Fasahar farfado da batir lithium ion sharar gida: fasahar sake amfani da rigar ta fi girma

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Fa&39;atauina Fale Malosi feavea&39;i

Fahimtar fasahar dawo da batir Lithium-ion Sharar gida fasahar albarkatun baturi ita ce sinadaran da ke cikin batir lithium-ion sharar gida, gwargwadon ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, sinadarai, rabuwa. Gabaɗaya, an raba tsarin dawo da duka zuwa sassa 4: (1) Sashin riga-kafi; (2) gyaran kayan lantarki; (3) leaching na wani rabo na karfe; (4) tsarkakewar sinadarai. A lokacin aikin farfadowa, bisa ga tsarin hakar daban-daban, fasahar dawo da batir lithium ion za a iya raba zuwa kashi uku: (1) fasahar dawo da bushewa; (2) fasahar dawo da rigar; (3) Fasahar dawo da halittu.

Busasshen sake yin amfani da su yana da mahimmanci ya haɗa da rarrabuwar injina da maganin zafi mai zafi (ko ƙarfin ƙarfe mai zafin jiki). Tsarin sake yin amfani da busassun gajere ne, kuma yawan sake yin amfani da shi ba shi da ƙarfi. Mataki ne na farko na cimma nasarar farfadowar rabuwar ƙarfe.

Yana da mahimmanci a koma ga hanyar dawo da kayan ko rabo na kayan ko gata na kayan, wanda ke da mahimmanci shine cewa baturin yana murƙushe ta hanyar rarrabuwar jiki da yanayin zafi mai zafi, ko rarraba zafin jiki don cire kwayoyin halitta don ƙarin sake amfani da Element. Fasahar sake amfani da rigar ta fi rikitarwa, amma yawan dawo da kowane karfen farashin yana da yawa, kuma a halin yanzu yana da mahimmanci a kula da batir nickel da batir lithium-ion. Dabarun dawo da rigar sune metastasis, da canja wurin ions ƙarfe daga kayan lantarki zuwa matsakaicin leaching, sannan ta hanyar musayar ion, hazo, adsorption, da sauransu.

Cire a cikin bayani. Fasahar dawo da kwayoyin halitta tana da ƙarancin farashi, ƙananan gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu, wanda za&39;a iya sake amfani da shi, kuma shine kyakkyawan jagorar fasahar dawo da baturi na lithium-ion nan gaba. Dabarun dawo da ilimin halitta suna da mahimmanci don amfani da leaching na ƙwayoyin cuta, canza abubuwan da ke da amfani na tsarin zuwa mahaɗan masu narkewa da zaɓin narke, don samun mafita mai ɗauke da ƙarfe mai inganci, fahimtar abubuwan da aka yi niyya da abubuwan ƙazanta, kuma a ƙarshe dawo da ƙarfe na lithium.

A halin yanzu, an fara bincike kan fasahar dawo da ilimin halittu, sannan a hankali a hankali magance noman nau&39;ikan nau&39;ikan inganci, matsalolin lokaci-lokaci, da kuma magance matsalolin da suka shafi yanayin leaching. Daga cikin tsari na farfadowa, mataki na farko: tsarin pretreatment, manufarsa ita ce fara raba ɓangaren farashin tsohuwar baturin lithium ion, da zaɓin zaɓin haɓaka kayan lantarki, da dai sauransu, don sauƙaƙe tsarin sake yin amfani da shi yana tafiya da kyau.

Tsarin pretreatment gabaɗaya yana haɗakar murkushewa, niƙa, nunawa, da rabuwa ta jiki. Hanyoyi masu mahimmanci na farko sun haɗa da: (1) kafin caji; (2) rabuwa na inji; (3) maganin zafi; (4) maganin alkali; (5) rushewar sauran ƙarfi; (6) wargajewar hannu, da sauransu. Mataki na 2: Rabuwar kayan abu.

An wadatar da lokacin pretreatment don samun kayan haɗin lantarki mai gauraya na ingantattun lantarki da na&39;urar lantarki mara kyau, don raba haɗin haɗin gwiwa na Co, Li, da sauransu, zaɓaɓɓu zazzage kayan haɗaɗɗen lantarki. Hakanan za&39;a iya raba tsarin raba kayan abu zuwa fasahar rarrabuwa na farfadowar bushewa, dawo da rigar da dawo da ilimin halitta: (1) leaching inorganic acid; (2) leaching biometric; (3) Leaching na inji.

Mataki na 3: Tsaftace sinadarai. Abun sa shine ya ware da tsarkake nau&39;ikan karafa masu daraja daban-daban a cikin maganin da aka samu ta hanyar leaching. Maganin leaching ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa kamar Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Li, Al da Cu, inda Ni, Co, Mn, Li shine muhimmin simin ƙarfe da aka kwato.

Bayan daidaita pH, za a zaɓi zaɓi na Al da Fe, kuma ana ƙara sarrafa abubuwa kamar Ni, Co, Mn, da Li a cikin leach. Hanyoyin sake amfani da su suna da hazo sinadarai, nazarin gishiri, hanyar musanya ion, hanyar cirewa da hanyar sanyawa lantarki. Hanyoyi na fasaha da abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin batura masu ƙarfi na lithium-ion a gida da waje: Tsarin rigar da pyrolysis babban zafin jiki sune na yau da kullun kwatankwacin manyan kamfanonin dawo da batir na yau da kullun ana iya samun tsarin sake amfani da su, a halin yanzu na al&39;ada tsarin dawo da baturi na lithium-ion yana da rigar Tsarin tsari da babban zafin magana shine babban, kuma an saka babban sashi a cikin matakin samar da masana&39;antu.

Lithium dawo da tattalin arziki, baturi masana&39;antun da kai-disassembly ko ɓangare na uku dismantling model ne halin yanzu al&39;ada tun 2015, tare da fashewa da sabon makamashi mota masana&39;antu, da kuma shugabanci na baturi kayan (zuwa da shugabanci na high nickel ternary kayan) Development), farashin cobalt, nickel da lithium carbonate / lithium hydroxide zai bunkasa wasu. Wannan yana ba da damar maido da tattalin arzikin batirin lithium ion mai sharar gida. Matsakaicin nisan mitoci na mota masu zaman kansu a cikin ƙasata kusan kilomita 16,000 ne.

A ƙarƙashin yanayin yin amfani da motoci masu zaman kansu, rayuwa mai amfani na motocin lantarki mai tsabta / toshewa yana kusa da shekaru 4 zuwa 6; bas masu alaƙa, Motocin haya, da sauransu. Daban-daban nau&39;ikan karafa masu ƙarfi na lithium-ion baturi sun bambanta. A cewar cibiyoyi masu iko, adadin nau&39;ikan motocin lantarki daban-daban da ƙarfin ƙarfin lithium na keke ana hasashen makomar ƙasata batir lithium-ion masu kuzari.

An kiyasta cewa nan da shekarar 2018, sabon batirin lithium-ion na kasata da aka soke zai kai 11.8GWH, kuma karfen da ya yi daidai da abin da ake iya sake yin amfani da shi shi ne: nickel 1.8 ton, cobalt, 2003,400 na manganese, 03,400 ton; An kiyasta zuwa 2023 A cikin shekara, sabon baturin lithium-ion da aka soke zai kai 101GWH, kuma karfen da ya dace da sake yin amfani da shi shine: nickel 119,000 ton, cobalt, ton 230,000, manganese, tan 20,000 na lithium.

Ana sa ran cibiyar za ta sami raguwa daban-daban a wasu farashin ƙarfe ban da ƙarfe cobalt. Bisa ga wannan, a shekarar 2018, girman kasuwar karfen da za a sake sarrafa shi zai kai yuan biliyan 1.4.

Cobalt yuan miliyan 870, yuan biliyan 26; Ya zuwa 2023, darajar kasuwa na karafa da za a iya sake yin amfani da su na iya kai nickel yuan biliyan 8.4, cobalt yuan biliyan 7.3, manganese manganese yuan miliyan 850, 16.

Yuan biliyan 6 na lithium yuan biliyan 14.6. Ta hanyar kafa samfurin kima na tattalin arziki don samun kudin shiga na farashin batirin lithium ion baturi, samun kudin shiga na kayan aikin dawo da kayan aiki za a iya aiwatar da shi ta hanyar lissafin lissafi mai zuwa: BPRO yana nuna ribar dawo da baturin lithium-ion mai sharar gida; CTOTAL yana wakiltar amfani da batir lithium-ion wutar lantarki Jimillar kudaden shiga na abin da aka kwato; CDepReciation yana wakiltar ƙimar ƙarancin kayan aikin baturin lithium-ion mai ƙarfi; CUSE yana nuna farashin amfani da ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin dawo da batir lithium-ion sharar gida; CTAX yana nufin harajin sharar wutar lantarki na kamfanin sake amfani da batirin lithium-ion.

Kudin amfani da sharar fage mai ƙarfi na dawo da baturi na lithium-ion da sake samar da albarkatu yana da mahimmanci don haɗawa da waɗannan (1) farashin albarkatun ƙasa; (2) farashin kayan taimako; (3) farashin wutar lantarki; (4) farashin kula da kayan aiki; (5) Kudin Kula da Muhalli; (6) kudin aiki. Daga bangarori uku na babban riba mai fa&39;ida, yuwuwa da dorewa, cibiyoyi masu iko sun yi imanin cewa samfurin masana&39;antun baturi kai tsaye sake yin fa&39;ida samuwar yanayin rufaffiyar madauki da kuma ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun 3 waɗanda za a iya dawo da su daga masana&39;antun baturi a halin yanzu. A ce: (1) Farashin karfe na yanzu (yuan 215,000, yuan miliyan 777, nickel yuan miliyan 777, manganese miliyan 1 / ton, lithium yuan / ton 700,000, aluminum 126,000 yuan / ton, ƙarfe 0.

2 miliyan / Ton) kuma kada ku yi la&39;akari da amfanin sauran farfadowa; (2) Yi la&39;akari da yin amfani da nau&39;ikan nau&39;ikan batir lithium ion masu ƙarfi (70% lithium iron phosphate, 7% lithium manganate, yuan uku 23%) Cikakken batirin lithium ion mai ƙarfi; 3) Ban da wasu farashi a wajen albarkatun ƙasa: Cibiyoyin ƙwararrun ɓangare na uku suna samun batir lithium-ion sharar gida daga ƙananan tarurrukan bita da rugujewar babban ribar riba, wanda ya kai 60%; wanda ya biyo bayan hanyar sake yin amfani da shi da sarrafa kawancen masana&39;antu, yawan ribar da aka samu da kashi 45%. Duk da haka, ta wadannan hanyoyi guda biyu, na farko (na uku: siyan karamin bita) yana da matsalolin tsaro da muhalli, kuma karamin bita na yanzu bai gane girman darajar masana&39;antar dawo da wutar lantarki ta lithium ba, farashin saye ya ragu, don haka wannan hanyar ba ta da Ci gaba; Ƙarshen (ƙawancen masana&39;antu) a halin yanzu ba shi da yuwuwar kasancewa saboda haɗin kai na ƙa&39;idodin gudanarwa masu dacewa da yanayin shari&39;a, amma gaba zai kasance daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke faruwa. Sauran hanyoyin guda uku masu yuwuwa ne kuma masu dorewa, amma samfurin babban ribar riba na masana&39;antun batir sun sake yin fa&39;ida kai tsaye tare da siyan batir sharar gida ga masu kera, don haka hukumomi masu iko sun yi imanin cewa waɗannan yanayin biyu za su zama yanayin sake yin amfani da su na yau da kullun.

Ƙimar dawo da kayan baturi na ternary ya fi sauran batir lithium ion mai ƙarfi, kamar dawo da baturin lithium-ion mai girma uku, masana&39;antun baturi sun sake yin fa&39;ida samfurin da ƙirar ɓarna na ɓangare na uku zuwa amfani da batir ɗin da aka yi amfani da batir Ingantacciyar ƙimar saka hannun jari (2016) Babban riba mai girma ya kai 4-85% mai ƙarfi. Masana&39;antar sake yin amfani da su a hankali za su cimma daidaito, ma&39;auni da haɗin gwiwar masana&39;antu a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa. Saboda tasirin sikelin sa, zai sami babban ribar riba mai yawa. Bugu da kari, yanayin sake yin fa&39;ida na asali da ƙirar ɓarna na ɓangare na uku don samar da batir sharar gida har yanzu suna da ƙarfin tattalin arziki.