Itekhnoloji yokuvuselela inkunkuma ye-lithium ion iibhetri: itekhnoloji yokuphinda isetyenziswe emanzi yeyona nto iphambili

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - អ្នកផ្គត់ផ្គង់ស្ថានីយ៍ថាមពលចល័ត

Lithium-ion ibhetri recovery iteknoloji iprofayili inkunkuma lithium-ion ibhetri resource technology yizithako inkunkuma lithium-ion iibhetri, ngokutsho physics zabo, iipropati imichiza, ukwahlukana. Ngokubanzi, yonke inkqubo yokubuyisela ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo e-4: (1) Inxalenye yonyango lwangaphambili; (2) ukulungiswa kwezinto ze-electrode; (3) leaching of a ratio metal; (4) ukucocwa kweekhemikhali. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokubuyisela, ngokwenkqubo yokukhutshwa okuhlukeneyo, iteknoloji yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lithium ion inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amathathu: (1) iteknoloji yokubuyisela okomileyo; (2) iteknoloji yokubuyisela amanzi; (3) Iteknoloji yokubuyisela i-Biological.

Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe okomileyo Okubalulekileyo kubandakanya ukwahlula ngoomatshini kunye nesisombululo esishushu sobushushu obuphezulu (okanye ubushushu obuphezulu besinyithi). Inkqubo eyomileyo yokurisayikilishwa imfutshane, kwaye okukhona okujoliswe kuko akuqinanga. Kuyinqanaba lokuqala lokuphumeza ukubuyiswa kokwahlukana kwesinyithi.

Kubalulekile ukubhekisela kwindlela yokubuyisela izinto okanye umlinganiselo wezinto eziphathekayo okanye ilungelo lezinto eziphathekayo, okubalulekileyo kukuba ibhetri ityunyuziwe yindlela yokuhlelwa komzimba kunye nesisombululo sobushushu obuphezulu, okanye ulwahlulo lobushushu obuphezulu ukususa umbandela we-organic for more Element recycling. Itekhnoloji ye-recycling emanzi inzima kakhulu, kodwa izinga lokubuyisela kwixabiso lentsimbi nganye liphezulu, kwaye okwangoku kubalulekile ukunyanga ibhetri ye-nickel inkunkuma kunye nebhetri ye-lithium-ion. Izindlela zokubuyisela amanzi ziyi-metastasis, kunye nokudlulisa i-ion zetsimbi ukusuka kwizinto ze-electrode ukuya kwi-leaching medium, emva koko ngokutshintshiselana kwe-ion, imvula, i-adsorption, njl.

Ukutsalwa kwisisombululo. Itekhnoloji yokubuyisela i-biological inexabiso eliphantsi, ungcoliseko oluncinci, olusebenzisekayo kwakhona, kwaye isalathiso esifanelekileyo seteknoloji yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lithium-ion kwixesha elizayo. Ubuchule bokubuyiswa kwebhayoloji bubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-microbial leaching, ukuguqula amacandelo aluncedo enkqubo kwiikhompawundi ezinyibilikayo kwaye ngokukhetha ukunyibilika, ukufumana isisombululo esiqulethe isinyithi esisebenzayo, ukuqonda icandelo elijoliswe kuyo kunye namacandelo angacocekanga, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukubuyisela i-lithium Metal.

Okwangoku, uphando kwitekhnoloji yokubuyisela impilo yebhayoloji sele iqalile, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe isombulule ukulinywa koxinzelelo oluphezulu, iingxaki zamaxesha athile, kunye nemiba yolawulo enxulumene neemeko ze-leaching. Ukususela kumyalelo wenkqubo yokubuyisela, inyathelo lokuqala: inkqubo yokulungiswa kwangaphambili, injongo yayo kukuqala ukwahlula inxalenye yexabiso lebhetri ye-lithium ion endala, ngokufanelekileyo ngokukhethayo ukutyebisa izinto ze-electrode, njl.

Inkqubo yonyango lwangaphambili ngokubanzi idibanisa ukutyumza, ukugaya, ukuhlolwa, kunye nokwahlula ngokwasemzimbeni. Iindlela ezibalulekileyo zonyango zibandakanya: (1) ukuhlawulisa kwangaphambili; (2) ukwahlukana koomatshini; (3) unyango lobushushu; (4) isisombululo sealkali; (5) unyibiliko lwesinyibilikisi; (6) ukuchithwa kwezandla, njl. Inyathelo 2: Ukwahlulwa kwezinto.

Isigaba sokulungiswa kwangaphambili siphuculwe ukufumana izinto ezixubileyo ze-electrode ye-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-electrode engafanelekanga, ukwenzela ukuba ukwahlula ukubuyiswa ngokubambisana kwe-Co, Li, njl., ngokukhetha ukukhupha izinto ezixubeneyo ze-electrode. Inkqubo yokwahlulwa kwezinto eziphathekayo inokwahlulwa ibe yiteknoloji yokuhlelwa kokubuyisela okomileyo, ukubuyiswa okumanzi kunye nokubuyiswa kwebhayoloji: (1) i-asidi ye-inorganic leaching; (2) i-biometric leaching; (3) Ukukhutshwa kweekhemikhali zoomatshini.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Ukucocwa kweekhemikhali. Injongo yalo kukwahlula kunye nokuhlambulula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi zexabiso eliphezulu kwisisombululo esifunyenwe yinkqubo yokucoca. Isisombululo se-leaching siqulethe izinto ezininzi ezifana ne-Ni, i-Co, i-Mn, i-Fe, i-Li, i-Al kunye ne-Cu, apho i-Ni, i-Co, i-Mn, i-Li yinto ebalulekileyo yentsimbi efunyenweyo.

Emva kokulungelelanisa i-pH, ukukhethwa kwe-Al kunye ne-Fe kukhethiwe, kwaye izinto ezifana ne-Ni, Co, Mn, kunye ne-Li kwi-leach ziqhutyelwa phambili. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe zinemichiza, uhlalutyo lwetyuwa, indlela yokutshintshiselana nge-ion, indlela yokukhupha kunye ne-electrodeposition method. Iindlela zobugcisa kunye neendlela kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezinamandla ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe: Inkqubo emanzi kunye nobushushu obuphezulu be-pyrolysis zixhaphakileyo zokuthelekisa zangaphandle eziqhelekileyo iinkampani zokubuyisela ibhetri inkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe ingafunyanwa, okwangoku inkqubo yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lithium-ion imanzi Inkqubo kunye nebinzana lobushushu obuphezulu liphambili, kwaye inxalenye enkulu iye yatyalwa kwinqanaba lemveliso yemveliso.

I-Lithium recovery economics, abavelisi beebhetri zokuziqhaqha okanye imodeli yokuqhawula umntu wesithathu yinto ekhoyo ngoku ukususela ngo-2015, ngokuqhambuka kweshishini elitsha leemoto zamandla, kunye nolwalathiso lwezixhobo zebhetri (ukusingise kwicala lezinto eziphezulu ze-nickel ternary) Uphuhliso), ixabiso le-cobalt, i-nickel kunye ne-lithium carbonate / i-lithium hydroxide ethile iya kunyuswa. Oku kwenza kube lula ukubuyisela uqoqosho lwebhetri ye-lithium ion endala. Umndilili weemayile zeemoto zabucala kwilizwe lam zimalunga ne-16,000 yeekhilomitha.

Ngaphantsi kweemeko zokusetyenziswa kweemoto zabucala, ubomi obuluncedo bombane ococekileyo / iiplagi-kwiimoto zijikeleze iminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwe-6; ibhasi ezinxulumene, iimoto ezirentwayo, njl. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeentsimbi zebhetri ze-lithium-ion zihlukile. Ngokwamaziko agunyazisiweyo, umyinge weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezithuthi zombane kunye nokuhamba ngebhayisikile i-lithium capacitance iqikelelwe malunga nekamva lam iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zekamva.

Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2018, ibhetri entsha yelizwe lam i-lithium-ion etshatyalaliswayo iya kufikelela kwi-11.8GWH, kunye nentsimbi ehambelana nokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona: i-nickel 1.8 yezigidi zeetoni, i-cobalt, i-2003,400 yeetoni ze-manganese, iitoni ze-03,400; Kuqikelelwa kwi-2023 Ngonyaka, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion esanda kuchithwa iya kufikelela kwi-101GWH, kwaye isinyithi esihambelana nokuphinda sisetyenziswe kwakhona: i-nickel 119,000 tons, cobalt, 230,000 tons, manganese, 20,000 tons lithium.

Iziko eligunyazisiweyo kulindeleke ukuba libe nenqanaba elahlukileyo lokuhla kwamanye amaxabiso esinyithi ngaphezu kwe-cobalt yensimbi. Ngokwale nto, kwi-2018, ubungakanani bemarike yesinyithi enokuphinda isetyenziswe buya kufikelela kwi-1.4 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan.

Cobalt 870 million yuan, 26 billion yuan; ukuya ku-2023, ixabiso lemarike yentsimbi enokuphinda isetyenziswe inokufikelela kwi-nickel 8.4 yebhiliyoni yeyuan, i-cobalt 7.3 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, manganese manganese 850 yezigidi zeeyuan, 16.

6 billion yuan lithium 14.6 billion yuan. Ngokuseka imodeli yovavanyo loqoqosho yengeniso yeendleko zebhetri ye-lithium ion yamandla, ingeniso yemveliso yokubuyisela imveliso inokuqhutywa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo lwemathematika: I-BPRO ibonisa inzuzo yokubuyisela amandla enkunkuma ye-lithium-ion ibhetri; I-CTOTAL imele ukusetyenziswa kwamandla enkunkuma ibhetri ye-lithium-ion Iyonke ingeniso efunyenweyo; I-CDepReciation imele ixabiso lokuhla kwexabiso lenkunkuma ye-lithium-ion izixhobo zebhetri; I-CUSE ibonisa iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lithium-ion inkunkuma; I-CTAX ithetha ukurhafiswa kwenkunkuma yamandla e-lithium-ion kwinkampani yokuhlaziya ibhetri.

Iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma eguquguqukayo ye-lithium-ion ibhetri yokubuyisela kunye ne-resource resource ibalulekile ukubandakanya oku kulandelayo (1) iindleko zezinto eziluhlaza; (2) iindleko zezinto ezincedisayo; (3) iindleko zombane zamafutha; (4) iindleko zokugcina izixhobo; (5) Iindleko zokuPhathwa kwendalo; (6) iindleko zomsebenzi. Ukusuka kwimiba emithathu yengeniso yengeniso, ukwenzeka kunye nozinzo, amaziko agunyazisiweyo akholelwa ukuba imodeli yabenzi bebhetri iphinda iphinde isetyenziswe ngokutsha ukubunjwa kwemowudi evaliweyo kunye neqela lesithathu lobuchule bokuqhawula indlela yokuthenga iibhetri ezilahlwayo kubavelisi bebhetri yimodeli yangoku yamandla e-lithium yokubuyisela umbane kunye noqoqosho olungcono kwimeko yokubuyisela umbane we-lithium. Masithi: (1) Ixabiso lentsimbi yangoku (215,000 yuan / ton, nickel 777 million yuan / ton, manganese 1 million / ton, lithium 700,000 yuan / ton, aluminiyam 126,000 yuan / ton, iron 0.

Izigidi ezi-2 / iiToni) kwaye ungazithatheli ngqalelo iinzuzo zokunye ukuchacha; (2) Qwalasela ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamandla ebhetri lithium ion (70% lithium iron phosphate, 7% lithium manganenate, yuan ezintathu 23%) Comprehensive recovery lithium ion ibhetri; I-3) Ngaphandle kwezinye iindleko ezingaphandle kwezinto eziluhlaza: Amaziko eengcali zenkampani yesithathu afumana inkunkuma ye-lithium-ion iibhetri kwiindibano zocweyo ezincinci kunye nokubola kwengeniso yenzuzo enkulu, ukufikelela kwi-60%; kulandele uhlobo lokurisayikilishwa kunye nokusetyenzwa kobudlelwane boshishino, ingeniso yengeniso eyi-45%. Nangona kunjalo, ngezi ndlela zimbini, lowo wangaphambili (iqela lesithathu: ukuthenga i-workshop encinci) uneengxaki zokhuseleko kunye nokusingqongileyo, kwaye i-workshop encinci yangoku ayizange ibone ixabiso elikhulu le-lithium-electric recovery industry, ixabiso lokuthenga liphantsi, ngoko le ndlela ayinayo i-Continuous; eyokugqibela (umanyano lweshishini) okwangoku ayinakwenzeka ukuba ibe ngenxa yomanyano lwemigaqo yolawulo olufanelekileyo kunye neemeko zomthetho, kodwa ikamva liya kuba yenye yeendlela. Ezinye iindlela zintathu zinokwenzeka kwaye zizinzileyo, kodwa imodeli yengeniso yengeniso yengeniso yabenzi beebhetri ihlaziywe ngokuthe ngqo kwaye yathenga iibhetri zenkunkuma kubavelisi, ngoko ke amaziko agunyazisiweyo akholelwa ukuba ezi zimbini Le mowudi izakwenza indlela yangoku yokurisayikilisha.

Ixabiso lokubuyisela ibhetri ye-ternary iphezulu kunezinye iibhetri ze-lithium ion zamandla, ezifana nokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ene-dimensional-dimensional, umenzi webhetri uphinde wayiphinda imodeli kunye nemodeli yesithathu yokuqhawula ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo kumenzi webhetri Umgangatho wotyalo-mali (2016) Umda wenzuzo enkulu ifikelele kwi-55% kwaye i-4% ye-lithicycling iya kuphinda ifikelele kwi-55% kunye ne-4% ngokulandelelana. ngokuthe ngcembe ukufikelela emgangathweni, isikali kunye nomanyano lweshishini kule minyaka mihlanu izayo. Ngenxa yesiphumo sesikali, iya kuba nomda ophezulu wengeniso yengeniso. Ukongeza, imowudi yomvelisi ehlaziyiweyo kunye nemodeli yokuqhawula umntu wesithathu ukuvelisa iibhetri zenkunkuma zisenoqoqosho olomeleleyo.