Ubuchwepheshe bokuvuselela amabhethri e-lithium ion kadoti: ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisela kabusha obumanzi buyinhloko

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - ପୋର୍ଟେବଲ୍ ପାୱାର ଷ୍ଟେସନ୍ ଯୋଗାଣକାରୀ

Iphrofayili yephrofayili yobuchwepheshe bokubuyisela ibhethri ye-Lithium-ion imfucumfucu ye-lithium-ion yemithombo yebhethri iyizithako kumabhethri e-lithium-ion, ngokusho kwe-physics yawo, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali, ukuhlukaniswa. Ngokuvamile, yonke inqubo yokutakula ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezi-4: (1) Ingxenye yokwelashwa kwangaphambili; (2) ukulungiswa kwempahla ye-electrode; (3) leaching of a ratio metal; (4) ukuhlanzwa kwamakhemikhali. Phakathi nenqubo yokutakula, ngokusho kwenqubo ehlukene yokukhipha, ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisela amabhethri e-lithium ion bungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: (1) ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisela owomile; (2) ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisela amanzi; (3) Ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisela izinto eziphilayo.

Ukugaywa kabusha okomile Okubalulekile kufaka phakathi ukwahlukanisa ngemishini kanye nesisombululo esishisayo esishisayo (noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lensimbi). Inqubo eyomile yokugaywa kabusha ifushane, futhi ukugaywa kabusha okuhlosiwe akunamandla. Kuyisigaba sokuqala sokuthola ukubuyiselwa kokuhlukaniswa kwensimbi.

Kubalulekile ukubhekisela endleleni yokubuyisela impahla noma isilinganiso sempahla noma ilungelo lempahla, okubalulekile ukuthi ibhethri ichotshozwa ngendlela yokuhlunga ngokomzimba kanye nesisombululo sokushisa okuphezulu, noma ukuhlukaniswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukuze kukhishwe izinto eziphilayo ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuvuselelwa kwe-Element. Ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisela kabusha obumanzi buyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa izinga lokutholwa kwensimbi ngayinye yentengo liphezulu, futhi okwamanje kubalulekile ukwelapha udoti webhethri ye-nickel nebhethri ye-lithium-ion. Amasu okuthola kabusha okumanzi ama-metastasis, futhi adlulise ama-ion ensimbi asuka ezintweni ze-electrode aye endaweni yokugezela, bese ngokushintshana kwe-ion, imvula, i-adsorption, njll.

Ukukhishwa kusixazululo. Ubuchwepheshe bokutholwa kwebhayoloji bunezindleko eziphansi, ukungcola okuncane, okusebenziseka kabusha, futhi buyisiqondiso esifanelekile sobuchwepheshe bokubuyisela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion esikhathini esizayo. Amasu okubuyisela izinto eziphilayo abalulekile ukusebenzisa i-microbial leaching, ukuguqula izingxenye eziwusizo zesistimu zibe izinhlanganisela ezincibilikayo futhi zincibilike ngokukhetha, ukuthola isisombululo esiqukethe insimbi ephumelelayo, ukuqaphela ingxenye ehlosiwe kanye nezingxenye zokungcola, futhi ekugcineni ululame i-lithium Metal.

Njengamanje, ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe bokutholwa kwebhayoloji lusanda kuqala, bese luxazulula kancane kancane ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, izinkinga zezikhathi ezithile, kanye nezindaba zokulawula ezihlobene nezimo zokuleaching. Kusukela ekuhleleni kwenqubo yokutakula, isinyathelo sokuqala: inqubo yokwelashwa, inhloso yayo ekuqaleni ukuhlukanisa ingxenye yentengo yebhethri ye-lithium ion endala, ngokukhetha ngokukhethayo inothisa impahla ye-electrode, njll., ukuze kube lula ukugaywa kabusha okulandelayo Inqubo ihamba kahle.

Inqubo yokwelapha kusengaphambili ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukuchotshozwa, ukugaya, ukuhlola, nokuhlukaniswa ngokomzimba. Izindlela zokwelapha ezibalulekile zifaka: (1) ukukhokhisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi; (2) ukuhlukaniswa kwemishini; (3) ukwelashwa ukushisa; (4) isixazululo se-alkali; (5) ukuchithwa kwe-solvent; (6) ukuqaqa ngesandla, njll. Isinyathelo sesi-2: Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto.

Isigaba sokwelashwa kwangaphambili siyacetshiswa ukuze kutholwe impahla ye-electrode exubile ye-electrode ephozithivu kanye ne-electrode engalungile, ukuze kuhlukaniswe ukutholwa ngokubambisana kwe-Co, Li, njll., ngokukhetha kukhishwe into exubile ye-electrode. Inqubo yokuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ingabuye ihlukaniswe ngobuchwepheshe bokuhlukaniswa kokululama okomile, ukubuyiswa okumanzi kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezinto eziphilayo: (1) i-acid leaching ye-inorganic; (2) i-biometric leaching; (3) Ukucwiliswa kwamakhemikhali ngomshini.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Ukuhlanzwa kwamakhemikhali. Inhloso yawo ukuhlukanisa nokuhlanza izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene eziphezulu ze-value-added kwisixazululo esitholwe yinqubo yokukhishwa. Isixazululo se-leaching siqukethe izakhi eziningi ezifana ne-Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Li, Al ne-Cu, lapho i-Ni, Co, Mn, Li iyingxenye ebalulekile yensimbi etholiwe.

Ngemva kokulungisa i-pH, ukukhethwa kwe-Al ne-Fe kuyakhethwa, futhi izakhi ezifana ne-Ni, Co, Mn, ne-Li ku-leach ziphinde zicutshungulwe. Izindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa kabusha zinemvula yamakhemikhali, ukuhlaziywa kukasawoti, indlela yokushintshanisa i-ion, indlela yokukhipha kanye nendlela yokubeka i-electrodeposition. Imizila yezobuchwepheshe namathrendi kumabhethri e-lithium-ion anamandla ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe: Inqubo emanzi kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-pyrolysis kuyinkambinkimbi yokuqhathanisa nezinkampani zangaphandle ezivamile zokubuyisela ibhethri inqubo yokubuyisela kabusha ingatholakala, okwamanje inqubo yokubuyisela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion evamile imanzi Inqubo kanye nebinzana lokushisa eliphezulu liyinhloko, futhi ingxenye enkulu itshalwe esigabeni sokukhiqiza izimboni.

Umnotho wokubuyisela i-Lithium, abakhiqizi bebhethri abazihlukanisayo noma imodeli yokuhlakaza yeqembu lesithathu yikhona okujwayelekile kusukela ngo-2015, ngokuqubuka kwemboni entsha yezimoto zamandla, kanye nesiqondiso sezinto zebhethri (ebheke ngakwizinto ze-nickel ternary) Ukuthuthukiswa), intengo ye-cobalt, i-nickel kanye ne-lithium carbonate / i-lithium hydroxide izokhuliswa yi-athomu. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubuyisela umnotho webhethri ye-lithium ion endala. I-average mileage yemoto yangasese ezweni lami icishe ibe amakhilomitha ayi-16,000.

Ngaphansi kwemibandela yokusetshenziswa kwezimoto ezizimele, impilo ewusizo yezimoto ezihlanzekile zikagesi / ze-plug-in cishe iminyaka emi-4 kuye kweyi-6; ibhasi elihlobene, Izimoto eziqashisayo, njll. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsimbi zebhethri ze-lithium-ion zihlukile. Ngokusho kwezikhungo ezigunyaziwe, ingxenye yezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimoto zikagesi namandla e-lithium yokuhamba ngebhayisikili ibikezelwa mayelana namabhethri e-lithium-ion ashukumisayo ekusasa lezwe lami.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2018, ibhethri elisha lezwe lami elilahliwe le-lithium-ion lizofinyelela ku-11.8GWH, futhi insimbi ehambisana nokugaywa kabusha ithi: nickel amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.8, i-cobalt, amathani angu-2003,400 we-manganese, amathani angu-03,400; kulinganiselwa ku-2023 Ngonyaka, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion esanda kuchithwa izofinyelela ku-101GWH, futhi insimbi ehambisana nokugaywa kabusha ithi: i-nickel amathani angu-119,000, i-cobalt, amathani angu-230,000, i-manganese, amathani angu-20,000 we-lithium.

Isikhungo esigunyaziwe kulindeleke ukuthi sibe nezinga elihlukile lokwehla kwamanye amanani ensimbi ngaphezu kwe-cobalt yensimbi. Ngokwalokhu, ngo-2018, usayizi wemakethe wensimbi engasetshenziswa kabusha uzofinyelela ku-1.4 billion yuan.

Cobalt 870 million yuan, 26 billion yuan; kuya ku-2023, inani lemakethe lensimbi evuselelekayo lingafinyelela i-nickel 8.4 billion yuan, i-cobalt yuan eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7.3, i-manganese manganese i-yuan eyizigidi ezingu-850, i-16.

6 billion yuan of lithium 14.6 billion yuan. Ngokusungula imodeli yokuhlola ukonga imali engenayo yezindleko zebhethri ye-lithium ion yamandla, imali engenayo yokukhishwa kwezinto zokubuyisela ingenziwa yilo modeli wezibalo olandelayo: I-BPRO ibonisa inzuzo yokubuyiselwa kwebhethri yamandla e-lithium-ion; I-CTOTAL imele ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kadoti amabhethri e-lithium-ion Isamba semali engenayo etholiwe; I-CDepReciation imelela izindleko zokwehla kwempahla yebhethri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo; I-CUSE ibonisa izindleko zokusetshenziswa kwenqubo yokutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla; I-CTAX isho intela yenkampani egaya kabusha ibhethri ye-lithium-ion.

Izindleko zokusebenzisa udoti oguquguqukayo wokutholwa kwebhethri le-lithium-ion kanye nensiza kabusha kubalulekile ukufaka lezi zindleko ezilandelayo (1) zempahla eluhlaza; (2) izindleko zezinto ezisizayo; (3) izindleko zamandla kaphethiloli; (4) izindleko zokulungisa izinto zokusebenza; (5) Izindleko zokuphatha imvelo; (6) izindleko zabasebenzi. Kusukela ezicini ezintathu ze-gross profit margin, ukuba nokwenzeka kanye nokusimama, izikhungo ezigunyaziwe zikholelwa ukuthi imodeli yabakhiqizi bebhethri ngokuqondile baphinde basebenzise ukwakheka kwemodi evaliwe kanye nendlela yokudiliza yochwepheshe yenkampani yangaphandle ukuze kuthengwe amabhethri alahlwayo kubakhiqizi bebhethri imodeli yamanje yamandla e-lithium kagesi ajwayelekile Futhi inomnotho ongcono esimweni sokutholwa kwenhlanganisela kagesi ye-lithium. Ake sithi: (1) Intengo yensimbi yamanje (215,000 yuan / ton, nickel 777 million yuan / ton, manganese 1 million / ton, lithium 700,000 yuan / ton, aluminium 126,000 yuan / ton, iron 0.

2 million / Amathani) futhi ungacabangi izinzuzo zokunye ukutakula; (2) Cabangela ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamandla amabhethri e-lithium ion (70% i-lithium iron phosphate, 7% lithium manganenate, ama-yuan amathathu 23%) Ibhethri ye-lithium ion yokululama ephelele; 3) Ngaphandle kwezinye izindleko ezingaphandle kwempahla eluhlaza: Izikhungo zenkampani yangaphandle zithola amabhethri e-lithium-ion kadoti kuma-workshop amancane kanye nenzuzo yenzuzo ebolile, efinyelela ku-60%; kulandelwa uhlobo lokugaywa kabusha kanye nokucutshungulwa kwemifelandawonye yezimboni, inzuzo eyisamba engama-45%. Kodwa-ke, ngalezi zindlela ezimbili, lowo wangaphambili (umuntu wesithathu: ukuthenga i-workshop encane) unezinkinga zokuphepha nezemvelo, futhi i-workshop encane yamanje ayizange ibone inani elikhulu lemboni yokubuyisela i-lithium-electric, intengo yokuthenga iphansi, ngakho le ndlela ayinayo I-Continuous; okwakamuva (umfelandawonye wezimboni) okwamanje mancane amathuba okuthi kube ngenxa yobumbano lwemithethonqubo yokuphatha efanele kanye nezimo ezingokomthetho, kodwa ikusasa lizoba ngenye yamathrendi. Ezinye izindlela ezintathu zingenzeka futhi zisimeme, kodwa imodeli yenzuzo eyinzuzo yabakhiqizi bamabhethri igaywe kabusha futhi yathenga amabhethri kadoti kubakhiqizi, ngakho izikhungo ezigunyaziwe zikholelwa ukuthi lezi ezimbili Imodi izohlanganisa imodi yamanje yokugaywa kabusha evamile.

Inani lokuthola kabusha le-ternary yebhethri liphakeme kunamanye amabhethri e-lithium ion amandla, anjengokubuyisela ibhethri le-lithium-ion elinezinhlangothi ezintathu, umenzi webhethri uphinde wasebenzisa imodeli kanye nemodeli yokuhlakaza yenkampani yangaphandle ekusetshenzisweni komkhiqizi wamabhethri asetshenzisiwe Inani lokutshalwa kwezimali kwekhwalithi (2016) Umkhawulo wenzuzo enkulu usufinyelele ku-55% futhi imboni yamandla kagesi izophinda ifinyelele ku-4% ngokulandelayo kancane kancane ukuzuza ukulingana, isikali kanye nomfelandawonye wezimboni eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo. Ngenxa yomphumela wayo wesilinganiso, izoba nesilinganiso esiphezulu senzuzo eyisamba. Ukwengeza, imodi yokuqala ephinde yagaywa ngumkhiqizi kanye nemodeli yokuhlakaza yenkampani yangaphandle ukuze kukhiqizwe amabhethri kadoti kusenomnotho oqinile.