Jia Neglon eneji le likhoebo tse ling. Lipalo-palo tse thata, e &39;ngoe le e&39; ngoe e fane ka kaho ea matla a ho tsosolosa betri ea lithium e bile e phahameng haholo ho feta sekheo sa selemo se lebeletsoeng; basebetsi ba indasteri ba bontšitse katoloso e ncha kapa katoloso ea merero e fetang 60 ka 2019.

Ho ka bonoa hore &39;maraka oa ho hlaphoheloa ha lithium-motlakase o futhumala ka potlako, empa ke bohlanya ba sebopeho se foufetseng, hape se tla hlalosa matsatsi a pele a indasteri tšimong ena. Nakong e tlang, litekanyetso tsa indasteri, tlhōlisano e felisoa, &39;me&39; maraka o tla ea butle-butle ho hōla. Ho phaella moo, moetsi oa betri ea matla e le tsamaiso ea boikarabelo ba litlhoko tse hlakileng tsa leano, le fektheri e ncha ea koloi ea matla e le setsi sa khoebo se hokahanyang &39;maraka oa lifofane ka ho toba, e le ho potlakisa moralo, kapa ho fumana ka ho toba setsebi sa ho tsosolosa motho oa boraro, ho phethahatsa liindasteri tsa bona Chain; kapa saena tumellano ea tšebelisano-&39;moho ho aha marang-rang a ho recycle.

2) Tsela ea thekenoloji ea ho sebelisa lisebelisoa ka lebaka la tlhokahalo ea &39;maraka oa betri ea matla, ho tsosolosa lisebelisoa le ho sebelisoa hape ha libeteri tse litšila ho ka fokotsa khaello ea tšepe e kang cobalt, lithium, le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea betri ea matla. Resource recovery ea litšila matla lithium libeteri haholo-holo concentrated ka positive electrode thepa ntsa, tshebetso e ka sehloohong ke: (1) ho lahla ka ho feletseng; (2) ho arola, ho arola electrode e ntle, electrode e mpe, electrolyte le diaphragm, joalo-joalo. Karolo; (3) leaching ea lintho tse ntle tsa elektrode, ho qoelisoa ka asiti, inductance; (4) ho ntša theko e ntlafalitsoeng.

Pholiso ea betri ea lithium e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e meraro ho latela ts&39;ebetso ea ts&39;ebetso: ho hlasimolla metsi, ho omella hape le ho hlaphoheloa ha tlhaho. Ts&39;ebetso ea metsi e rarahane haholo, empa ke mokhoa oa morao-rao oa ho hlaphoheloa ha morao-rao bakeng sa tekanyo ea boleng ba tšepe ea boleng, &39;me e ka sebelisoa ts&39;ebetsong e tloaelehileng ea ho hlaphoheloa; mokhoa o omileng o bonolo ho baka tšilafalo ea bobeli le tšebeliso ea matla, e sebelisoang ka kakaretso e le ts&39;ebetso ea tšepe Sethaleng sa pele, ka mokhoa oa metsi o tšehetsoeng; molao oa likokoana-hloko o na le litšenyehelo tse tlaase, tšilafalo e nyenyane, e ka sebelisoa khafetsa, &39;me ka nako e telele, ke tataiso e nepahetseng ea ho hlaphoheloa ha betri, empa e ntse e le methating ea R <000000> D, ha ho na nyeoe ea kopo ea khoebo. (4) Lilemong tsa morao tjena, litšebeletso tsa naha le li-commissions li &39;nile tsa e-ba boemong ba leano, ho tloha ho matla a fokolang, butle-butle li tiisa le ho ntlafatsa&39; maraka oa ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa litšila tsa lithium, &39;me li bokelloa ka maano le melaoana e mengata ea lithium betri.

Ka ho hlopha, re fumane hore leano la hajoale le tsepamisitse maikutlo ho tse latelang: (1) Ho kenya tšebetsong tlhahiso ea tsamaiso e ikarabellang ea katoloso. Lekala la Naha la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso le Khomishene ea Nts&39;etsopele le Phetoho, "Leano la Theknoloji ea Ts&39;ebetso ea Battery ea Motlakase" (2016), "Sistimi ea Katoloso ea Boikarabello ba Moetsi" e fanoeng ke Ofisi ea Lekhotla la Naha (2017), e supang ka ho hlaka ntlafatso ea lik&39;hamphani tsa makoloi Ka boikarabello bo boholo ba &39;mele oa tlhahiso, ts&39;ebeliso, ts&39;ebeliso ea matla a motlakase le lisebelisoa tsa likoloi tse ncha ho theha lihlahisoa tse ncha tsa li-lithium. Sistimi ea boitlamo ba ts&39;ebeletso ea kamora thekiso (ho kenyeletsoa le ts&39;ebetso ea betri), kenya ts&39;ebetso e ncha ea matla a koloi ea matla a lithium betri traceability, ho latela rekoto ea Dynamic lithium battery recycling. (2) Theha mokhoa oa ho sebelisa betri ea matla a utloahalang ho khothaletsa merero ea lipontšo.

Mathoasong a February 2017, Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso, Lekala la Khoebo, le Lekala la Khoebo ka kopanelo li ile tsa fana ka "Maikutlo a Tataiso mabapi le ho Potlakisa Nts&39;etsopele ea Lisebelisoa tse Tsosolositsoeng". E hlahisitsoe ka ho hlaka: 1 e lebisa tlhokomelo ho nts&39;etsopele ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla tse kang Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Delta ea Pearl River, E tšehetsa ho thehoa ha seaparo se matla, mokhoa oa ho tsosolosa moruo, le ho etsa likopo tsa lipontšo; Likoloi tse 2 tsa motlakase le bahlahisi ba betri ea matla ba tlameha ho ba le boikarabello ba ho theha marang-rang a ts&39;ebetso ea betri ea litšila, ba sebelisa marang-rang a ts&39;ebeletso ea morao-rao ho sebelisa li-betri tse litšila, lipalo-palo le tlhaiso-leseling e sebelisoang hape, ho netefatsa ts&39;ebetso ea ts&39;ebetso ea betri ea litšila le ts&39;ireletso ea ts&39;ireletso; Likhamphani tse 3 tsa likoloi li lokela ho kenya tšebetsong taolo ea tlhaiso-leseling ea betri, ho latela rekoto ea matla a betri. (3) Matlafatsa taolo ea indasteri ea likhoebo tsa indasteri.

Ka Loetse 2018, Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Tlhahisoleseding le ile la fana ka Lethathamo la Khoebo la "New Energy Automobile Waste Battery Comprehensive Utilization Industry Standard Condition" (Batch ea Pele), khamphani ea ho sebelisa betri ea motlakase e tlameha ho ba le litlhoko tse hlakileng. 2. Tlhahlobo ea &39;Maraka (1) Lintlha tsa Drive 1) Bohlokoa ba Tikoloho Bohlokoa ba Litšila tsa Lithium Battery Recycling e na le bohlokoa bo boholo ba tikoloho.

Hang ha litšila tsa lithium betri li kena tikolohong, li-ion tsa tšepe tse kang nickel / cobalt / manganese ka thepa e ntle ea electrode, setsi se matla le li-ion tsa tšepe tse boima ka electrolyte li ka baka tšilafalo ea tšepe e boima kapa tšilafalo ea lintho tse phelang, &39;me qetellong ka ketane ea lijo Kenya batho le liphoofolo, e ama ka ho teba boleng ba tikoloho le bophelo bo botle ba batho. 2) Tlhokahalo ea betri ea matla e leanong le lecha le amanang le koloi ea matla, &39;me ketane eohle ea indasteri e kena nakong ea nts&39;etsopele ea lebelo le phahameng. merero ea moralo oa naha ea heso e &39;nile ea sisinngoa hore ka 2020, thekiso ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla li fihlile ho limilione tse 2,&39; me likoloi tse fetang limilione tse 5 li tiisitsoe.

Ka 2018, koloi e ncha ea matla e na le li-unit tse limilione tse 12.7 ka selemo kaofela, ka thekiso ea limilione tse 12.56, ha e bapisoa le 2017 e fetang 60%.

Ka tlhahiso e ncha ea koloi ea matla, tlhahiso le thekiso ea molumo e phahame, &39;me indasteri ea matla ea lithium betri e na le khōlo e phatlohang. Ka nako e ts&39;oanang, molemo oa betri ea lithium tse tharo-dimensional ha e bapisoa le betri ea lithium iron phosphate, e khotsofatsang litlhoko tse tiileng tsa lithuso tse ncha tsa betri ea matla a naha. Ka hona, betri ea lithium ea li-yuan tse tharo e tla eketseha ka potlako sebakeng sa betri ea matla, 2018 Palo ea betri ea lithium e nang le likarolo tse tharo e ka bang 78% ea molumo oohle o kentsoeng, &39;me litlaleho tsa lithium iron phosphate bakeng sa 19%.

3) Ho fokotsa tsitsipano ea thepa ka katleho le nts&39;etsopele e potlakileng ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla, tlhokahalo ea betri ea yuan lithium e ntse e eketseha, tlhokahalo ea lisebelisoa tse tala tse kang nickel, cobalt, manganese le lithium e potlakile, e lebisang ho phahama ho hoholo ha theko ea thepa e tala, 2014 Theko ea yuniti ea 2014 le carbonate ea nickel le nickel 3. manganese a eketsehile haholo ka nako e khuts&39;oane. Mehloli ea lefatše ea nickel le manganese e ruile, mehloli ea naha ea heso e ka bang limilione tse 2.9, e boemong ba borobeli; motheo oa naha ea heso oa manganese ore o boloka lithane tse limilione tse 40, e behiloe boemong ba botšelela lefatšeng.

Ka kakaretso, naha ea heso e khona ho hlokomela tekanyo ea phepelo le tlhoko ea nickel le manganese. Libaka tsa polokelo ea lisebelisoa tsa cobalt tsa lefats&39;e li ka ba lithane tse limilione tse 7, kabo ea libaka e na le teka-tekano e feteletseng, haholo-holo Congo (Jin), Australia, Cuba, Philippines, Canada, Russia le linaheng tse ling, kakaretso ea mehloli e meraro e ka holimo ke 70% ea lefats&39;e. mehloli ea naha ea heso e thehiloeng ho cobalt e ka ba lithane tse 80,000, ha e le hantle e tsamaisana le merafo e tsamaeang le merafo, bothata ba merafo, kahoo mehloli ea naha ea heso ea cobalt e matla, e itšetlehile ka ho tsoa ho 90%.

naha ea heso lithium mehloli ea mehloli e ka bang limilione tse 5,8 lithane tse, boemong ba boraro lefatšeng ka bophara, empa mehloli ea meepo ke ho le thata, haholo-holo ajoa ka Sichuan, Qinghai le Tibet, tikoloho ea tikoloho e senyeha habonolo &39;me matla a lipalangoang a lekanyelitsoe, le tšebeliso e kholo ea merafo ka nako e khutšoanyane. Monyetla o tlase haholo, tlhahiso ea boinotšing e ka khahlametsa tlhokahalo e matla ea betri ea motlakase ea lapeng.

Hajoale, ho na le 70% ea tlhoko ea lithium. Ka ho hlaphoheloa ha lithium-motlakase, theko ea tšepe ka thepa e ntle ea li-electrode tsa libeteri tsa ternary tse seng li tlohetse mosebetsi li ka sebelisoa hape bakeng sa ho etsa thepa ea li-electrode tse tharo-dimensional, &39;me ka mokhoa o itseng o khotsofatsa bokamoso ba tlhahiso ea matla a betri, ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ha thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha, ho thusa likhoebo ho laola litšenyehelo tsa thepa e tala. bohlokoa ba leano le melemo ea moruo. (2) Khakanyo ea boholo ba &39;maraka 1) Lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa li-electrode tse fumanoeng ke &39;maraka oa matla a lithium betri li kenyelletsa haholo lithium iron phosphate le li-yuan tse tharo tsa lithium.

Ho ea ka litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng le liforomo tsa lik&39;hemik&39;hale tsa limolek&39;hule tsa lithium iron phosphate le lithium tse tharo, li kopantsoe le theko ea &39;maraka ea morao tjena nickel-cobalt-manganese lithium, boleng ba ho hlaphoheloa ha betri e&39; ngoe le e &39;ngoe ea matla a GWH e lekantsoe, le tafole e latelang: Ka lebaka la phapang ea likarolo tse itseng, boleng ba ho hlaphoheloa ha khopolo ea NCM333 ho NCM811 bo pakeng tsa li-yuan tse limilione tse 330 ho ea ho li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 1,9 (lintlha tse qaqileng bona tafole).

Ho ea ka koloi e ncha ea matla ho theosa le selemo le matla a betri a mefuta e fapaneng, matla a lithium betri a kenyelelitsoe bokhoni bo boletsoeng esale pele: Ho ea ka polelo e boletsoeng ka holimo, matla a lithium betri e kentsoeng matla a eketseha ho tloha ho 47.4GWH limilione tse likete ka 2018 ho ea ho 166.6GWH ka 2022, sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo.

Ho feta 30%. Tlhahisoleseding e feletseng ea indasteri, re etsa likhopolo tse latelang tsa motheo: (1) Ho ea ka Leano la 13th la Lilemo Tse Hlano, tlhahiso e ncha ea koloi ea matla e hloka ho fihla ho limilione tse 2; (2) Ka lebaka la matla a tlaase a matla a lithium iron phosphate, ho lebelletsoe hore e kentsoe Chelete e fokotseha selemo le selemo, e fokotsa 5GWH ka 2020 mme e boloka lisebelisoa tse tharo tsa yuan lithium battery; (3) Ka nako e khutšoanyane, 523 ke matla a ka sehloohong a betri ea lithium ea li-yuan tse tharo, moetsi oa pele oa betri o qala ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse ngata 622 le 811, ho lebeletsoe hore 622 ke sehlahisoa sa phetoho. Ka mor&39;a 2018, 333 e nyamela ka ho feletseng; (4) Libakeng tse fapaneng tsa ts&39;ebeliso, bophelo ba betri ea lithium ka kakaretso ke lilemo tse 3-5, &39;me bophelo ba tekanyo ena ke lilemo tse 4; (5) Matla a lithium betri 80% ea N-4s hammoho le N-3%.

Ho ipapisitsoe le ntlha e kaholimo, boholo ba mmaraka oa matla a lithium betri mohloli o entsoe ka tsela e latelang: Ho latela tekanyo e kaholimo, matla a betri ea lithium a eketsehile ho tloha ho 5.6GWH ka 2018 ho isa ho 47.3GWH ka 2022, ka sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo se fetang 70%.

Theko e tsamaellanang ea ho hlaphoheloa e tsoa ho li-yuan tse limilione tse 580 ka 2018 ho isa ho li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 7.86 ka 2022, ka sekhahla sa kholo sa selemo le selemo se fetang 90%. 2) Battery ea dijithale ea 3C ea boholo ba betri ea dijithale e tsepamisitsoe haholo ho li-smartphones, matlapa, lilaptop, lik&39;hamera le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, jj.

Ka hona, palo e thehiloe haholo-holo ho romelloeng ha lihlahisoa tse joalo tsa dijithale, le boholo ba betri ea betri ea dijithale. Ho latela phatlalatso, betri ea hajoale ea dijithale e sebelisa betri ea lithium cobaltate haholo, ka hona lipalo li ipapisitse le foromo ea limolek&39;hule, bokhoni bo ikhethileng, boits&39;oaro ba &39;nete ba lithium cobalt, e lekanya ho hlaphoheloa ha betri ea dijithale ea 3C. Ka tekanyo ena, tekanyo ea ho khutlisa lisebelisoa tsa libeteri tsa dijithale e ka hola ho tloha ho 2.

83 bilione ka 2018 ho ea ho li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 3.66 ka 2022, ka sekhahla sa kholo ea likarolo tse ka bang 7%. 3.

Barupeluoa ba ka Sehloohong (1) Moetsi oa Battery ea Matla ka Matla Tlas&39;a nts&39;etsopele ea maano le limmaraka, moetsi oa betri ea matla e le &39;mele o ka sehloohong oa tsamaiso ea boikarabelo ba moetsi, o kentse letsoho lefapheng la matla a matla a lithium betri, mokhoa oa eona oa ho tsosolosa le barupeluoa ba ka sehloohong ba latelang: lik&39;hamphani tse nchafatsang, &39;me li tsepamisa mohopolo oa litšila tse matla tsa betri ea lithium. Mokhoa oa eona oa ho sebelisa hape le barupeluoa ba ka sehloohong ke ba latelang: 4. Ts&39;ebetso ea nts&39;etsopele ea indasteri le tlhaiso-leseling e ka hlahisoang ke likhoebo E eketsehile, karolo ea betri ea lithium ea mahlakore a mararo e ntse e eketseha, &39;me khatello ea litšenyehelo e na le molemo o moholo oa moruo le bohlokoa ba ho tsosolosa lisebelisoa ho bohlokoa bo tloaelehileng ba moruo le lisebelisoa.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tsamaiso ea Boikarabello ba tlhahiso e hloka hore bahlahisi ba betri ea matla ba thehe mokhoa o sebetsang hantle le oa tikoloho oa ho tsosolosa, e le hore ho hlaphoheloa ha lithium-motlakase ho hlokehe ebile ho tlamehile. Ha sehlopha sa pele sa matla a matla a lithium betri se tlohetse mosebetsi, palo ea betri ea lithium e tlohetseng mosebetsi e tla bontša khōlo e potlakileng lilemong tse hlano tse tlang, ebang ke moetsi ea matla oa lithium betri kapa motho oa boraro, esita le lik&39;hamphani tse ling tsa tikoloho li tla fana ka monyetla o moholo oa tsoelo-pele. Nakong e tlang ea indasteri ea ho tsosolosa lithium-motlakase, barupeluoa bohle ba lakatsang ho kena indastering ea ho hlaphoheloa ha lithium-motlakase ba tla tobana le litšitiso tse latelang tsa indasteri: lintlha tse pharaletseng, re ahlola, bokamoso bo ka phatloha ka potlako le ho hlōlisana tikolohong ea &39;maraka nakong e tlang.

Likhoebo tsa li-lithium-electric recycling tse nang le liaparo, li lokela ho ba le litšobotsi tse latelang: 1) Marang-rang a recycling a nepahetse. Bakeng sa k&39;hamphani efe kapa efe ea ho recycle ea lisebelisoa, ts&39;ebetso ea ts&39;ebetso ea lisebelisoa e lula e le boima, e tiisa feela palo e lekaneng le litšenyehelo tse utloahalang tsa ho reka ho netefatsa phaello ea lik&39;hamphani tse tsosolosang lisebelisoa. Mothating ona, recyculation ea profeshenale ea mokha oa boraro e fokola likanaleng tsa matla a betri, &39;me palo e kholo ea lisebelisoa tse tala li tsoa litšila tsa sekhutlo sa bahlahisi ba betri mme motho ka mong a hlaphoheloa, bokhoni ba ho etsa litherisano bo fokola,&39; me bokamoso ba sistimi ea ho recycle ke bona ba pele ba ho theha monyetla oa tlholisano oa nnete.

Monyetla o moholo oa kholo. 2) Bareki ba molemo. Ka lebaka la boikemisetso ba mantlha ba bahlahisi ba betri ea lithium ba matla, bahlahisi ba betri ea lithium ka bobeli ke barekisi ba lisebelisoa tse tala tsa libeteri tsa lithium le likhoebo tse nchafatsang, &39;me ke tšebelisano e ntle feela le bahlahisi ba matla ba matla a lithium betri.

Lisebelisoa tsa betri li phahame. Litlhoko tsa ts&39;ebetso li ka netefatsa nts&39;etsopele e ntle ea likhoebo tse nchafatsang betri ea lithium. 3) Matla a matla a lichelete.

Hajoale, indasteri ea phepelo ea lisebelisoa hangata e amoheloa ke chelete ea ho fumana thepa, &39;me lik&39;hamphani li tobane le khatello e matla ea chelete,&39; me chelete e lekaneng ke motheo oa ho netefatsa botsitso ba likhoebo. 4) Tšireletso ea tikoloho. Leano la ts&39;ireletso ea tikoloho le ntse le e-ba thata le ho feta, &39;me indasteri ea lithium-ec-recovery ea botala bo ka sehloohong bo se nang tikoloho e na le botsoalle ho feta tikoloho.

Leha ho le joalo, hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore ho hlaphoheloa ha mehloli ka kakaretso ho sebetsana le lisebelisoa tsa litšila tse nang le boleng bo itseng, naha ea heso e na le lik&39;hamphani tse ling tse sa tšepahaleng Chaena tse thehiloeng molemong, li sebelisa mokhoa o seng molaong oa ho sebetsana le lisebelisoa tsa litšila, empa ka lehlakoreng le leng, tikoloho e kotsi ho feta, &39;me nako e telele e itšetlehile ka leano le ke ke la fofa. 5) moralo esale pele. Le hoja betri ea litšila e e-s&39;o kenyelletsoe ka molao lethathamong le kotsi, indasteri e &39;nile ea tšohloa, ka lebaka la mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea li-ion tsa tšepe e boima ka har&39;a betri ea lithium, e lebeletsoe ho kenngoa nakong e tlang ho batho ba kotsi.

Lipatlisiso tsa bohlokoa tsa indasteri.