Revitalization tekinoroji yemarara lithium ion mabhatiri: wet recycling tekinoroji inonyanya

Автор: Iflowpower – Kannettavien voimalaitosten toimittaja

Lithium-ion bhatiri kudzoreredza tekinoroji profiyuta tsvina lithium-ion bhatiri resource tekinoroji ndiyo inosanganisa mumarara lithium-ion mabhatiri, zvinoenderana nefizikisi yavo, makemikari zvimiro, kupatsanurwa. Kazhinji, nzira yose yekudzorera yakakamurwa kuva 4 zvikamu: (1) Pre-kurapwa chikamu; (2) electrode kugadzirisa zvinhu; (3) leaching yereshiyo simbi; (4) kucheneswa kwemakemikari. Munguva yekudzorera, maererano nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ekuchera, teknolojia yekudzorera ye lithium ion mabhatiri inogona kugoverwa muzvikamu zvitatu: (1) yakaoma kupora teknolojia; (2) tekinoroji yekunyorova; (3) Biological recovery technology.

Dry recycling Yakakosha inosanganisira kupatsanurwa kwemuchina uye tembiricha yekupisa yekupisa (kana tembiricha yesimbi). Iyo yakaoma recycling maitiro ipfupi, uye zvakanyanya kunangwa kudzokorodza hakuna kusimba. Iyo inhanho yekutanga yekuwana simbi yekuparadzanisa kupora.

Zvakakosha kureva nzira yekudzorera zvinhu kana chiyero chezvinyorwa kana ropafadzo yezvinhu, zvakakosha ndezvekuti bhatiri rinopwanyika nemaitiro ekugadzirisa muviri uye kupisa kwekushisa kwepamusoro, kana kupatsanurwa kwekushisa kwepamusoro kubvisa organic matter kuti iwedzere Element recycling. Wet recycling tekinoroji yakanyanya kuomarara, asi chiyero chekudzoreredza chemutengo wega wega simbi yakakwira, uye ikozvino yakakosha kubata tsvina nickel bhatiri uye lithium-ion bhatiri. Wet kudzoreredza matekiniki ndeye metastasis, uye kuendesa simbi maion kubva kune electrode zvinhu kuenda kune leaching medium, uyezve neion exchange, kunaya, adsorption, nezvimwe.

Kubvisa mune mhinduro. Biological kudzoreredza tekinoroji ine mutengo wakaderera, kusvibiswa kudiki, kushandiswazve, uye ndiyo nzira yakanaka yeramangwana relithium-ion bhatiri rekudzoreredza tekinoroji. Biological recovery techniques zvakakosha kushandisa microbial leaching, kushandura zvinhu zvinobatsira zvegadziriro kuita soluble compounds uye nekunyungudusa zvine mutsindo, kuwana mhinduro ine simbi inoshanda, kuona chinonangwa chikamu uye zvinhu zvisina kuchena, uye pakupedzisira kudzoreredza lithium Metal.

Parizvino, tsvagiridzo yehunyanzvi hwekudzoreredza tekinoroji ichangotanga, uye zvishoma nezvishoma inogadzirisa kurimwa kwemhando yepamusoro-soro, matambudziko enguva nenguva, uye nyaya dzekudzora dzine chekuita nemamiriro ekudzidzira. Kubva pakurongeka kwemaitiro ekudzoreredza, danho rekutanga: iyo pretreatment process, chinangwa chayo ndechekutanga kuparadzanisa chikamu chemutengo chekare lithium ion bhatiri, zvinobudirira zvakasarudzwa zvinopfumisa iyo electrode zvinhu, nezvimwewo, kufambisa kunotevera kudzokorodza Maitiro ari kufamba zvakanaka.

Iyo pretreatment maitiro anowanzo kusanganisa kupwanya, kukuya, kuongorora, uye kupatsanurwa kwemuviri. Nzira dzakakosha dzekugadzirira dzinosanganisira: (1) pre-charge; (2) kupatsanurwa kwemichina; (3) kupisa kupisa; (4) alkali solution; (5) kuparara kwe solvent; (6) manyore disassembly, nezvimwe. Danho 2: Kuparadzana kwezvinhu.

Iyo pretreatment phase inopfumiswa kuti iwane yakasanganiswa electrode zvinhu zveyakanaka electrode uye iyo yakaipa electrode, kuitira kupatsanura co-kudzoreredza kweCo, Li, nezvimwewo, nekusarudza kubvisa yakasanganiswa electrode zvinhu. Iyo nzira yekuparadzaniswa kwezvinhu inogona zvakare kukamurwa kuva Classification tekinoroji yekuwomesa kupora, kunyorova kupora uye biological kupora: (1) inorganic acid leaching; (2) biometric leaching; (3) Mechanical kemikari leaching.

Danho rechitatu: Kucheneswa kwemakemikari. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuparadzanisa uye kuchenesa simbi dzakasiyana-siyana dzepamusoro-soro mumhinduro inowanikwa nekuita leaching. Iyo leaching mhinduro ine akati wandei zvinhu zvakaita seNi, Co, Mn, Fe, Li, Al uye Cu, umo Ni, Co, Mn, Li chinhu chakakosha chakadzoserwa simbi chinhu.

Mushure mekugadzirisa pH, kusarudzwa kweAl neFe kunosarudzwa, uye zvinhu zvakadai seNi, Co, Mn, uye Li mune leach zvinowedzerwa zvakare. Nzira dzinowanzo shandiswa kudzokorodza dzine kunaya kwemakemikari, kuongororwa kwemunyu, nzira yekuchinjanisa ion, nzira yekubvisa uye electrodeposition nzira. Nzira dzehunyanzvi uye maitiro mune ane simba lithium-ion mabhatiri kumba nekune dzimwe nyika: Wet process uye yakakwirira tembiricha pyrolysis ndiyo yakajairika inofananidzwa yekune dzimwe nyika mainstream mabhatiri ekudzoreredza makambani ekudzoreredza maitiro anogona kuwanikwa, parizvino mainstream lithium-ion bhatiri kudzoreredza maitiro akanyorova Iyo maitiro uye yakanyanya tembiricha mutsara ndiyo huru, uye chikamu chikuru chakaiswa mari muchikamu chekugadzira maindasitiri.

Lithium kudzoreredza hupfumi, vanogadzira mabhatiri vanozvi-disassembly kana wechitatu-bato rekubvisa modhi yave iripo kubvira 2015, nekubuda kweindasitiri yemotokari yemagetsi, uye negwara remidziyo yebhatiri (yakananga kune yakakwira nickel ternary zvinhu) Kuvandudza), mutengo wecobalt, nickel uye lithium carbonate / lithium hydroxide imwe ichawedzerwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kudzoreredza hupfumi hweiyo tsvina-yekare lithium ion bhatiri. Avhareji mileage yemotokari yakazvimirira munyika yangu ingangoita 16,000 makiromita.

Pasi pemamiriro ekushandiswa kwemotokari dzakavanzika, hupenyu hunobatsira hwemagetsi / plug-mumota dzakatenderedza makore mana kusvika matanhatu; bhazi rine hukama, Mota dzekurojesa, nezvimwe. Mhando dzakasiyana dze dynamic lithium-ion bhatiri masimbi akasiyana. Maererano nemasangano ane chiremera, chikamu chemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemotokari dzemagetsi uye bhasikoro lithium capacitance inofanotaurwa nezveramangwana renyika yangu rekusimudzira lithium-ion mabhatiri.

Inofungidzirwa kuti ne2018, nyika yangu itsva yakaraswa simba lithium-ion bhatiri ichasvika 11.8GWH, uye simbi inoenderana neyakagadziriswazve ndeye: nickel 1.8 miriyoni matani, cobalt, 2003,400 matani emanganese, 03,400 matani; inofungidzirwa kusvika 2023 Mugore, iyo ichangoburwa simba lithium-ion bhatiri ichasvika 101GWH, uye simbi inoenderana nekudzokorodza ndeye: nickel 119,000 matani, cobalt, 230,000 matani, manganese, 20,000 matani e lithium.

Iyo ine chiremera institution inotarisirwa kuve neyakasiyana dhigirii yekuderera mune mamwe simbi mitengo kuwedzera kune simbi cobalt. Maererano neizvi, muna 2018, saizi yemusika wesimbi inodzokororwa ichasvika 1.4 bhiriyoni yuan.

Cobalt mamiriyoni 870 yuan, 26 bhiriyoni Yuan; kusvika 2023, kukosha kwemusika kwesimbi inogona kudzokororwa inogona kusvika nickel 8.4 bhiriyoni yuan, cobalt 7.3 bhiriyoni yuan, manganese manganese 850 miriyoni yuan, 16.

6 bhiriyoni yuan ye lithium 14.6 bhiriyoni yuan. Nekugadzira muenzaniso wehupfumi wekuongorora mari yemutengo wesimba re lithium ion bhatiri, mari yekudzorera zvinhu zvinobudiswa zvinogona kuitwa nemuenzaniso unotevera wemasvomhu: BPRO inoratidza purofiti yekudzorera simba remarara lithium-ion bhatiri; CTOTAL inomiririra kushandiswa kwemarara emagetsi lithium-ion mabhatiri Mari yese yezvakadzoserwa; iyo CDepReciation inomiririra kuderera kwemutengo wemarara ane simba lithium-ion bhatiri michina; CUSE inoratidza mutengo wekushandiswa kwemarara ane simba lithium-ion bhatiri kudzoreredza maitiro; CTAX inoreva mutero wemarara simba lithium-ion bhatiri recycling kambani.

Mutengo wekushandiswa kwemarara dynamic lithium-ion bhatiri kudzoreredza uye re-resource yakakosha kusanganisa zvinotevera (1) mbishi mari; (2) mutengo wezvinhu zvebetsero; (3) mutengo wemagetsi emafuta; (4) mari yekugadzirisa midziyo; (5) Mutengo weKubata kwezvakatipoteredza; (6) mari yebasa. Kubva pazvikamu zvitatu zvegorosi purofiti, kugona uye kusimba, masangano ane masimba anotenda kuti modhi yevagadziri vebhatiri zvakananga kudzoreredza kuumbwa kweyakavharwa-loop modhi uye yechitatu-bato nyanzvi yekubvisa nzira yekutenga mabhatiri emarara kune vanogadzira mabhatiri ndiyo yazvino simba remagetsi lithium electric recovery model Uye nehupfumi huri nani munyaya ye lithium magetsi composite recovery. Ngatitii: (1) Ikozvino mutengo wesimbi (215,000 yuan / tani, nickel 777 miriyoni yuan / ton, manganese 1 miriyoni / tani, lithium 700,000 yuan / ton, aluminium 126,000 yuan / toni, iron 0.

2 miriyoni / Matani) uye usatarise mabhenefiti ekumwe kupora; (2) Funga kushandiswa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emagetsi lithium ion mabhatiri (70% lithium iron phosphate, 7% lithium manganate, matatu yuan 23%) Comprehensive recovery lithium ion battery; 3) Kunze kwezvimwe zvinodhura kunze kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira: Chechitatu-bato masangano ehunyanzvi anowana tsvina yelithium-ion mabhatiri kubva kumashopu madiki uye yakaora gross purofiti margin, inosvika 60%; inoteverwa nechimiro chekudzokorodza uye kugadzirisa mibatanidzwa yemaindasitiri, gross profit margin 45%. Zvisinei, nenzira mbiri idzi, yekare (yechitatu: kutenga workshop duku) ine matambudziko ekuchengetedza uye kwezvakatipoteredza, uye ikozvino diki workshop haina kuziva kukosha kukuru kweindasitiri ye-lithium-electric recovery industry, mutengo wekutenga wakaderera, saka nzira iyi haina Kuenderera mberi; iyo yekupedzisira (industry mubatanidzwa) parizvino isingaite nekuda kwekubatana kweiyo yakakodzera manejimendi mirau uye pamutemo nharaunda, asi ramangwana richava rimwe remaitiro. Dzimwe nzira nhatu dzinogoneka uye dzinogoneka, asi iyo modhi yakawandisa purofiti yevagadziri vebhatiri yakanyatso shandiswazve uye kutenga mabhatiri emarara kune vanogadzira, saka masangano ane chiremera anotenda kuti maviri aya Mamodhi anozoumba yazvino nzira yekudzokorodza.

Kudzoreredza kukosha kweiyo ternary bhatiri mabhatiri akakwira kupfuura mamwe magetsi e-lithium ion mabhatiri, akadai sekudzorera matatu-dimensional lithium-ion bhatiri, mugadziri webhatiri akadzokorodza modhi uye wechitatu-bato rekubvisa modhi kumugadziri webhatiri kushandiswa kwemabhatiri akashandiswa Hunhu hwekudyara mari (2016) Iyo gross profit margin yasvika 55% yemagetsi indasitiri inodzokororwa, uye 4% yemagetsi indasitiri inoteerana. zvishoma nezvishoma kuwana chiyero, chiyero uye mubatanidzwa weindasitiri mumakore mashanu anotevera. Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hunoita, ichave iine yakakwira gross profit margin. Pamusoro pezvo, mugadziri wepakutanga akadzokorodza modhi uye wechitatu-bato rekubvisa modhi kugadzira marara mabhatiri achiri ane hupfumi hwakasimba.