Kungani izimoto zikagesi zithandwa kakhulu?

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - პორტატული ელექტროსადგურის მიმწოდებელი

Eqinisweni, ihloselwe "ukukhokhisa ngokweqile", futhi izinkampani zezimoto zamandla amasha zenze izilungiselelo zesu lokushaja elihambisanayo, njengokukhawulela amandla okushaja, isikhathi sokubhuka, njll., zama ukuvimbela ukugcwaliswa kwebhethri kungenye yale misebenzi. 1 i-lithium-ion battery taboo egcwele i-iPhone entsha efanayo ememezele okufanayo, ayisekeli uchungechunge lwe-5G iPhone11, futhi yaqala igagasi ngemva kwesimemezelo; ukudla abantu bekhabe kuxutshwe nochungechunge lwe-iPhone11, kodwa engithakasela kakhulu Inguqulo entsha ye-iOS13.

1 ephushwe ngoSepthemba 19 inikeza umsebenzi othi "Optimized Battery Charging", inweba impilo yebhethri ngokuphatha amandla okushaja, ukuphathwa kwesikhathi. Ezweni lefoni ephathekayo, i-iPhone ivulekile esangweni lokuphatha ukushaja, kodwa emotweni kagesi, lokhu kuvame kakhulu, empeleni, imoto yakho ingase inganeliseki ngokuphelele, noma kungcono ukuthi ungayivumeli ichichime, uyaqonda? Uhlelo lwakamuva lwePush IOS13.1 lwengeze umsebenzi othi "Optimized Battery Charging", oklanyelwe ukunweba impilo yebhethri esebenzisa i-IOS13.

idivayisi engu-1; uhlelo luzoqalisa kabusha ngaphezu kuka-80% webhethri ngokufunda abasebenzisi umkhuba wokushaja usuku. , Izokhokhiswa kuphela ku-100% uma umsebenzisi efuna. Izimo zokusebenzisa amabhethri eselula zingase zibe zinhle uma kuqhathaniswa.

Ezimotweni zikagesi, izimo zokusetshenziswa kwebhethri ye-lithium yamandla zinonya kakhulu, futhi sinempilo ende yebhethri ye-lithium, ngakho-ke ibhethri ye-lithium ion yemoto kagesi isivele ifakwe imisebenzi yokuphatha ukushaja. Ungadluli endleleni efanele. Liyini ibhethri le-Lithium-ion ngo-Okthoba 9, i-2019 Nobel Chemical Award inikeze ososayensi abathathu abenza umnikelo oqinile wamabhethri e-lithium-ion - uJohnb (Johnb).

Goodenough, M. UStanley Wit Tinhan (M. StanleyWhittingham, Ji Naki (Akirayoshino).

Namuhla, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion isemakethe yebhethri yesibili, ikakhulukazi emakethe yebhethri ye-lithium yamandla kagesi, "elimnandi", kodwa ekuqaleni, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion empeleni yavela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion. Ebhethrini, siyaqonda ukuthi ama-electron ashajelwe kabi, futhi kufanele ageleze esuka ku-electrode engemihle yebhethri aye ku-electrode ephozithivu, okudinga ukuthi i-electrode eyi-negative yebhethri ibe lula ukulahlekelwa nge-elekthronikhi, futhi engxenyeni yamakhemikhali, "i-lithium" kulula ukulahlekelwa yi-electronic; ngakho I-lithium ion battery positive material i-manganese dioxide noma i-thionyl chloride (i-metal oxide noma enye i-oxidant), futhi into engalungile ye-electrode iyinsimbi ye-lithium. Ukusabela kokukhishwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion empeleni kuwukusabela kwe-oxidative ye-electrode, ngakho-ke iphakethe lebhethri le-lithium ion seliqediwe, futhi isifunda esivaliwe sikhokhiswa, kodwa uma ibhethri yensimbi ye-lithium ishajwa, ngaphakathi kwakheka kalula ukwenza amakristalu e-lithium, okuholela kumjikelezo omfushane webhethri, ngakho-ke ibhethri ye-lithium yensimbi ivimbela ukushaja, ngakho-ke yaziwa nangokuthi ibhethri ye-lithium ".

Ngawo-1980, abanye ososayensi bathola ukuthi i-lithium ion inezici ze-graphite eshumekiwe, futhi inqubo ibuyiselwa emuva, ngakho-ke ukuzalwa kokuqala "kuyibhethri ye-ion ye-lithium" ene-carbon compound njenge-electrode enhle ekuzalweni kokuqala. Njengoba ukushaja kwebhethri kanye nenqubo yokukhipha ingenayo i-lithium yensimbi, i-lithium ion kuphela ibamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni, ukuze kuhlukaniswe "kubhethri yensimbi ye-lithium" okukhulunywe ngenhla, amabhethri anjalo abizwa ngokuthi amabhethri e-lithium ion. Ngokungafani nebhethri yensimbi ye-lithium, ibhethri ye-lithium ion ingashajwa ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi ikhishwe, futhi ukushaja nokusabela kokukhishwa kuphephile (ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-lithium lithium), manje sisebenzisa ibhethri yemoto kagesi sisebenzisa ibhethri ye-lithium ion.

Kungani ibhethri ye-lithium ion ingakwazi ukugcwaliswa, sithi ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ingashajwa ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi ikhishwe, kodwa kungani ungadluli ukushaja, udlulise isimiso sokushaja nokukhipha nokukhishwa. Kafushane, ukushaja nokukhishwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion kuyinqubo yokushumeka, ukunyakaza, ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-lithium ion; lapho ibhethri lishajwa, i-lithium ion isuka ku-electrolyte eyakhayo iye ku-electrolyte engeyinhle, bese ishumekiwe isakhiwo sesendlalelo seCarbon; lapho ibhethri likhishwa, i-ion ye-lithium isuswa kungqimba lwekhabhoni engalungile ibuyele ku-electrode eqondile. Ngikholelwa lokhu, wonke umuntu uyaqonda ukushaja nokukhishwa kwebhethri ye-lithium ion kanye nokuhamba kwe-lithium ion, i-electrode ihlobene; ukushajwa ngokweqile, kungenzeka ukuthi kubangele umonakalo ongenakulungiseka ku-electrode.

Uma ishajwa ngokweqile, ingase ibangele i-lithium eningi kakhulu Isendlalelo sekhabhoni ye-electrode eshumekwe yi-ion asikwazi ukukhuphuka. Uma ukukhishwa ngokweqile kungabangela ungqimba lwekhabhoni ye-electrode negative ukuba lucindezeleke, i-lithium ion ayikwazi ukushumeka kusukela lapho ngesikhathi sokushaja; umphumela wempilo uyancipha, umthamo webhethri ufinyeziwe. Bheka lokhu, akekho umnikazi wemoto ukukhathazeka: Ngilenza kanjani ibhethri ligcwale? Ungakwazi yini ukuyigcina ishaja? Eqinisweni, ihloselwe "ukukhokhiswa ngokweqile", futhi izinkampani zezimoto zamandla amasha zenze izilungiselelo zesu lokushaja elihambisanayo, njengokukhawulela amandla okushaja, isikhathi sokubhuka, njll.

, zama ukuvimbela ukugcwala kwebhethri kungenye yale misebenzi. 2 "Ukuvikela abasebenzisi" kanjani ukuvikela abakhiqizi bebhethri ukuze kuvikelwe abakhiqizi bamabhethri Amamodeli ayisisekelo amasha wamandla angashajwa / izilungiselelo ze-aphoyintimenti, futhi ngisho nezinye izinhlobo zezimoto zikagesi ezimsulwa zisethe amandla athile aphephile lapho zihamba. I-redundancy, inhloso ukuvimbela ukushajwa ngokweqile kwebhethri lamandla e-lithium.

Isibonelo, i-Audi E-TRON amandla okuqamba amandla ebhethri ye-lithium ingu-95kWh, kodwa ibhethri langempela likhiywe ngo-12% (alitholakali), elingu-83.6kWh; ngale ndlela, umenzi uphelelwa amandla ngamandla aphephile ku-hardware Okunye kuvimbela abasebenzisi ukuthi bangagcwali kakhulu ngebhethri. I-Audi E-TRON ngaphandle kwebhethri ngokwayo, umsebenzisi angasetha ukulungiselelwa kokushaja okuphezulu kusixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja semoto.

Uma kuwuhambo olude, uhlelo luzonikeza abasebenzisi isidingo sokuchichima amandla, uma kuyibanga elide, uhlelo luzophakamisa Abasebenzisi bakhokhise amandla ku-100%. Lokhu kuklanywe kwaTesla, futhi ifakwe imodeli. Thatha u-Tesla njengesibonelo, imodeli yomkhiqizo iphinda ihlukanise isixhumi esibonakalayo "sohambo lwansuku zonke" kanye "nohambo olude" kusixhumi esibonakalayo "somkhawulo wokushaja"; uma umsebenzisi ehamba, uhlelo lwe-Tesla luncoma ukuthi abasebenzisi bazokhokhisa amandla ku-50 Phakathi kwe-% -90%, ayiphakamisi ukushaja okuphelele, uma uhambo olude, i-Tesla inconywa ukuthi ikhokhise amandla ku-90% -100%.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kube lula umsebenzisi, u-Tesla usehlangothini lwe-APP yeselula, futhi ukuphela kwemoto kunalo msebenzi. 蔚 來 ES8, ES6 Ngaphambilini, i-APP yomakhalekhukhwini inikezwa emnyango wokusetha umkhawulo ophezulu womkhawulo ongaphezulu wokushaja. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 10, 2019, izoqala ukusunduza i-2.

3.0 inguqulo ye-2.3.

0 inguqulo ye-ES6 (ngo-Okthoba 13), Kuhlelo olusha, umkhawulo ongaphezulu womkhawulo ongaphezulu wokushaja nawo unikezwa emshinini wokuphakela; uhlelo luphinde lunikeze ukuhamba kwansuku zonke nohambo olude, kanti owokuqala uhlongoza ukuba kube ngu-90%, lo wokugcina uhlongoza ukukhokhisa i-100%. Kodwa-ke, uma sithatha i-BYD njengesibonelo, imodeli yamandla entsha yezinkampani zezimoto zendabuko inezilungiselelo zomkhawulo ophezulu wokushaja, kodwa izimoto eziningi ezintsha zamandla ezinkampanini eziningi zezimoto zendabuko zisahlinzeka ngomsebenzi "wokushaja ukubhukha", abasebenzisi bangaqala ukushaja ngokuvumelana nesikhathi sabo sokusetha isidingo. Ngale ndlela, abasebenzisi bangashaja, bonge izindleko zokushaja, banciphise ukucindezela kwegridi; okwesibili, lo msebenzi unganciphisa ukushaja ngezinga elithile, ngokubambezeleka isikhathi sokushaja ukuze kuncishiswe ukushaja.

Kusukela kumgomo wokushaja nokukhipha ibhethri le-lithium-ion, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nomonakalo ongenakulungiseka ebhethrini. Imikhuba yezinkampani zezimoto nayo ikuqinisekisile lokhu. Ayanda amamodeli wamandla amasha akhethwa njengokunikezwa komsebenzisi "umkhawulo ongaphezulu wokushaja" "Inketho.

Kuleli qophelo, singakwazi futhi ukuqonda ukuthi kungani amamodeli athile amandla amabhethri e-lithium angasetshenziswa ngaphansi komthamo okuzisholo, futhi iphayona lebhizinisi lemoto lizovimbela ukwenzeka kokukhokhiswa ngokweqile, ukudela ingxenye kagesi, ukushintshaniswa, ukunweba ibhethri ngangokunokwenzeka Ukuphila, ngicabanga ukuthi leli "bhizinisi" liyabiza. Mayelana nokukhishwa, abasebenzisi abaningi bavame ukufaneleka, futhi isikhathi sokungenzi lutho sizokhokhiswa imoto. Ayilindi kuze kushajwe okuphakelayo kwemoto.

Lokhu akuveli endaweni yezinga lokushisa eliphansi, kodwa ukusebenza kwebhethri kuyancipha, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lokushisa elivamile Kujwayele ukweqisa. Ngenxa yobudlelwano besikhathi, abanikazi abaningi ngeke bagqolozele isikhathi sokudonsa isibhamu, ngakho-ke kuvame ukuthambekela ngokweqile, ngalesi sikhathi, ukulungiselelwa komkhawulo ongaphezulu wokushaja kuzosetshenziswa; kubasebenzisi abashaja ngokushesha, khokhisa kuphela u-80 % Kuphinde kube ukukhetha kwabangane abaningi, okukodwa ukuvimbela ukushaja okuncane, ukuchitha isikhathi, okwesibili ukuvimbela ukushaja, ngakho-ke ngincoma ngokwami ​​le ndlela yokushaja. Isifinyezo: Empeleni, ibhethri alikhathazeki ngebhethri, ngoba amandla emoto kagesi i-lithium battery pack ukusebenza kungcono, futhi uma iphakethe lebhethri lincishisiwe ngaphezu kwenkomba ethile (ngokuvamile i-20% -30%), umenzi uzophinde athathe indawo yebhethri kumnikazi Iphakheji; Kuze kube manje, kusekhona imoto kagesi entsha yokushintsha iphakethe lebhethri, elingafakazela okungenani ngezinga elithile, ibhethri yemoto kagesi ayibi kakhulu njengoba sicabanga.

Impela, isimo sebhethri esihle asinakuhlukaniswa nokugcinwa okufanele komnikazi. Ngikholwa ukuthi imoto kagesi izokunikeza ulwazi oluhle lwemoto.