Inkcazo ecacileyo ye-lithium-ion ibhetri yokuhlawulela, ukukhutshwa ngokugqithiseleyo, isiphaluka esifutshane sokukhusela isiphaluka

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Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ibhetri ehlaziywayo, kwaye ibhetri ye-lithium ion jikelele ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo ukuba kukho ibhetri enamanye amandla ombane. Umthamo webhetri ye-Lithium-ion yi-xxxmah, efana ne-1000mAh, i-1000mA yombane yangoku ingasetyenziselwa iyure enye. 500mA unikezelo lwamandla iiyure ezi-2.

Ngokunjalo njalo njalo. Ubomi kunye nendlela yokutshaja yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion ibhekisela kwinani lamaxesha entlawulo epheleleyo. Indlela yokutshaja: ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ukutshaja kancinci, ukutshaja okuncinci, ukutshaja rhoqo, njl.

Ingxaki yoyilo lwebhetri yeLithium-ion: ibhetri ye-lithium-ion overger, ukukhupha ngaphezulu kunokuchaphazela ubomi bebhetri. Nika ingqalelo kwi-voltage yokutshaja yeebhetri ze-lithium ion, ukutshaja okwangoku. Emva koko khetha i-chip yokutshaja efanelekileyo.

Qaphela ukuba kufuneka kubekho iingxaki ezifana ne-overchard, ngaphezulu, ukhuseleko olufutshane lwesiphaluka seebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Emva koyilo, kufuneka ube novavanyo oluninzi. Uyilo lwesekethe yokutshaja ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ikhethwe kwi-chip TP4056 njengomzekelo.

Lawula ubuninzi bangoku ngokuhambelana nokuchasana okufunyenweyo. Unokwenza isalathisi sokutshaja, esinokuyila iqondo lokushisa lokutshaja, yimalini engaphezulu yokubiza. Isiphaluka sokukhusela ukutshaja, ukudibanisa okukhethiweyo kwee-chips DW01 kunye ne-GTT8205 zinokuba zifutshane-zijikelezwe, kunye nokukhuselwa kokukhutshwa okungaphezulu.

Isekethe ibalulekile kwi-lithium ion ukhuseleko lwebhetri yesekethe ekhethekileyo edibeneyo ye-DW01, intlawulo, kunye nolawulo lokukhutshwa kwe-MOSFET1 (kubandakanywa ezimbini ze-N-channel MOSFETs), njl., ibhetri ye-lithium ion ye-monomer ixhunyiwe phakathi kwe-B + kunye ne-B-, ipakethe yebhetri ivela kwi-P + kunye ne-P-output voltage. Xa utshaja, i-voltage ephumayo yetshaja iqhagamshelwe phakathi kwe-P + kunye ne-P-, yangoku ukusuka kwi-B + kunye ne-B- B- ye-P + ukuya kwibhetri ye-monomer, kwaye emva koko ihlawule i-MOSFET ukuya kwi-P-.

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshaja, xa i-voltage yebhetri ye-monomer idlula i-4.35V, isibonakaliso se-OC sonyawo lwe-OC yesekethe edibeneyo edibeneyo ye-DW01 ibangela ukuba ulawulo lokutshaja lwe-MOSFET luvale, kwaye ibhetri ye-lithium ion iyeke ngokukhawuleza ukutshaja, inqanda ibhetri ye-lithium ion ukuba yonakaliswe kukutshaja. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha, xa i-voltage yebhetri ye-monomer ihla ukuya kwi-2.

I-30 V, i-OD pin isibonakaliso sokuphuma kwe-DW01 ibangela ukukhutshwa kokulawulwa kwe-MOSFET, kwaye ibhetri ye-lithium ion ngokukhawuleza iyayeka ukukhupha, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela ibhetri ye-lithium ion ukuba yonakaliswe ngokukhupha ngaphezulu, i-DW01 CS Unyawo lunyawo lwangoku lokubona, xa isiphumo sifutshane, ukujika kunye nokukhupha ibhetri kuvumela ukulawula umbane we-MOSCS unyawo lwandiswe, i-DW01 i-voltage inyuse i-voltage ye-DW. ukukhupha ulawulo MOSFET ukuvala phantsi, ngaloo ndlela ukuphumeza overcurrent okanye ukhuseleko lwesekethe elifutshane. Yintoni inzuzo yeebhetri ze-lithium ion? 1. Ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu 2.

Umbane osebenza kakhulu 3. Akukho mpembelelo yenkumbulo 4. Ubomi bokujikeleza 5.

Akukho ngcoliseko 6. Ubunzima bokukhanya 7. Ukuzikhupha ibhetri encinci ye-lithium polymer 1.

Akukho ngxaki yokuvuza kwebhetri, ibhetri yangaphakathi ayinayo i-electrolyte engamanzi, isebenzisa i-colloidal solid. 2. Yenza ibhetri ebhityileyo: enomthamo we-3.

I-6V400mAh, ubukhulu bayo bunokuba buncinci ukuya kwi-0.5mm. 3.

Ibhetri inokuyilwa ngendlela eyahlukahlukeneyo yeemilo 4. Ibhetri inokugobeka: ubuninzi bebhetri yepolymer inokugoba i-900 okanye i-5. Inokwenziwa ibe ngumbane ophezulu omnye: ibhetri ye-electrolyte engamanzi inokudityaniswa kuphela kuthotho kunye neebhetri ezininzi, i-voltage ephezulu, ephezulu Ibhetri ye-molecular inokufikelela kumbane ophezulu ngenxa yemizimba engamanzi ngokwayo.

7. Umthamo uya kuphinda kabini kunobukhulu obufanayo beebhetri ze-lithium ion. I-IEC ichaza ukuba uvavanyo lobomi bomjikelo webhetri ye-lithium ion yile: ibhetri ibekwe ku-0.

I-2c ukuya kwi-3.0V / isebe 1.1C rhoqo intlawulo yoxinzelelo lwangoku oluqhubekayo ukuya kwi-4.

Umhla wokugqibela we-2V 20mA I-shelving yiyure eyi-1 kwaye ikhutshwe kwi-0.2c ukuya kwi-3.0V (i-loop) Umjikelo ophindaphindiweyo we-500 emva kokuba umthamo kufuneka ube ngaphezu kwe-60% yomthamo wokuqala.

Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokususwa kwentlawulo yebhetri ye-lithium-ion (i-IEC ayinayo imigangatho efanelekileyo). Ibhetri Emva kwe 25 degrees Celsius ibekwe kwi 0.2c ukuya ku 3.

0 / isebe, uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lwangoku luhlawuliswa kwi-4.2V, i-cutoff current yi-10mA, kwaye emva kweentsuku ezingama-28 zeqondo lokushisa yi-20 + _5, ikhutshwe kwi-2.75V yokubala nge-0.

2C. Umthamo wokukhupha Yintoni ukuzithiba kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri zesibini Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomlinganiselo wokuzikhupha? Ukuzikhupha kwakhona kwaziwa ngokubiza umthamo, kubhekiselele kumthamo wokugcina ibhetri phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo kwisiseko esithile sokusingqongileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuzikhupha kubalulekile kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa, izinto eziphathekayo, iimeko zokugcina, ukuzikhupha ngenye yeeparitha ezibalulekileyo zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwebhetri.

Ngokubanzi, ubushushu bokugcina ibhetri busezantsi, isantya sokuzikhupha sisezantsi, kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iqondo lobushushu lisezantsi kakhulu okanye liphezulu kakhulu, elinokubangela umonakalo webhetri. Ibhetri eqhelekileyo ye-BYD ifuna uluhlu lobushushu bokugcina ukuya kwi -20 ~ 45. Emva kokuba ibhetri izaliswe ngumbane, yinqanaba elithile lokuzikhupha.

Umgangatho we-IEC uchaza ukuba i-nickel-cadmium kunye ne-nickel-hydrogen ibhetri izaliswe ngumbane, kwaye ukuvulwa kumile iintsuku ezingama-28, kwaye ixesha lokukhutshwa kwe-0.2c likhulu kuneeyure ze-3 kunye neeyure ze-3, amanqaku angama-15. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo zebhetri zokutshaja, umlinganiselo wokuzikhupha kwiseli yelanga ye-electrolyte uphantsi kakhulu, malunga ne-10% phantsi kwe-25 / ngenyanga.

Yintoni ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwebhetri? Ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kubhekiselele ekuxhathiseni kwibhetri ekusebenzeni, okuqhelekileyo kwahlulwe kwi-internal resistance kunye ne-DC yangaphakathi. Ekubeni ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri yokutshaja kuncinci. Ngenxa yokuchasana kwangaphakathi komlambo, ngenxa ye-electrode capacity polarization, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwe-polarized kuboniswa, kwaye ixabiso layo lokwenene alinakulinganiswa, kwaye umphumo we-AC ukuchasana kwangaphakathi ukhululiwe kwi-polarized ukumelana kwangaphakathi, kwaye ixabiso langaphakathi langempela lifunyenwe.

Indlela yovavanyo yile: kusetyenziswa ibhetri elingana nokuchasana okusebenzayo, uthotho lwenkqubo efana ne-1000Hz, 50 mA, kunye nothotho lokusetyenzwa okufana nokucoca isampula yesampulu yokucoca, njl. njl., ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ixabiso lokumelana. Yintoni uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri? Ingakanani ibhetri yoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwangaphakathi? Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri lubangelwa uxinzelelo olwenziwe yigesi eyenzeka ngexesha lokuhlawula kunye nenkqubo yokukhupha.

Okubalulekileyo kuchaphazelekayo yimiba yeenkqubo zokuvelisa izinto zebhetri, izakhiwo, njl. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lugcinwa kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo. Kwimeko yokugqithiswa okanye ukugqithisa, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lunokuphakama: ukuba isantya sokuphendula okudibeneyo singaphantsi kwesantya sokuchithwa kwe-decomposition, igesi eyenzekayo ayidingeki ukuba idliwe, okubangelwa uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwibhetri.

Yintoni uvavanyo loxinzelelo? Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwe-lithium ion ibhetri: (umgangatho we-UL) Ibhetri ye-analog iphantsi kokuphakama okuphezulu (uxinzelelo lomoya ophantsi 11.6kpa) kwinqanaba lolwandle (uxinzelelo lomoya ophantsi 11.6kpa), khangela ukuba ibhetri ivuza okanye igubhu.

Iinkcukacha: ukuhlawula ibhetri 1C rhoqo yangoku I-voltage eqhubekayo ihlawuliswa kwi-4.2V, i-cutoff yi-10mA, ize ifakwe kwibhokisi yoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-11.6 kPa, iqondo lokushisa li (20 + _3), kwaye ibhetri ayiqhume, umlilo, ukuqhekeka, ukuvuza.

Ubushushu be-Ambient Yintoni impembelelo ekusebenzeni kwebhetri? Kuzo zonke iimeko zokusingqongileyo, iqondo lobushushu kwintlawulo yebhetri kunye nokusebenza kokukhutshwa kolona likhulu, kwaye ukusabela kwe-electrochemical kwi-electrode / electrolyte interface inxulumene nobushushu be-ambient, i-electrode / electrolyte interface ithathwa njengebhetri. intliziyo. Ukuba iqondo lobushushu liyehla, isantya sokusabela kwe-electrode nayo iyancipha, kucingwa ukuba i-voltage yebhetri igcinwa ingaguquguquki, i-discharge current ithotyiwe, kunye nokuphuma kwamandla ebhetri nako kuya kuwa.

Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liyenyuka, oko kukuthi, amandla okuvelisa ibhetri aya kunyuka, iqondo lokushisa lichaphazela ubushushu besantya sokuhanjiswa kwe-electrolyte, isantya, ubushushu bokudlulisa buyancipha, ukuhanjiswa kuhamba kancinci, kwaye intlawulo yebhetri kunye nokusebenza kokukhutshwa kuya kuchaphazeleka. Nangona kunjalo, iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, ngaphezu kwe-45, eya konakalisa ibhalansi yeekhemikhali kwibhetri, okubangela indlela yokulawula i-sub-reactance overcharge, ukukhusela ibhetri egqithisiweyo, ukulawula i-endpoint yokutshaja, kuya kubakho ukufumaneka koLwazi olukhethekileyo ukufumanisa ukuba ukutshaja kufikelela ekupheleni. Kukho ezi ndlela zintandathu zilandelayo jikelele zokuthintela ukuba ibhetri ingagxili kakhulu: 1.

Ulawulo lombane oluphezulu: Ukugweba ukuphela kokutshaja ngokuqaphela amandla ombane aphezulu ebhetri; 2. Ulawulo lwe-DT / DT: Ukugweba ukuphela kokutshaja ngokubona izinga lokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa eliphezulu lebhetri; Ulawulo lwe-3.T: Umahluko phakathi kwebhetri igcwele umbane kunye nobushushu be-ambient iya kwandiswa; 4.

-V Ulawulo: Emva kokuba ibhetri ihlawuliswe kwi-voltage ephezulu, i-voltage iya kulahla ixabiso elithile 5. Ulawulo lwexesha: Ngokumisela ezithile Ixesha lokutshaja lilawula indawo yokuphela kokutshaja, ebekwe ngokubanzi ukuhlawula ixesha elifunekayo ukubiza i-130% umthamo wamagama; Ukulawulwa kwe-6.TCO: Ukuqwalasela ukhuseleko kunye neempawu zebhetri kufuneka zithintele ukushisa okuphezulu (ngaphandle kwebhetri yeqondo lokushisa eliphezulu), ngoko xa ibhetri Xa iqondo lokushisa linyuka ngama-60, ukutshaja kufuneka kumiswe.

Yintoni i-overchaout, yintoni impembelelo ekusebenzeni kwebhetri? Ukutshajwa ngokutsha kuthetha ukuba ibhetri igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo, emva koko iqhubeke ukutshaja. Ekubeni umthamo we-electrode ongalunganga uphezulu kunomthamo we-electrode efanelekileyo, igesi eveliswa yi-electrode efanelekileyo ihambisa i-cadmium compression yephepha le-diaphragm kunye ne-electrode engalunganga. Ke ngoko, ngokubanzi, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri aluyi kunyuswa kakhulu, kodwa ukuba umsinga wokutshaja mkhulu kakhulu, ixesha lokutshaja lide kakhulu, ioksijini eyenzeka kade kakhulu ukuba ingasetyenziswa, enokubangela ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, ukuguqulwa kwebhetri, kunye nokuvuza.

Ukulinda iziganeko ezimbi. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukusebenza kwayo kombane kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Yintoni ukukhupha ngokugqithisileyo? Yintoni ephenjelelwa ekusebenzeni kwebhetri? Emva kokuba ibhetri ibekwe, i-voltage ifikelela kwixabiso elithile, kwaye ukukhutshwa kuya kubangela ukukhutshwa ngokugqithiseleyo, okuqhelekileyo kunqunywe ngokuhambelana nokukhutshwa kwangoku ukumisela ukuchithwa kwe-voltage cutoff.

Ukukhutshwa kwe-0.2C-2C ngokuqhelekileyo kumiselwe i-1.0V / isebe, i-3C okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye ukukhutshwa kwe-5C okanye i-10C imiselwe kwi-0.

I-8V / isebe, ukugqithisa kwebhetri kunokuzisa iziphumo eziyingozi kwibhetri, ngakumbi umsinga omkhulu, okanye ukuphindaphinda ukuphinda-phinda isiphumo sebhetri kukhulu. Ngokubanzi, ukukhutshwa okugqithisileyo kuya kwandisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri, kwaye into esebenzayo kunye nengalunganga iyabuyiselwa umva, nokuba ukutshaja kunokubuyiselwa kuphela ngokuyinxenye, umthamo uya kuthotywa kakhulu. Yintoni ingxaki ngebhetri indibaniselwano yesakhono esahlukileyo? Ukuba usebenzisa amandla ahlukeneyo okanye iibhetri zexesha elitsha, kunokwenzeka ukubonisa i-phenomenon yokuvuza, i-voltage zero.

Oku kungenxa yenkqubo yokutshaja, kwaye ezinye iibhetri zihlawuliswa kakhulu ngexesha lokutshaja. Ezinye iibhetri azigcwaliswa ngombane, kwaye ibhetri inomthamo ophezulu ongagcwaliswanga, kwaye umthamo uphantsi. Isangqa esinjalo esikhohlakeleyo, ibhetri yonakele kwaye i-liquid okanye i-low (zero) voltage.

Kuthini ukugqabhuka kwebhetri ukuthintela ugqabhuko-dubulo lwebhetri? Into eqinileyo ekwibhetri ikhutshwa ngoko nangoko, kwaye ityhalelwa kumgama osuka kuma-25 cm ngaphezu kwebhetri, ebizwa ngokuba kukudubula. Uqhambuko lwebhetri oluneenkcukacha okanye hayi, usebenzisa le miqathango ilandelayo. Isandla kwibhetri yovavanyo, ibhetri iphakathi, kwaye i-net cover yi-25cm.

Inethiwekhi inobuninzi beengcambu ze-6-7 / cm. Intambo yenethiwekhi isebenzisa ucingo oluthambileyo lwe-aluminiyam olunobubanzi obuyi-0.25 mm.

Ukuba inxenye eqinileyo yovavanyo yasimahla idlula isigqubuthelo senetha, ibhetri ayikagqabhuka. Ingxaki ye-tandem ye-lithium ion ibhetri Ekubeni ibhetri iqala kwifilimu yokugubungela ukuba ibe yimveliso egqityiweyo, kuyimfuneko ukudlula amanyathelo amaninzi. Nokuba kukho iinkqubo zokufumanisa ngokungqongqo, amandla ombane, ukuxhathisa, umthamo weseti nganye yamandla iyahambelana, kodwa iya kubonakala ngolu hlobo okanye umahluko onje.

Njengewele likamama, lisenokukhula kanye kanye ngoku, yaye kunzima ukwahlula njengomama. Nangona kunjalo, xa abantwana ababini bekhula, kuya kubakho ukwahlukana okunjalo okanye okunjalo kwiibhetri ze-lithium. Emva kokusebenzisa umehluko kwixesha elithile, indlela yokulawula umbane jikelele isetyenzisiweyo kunzima ukuyifaka kwibhetri ye-lithium yamandla e-lithium, efana ne-36V yebhetri yebhetri, kwaye kufuneka idibaniswe ngokulandelelana kunye neebhetri ze-10.

I-voltage yokulawula ukutshaja iyonke yi-42V, kwaye i-voltage yokulawula ukukhutshwa yi-26V. Ngendlela yokulawula amandla ombane xa iyonke, isigaba sokuqala sokusetyenziswa silunge ngakumbi kuba ukungaguquguquki kwebhetri kulungile. Mhlawumbi akukho ngxaki.

Emva kokusebenzisa ixesha elithile, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kunye ne-voltage eguquguqukayo, yenza imeko engahambelaniyo, (engahambelaniyo i-absolute, i-consistency ihlobene) Ngeli xesha lisasebenzisa ulawulo lombane jikelele ngaphandle kokuphumeza injongo yalo. Ngokomzekelo, i-voltage yeebhetri ezimbini kwi-2.8V, i-voltage yeebhetri ezine yi-3.

I-2V, kwaye ngoku i-voltage iyonke i-32V, kwaye siyivumela ukuba iqhubeke ukuyikhupha ngalo lonke ixesha ukuze isebenze i-26V. Ngale ndlela, iibhetri ezimbini ze-2.8V zingaphantsi kwe-2.

6V. Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion iye yalingana ne-scrap. Ngokuchasene noko, ukutshaja kuqhutyelwa ngendlela yokulawula ukutshaja, kwaye kuya kuba neemeko ezigqithisileyo.

Ngokomzekelo, ukutshaja i-voltage state ngexesha leebhetri ezili-10 ezingentla. Xa i-voltage iyonke ifikelela kwi-42V, iibhetri ezimbini ze-2.8V zilambile, ngelixa ukufakwa kombane ngokukhawuleza, kuya kudlula i-4.

I-2V, kunye ne-overcharged ngaphezu kwe-4.2V iibhetri, kungekhona nje ngenxa yombane ophezulu, kodwa kunye nengozi, ezi ziimpawu zeebhetri ze-lithium ezinikwe amandla. Umbane olinganiselweyo webhetri ye-lithium ion yi-3.

I-6V (ezinye iimveliso ziyi-3.7V). I-voltage yokuphelisa ukutshaja inxulumene nombane webhetri inxulumene nesixhobo se-anode yebhetri: izinto ze-anode yi-4.

I-2V yegraphite; izinto ze-anode yi-4.1V ye-coke. Ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-anode kukwahluke, kwaye ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwe-coke anode kuphezulu, kwaye i-curve yayo yokukhupha nayo ihluke kancinane, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.

Ibizwa ngokuba yi-4.1V lithium ion ibhetri kunye ne-4.2V lithium ion ibhetri.

Uninzi lokusetyenziswa kwe-4.2V, i-voltage yokuyeka ukukhutshwa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion yi-2.5V ~ 2.

I-75V (iplanti yebhetri inika uluhlu lwe-voltage yokusebenza okanye inika i-voltage discharge yokupheliswa, ipharamitha nganye ihluke kancinci). Ingaphantsi kokupheliswa kwe-voltage yokukhupha ukuqhubeka nokukhupha, kwaye ibhetri iya kulimaza ibhetri. Iimveliso zombane eziphathwayo zinikwa amandla njengebhetri.

Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweemveliso eziphathekayo, inani leebhetri ezahlukahlukeneyo liye landa, kwaye iibhetri ezininzi ezintsha zenziwe. Ukongeza kwiibhetri ze-alkaline ezisebenza kakhulu oqhelene nazo ngakumbi, i-nickel-cadmium etshajwayo kwakhona, kwaye kukho iibhetri ze-lithium-ion eziphuhliswe kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Eli nqaku libalulekile ukwazisa ulwazi olusisiseko malunga neebhetri ze-lithium-ion.

Oku kubandakanya iimpawu zayo, iiparamitha ezibalulekileyo, imodeli, uluhlu lwesicelo kunye nezilumkiso, njl. I-Lithium yinto yentsimbi, eyi-Li (igama layo lesiNgesi elithi lithium). Yintsimbi emhlophe, ethambileyo kakhulu, enekhemikhali, eyona ikhaphukhaphu kwintsimbi.

Ukongeza kokusetyenziswa kwimboni yamandla e-athomu, inokwenza i-alloys ezikhethekileyo, iglasi ekhethekileyo (iglasi yesikrini se-fluorescent kumabonwakude) kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Kwibhetri ye-lithium ion esetyenziswa njenge-anode yebhetri. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion nazo zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: iindidi ezimbini ezingahlawuliswayo kwaye ziphinde zitshajwe.

Ibhetri engatshajwayo ibizwa ngokuba yibhetri elahlwayo, enokuguqula amandla ekhemikhali abe kumandla ombane, kwaye ayinako ukucutha ukucuthwa kwamandla ombane kumandla ekhemikhali (okanye ukusebenza kokuncipha kumbi kakhulu). Ibhetri egcwalisekayo ibizwa ngokuba yibhetri yesibini (ekwaziwa njengebhetri). Iyakwazi ukuguqula amandla abe yikhemikhali yamandla, xa isetyenziswa, emva koko iguqule amandla ekhemikhali kumandla ombane, iguqulwa, njengento ebalulekileyo yebhetri ye-electrochemical lithium ion.

Imveliso ye-elektroniki ephathekayo ifuna ubungakanani bokukhanya, kodwa ubukhulu kunye nobunzima bebhetri buhlala buba bukhulu kwaye bubaluleke kakhulu kunezinye izinto zombane. Umzekelo, ubhuti omkhulu ofuna unyaka utyebile, unzima, kwaye iselula yanamhlanje ilula kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo, ukuphuculwa kwebhetri yinjongo ebalulekileyo: ixesha elidlulileyo ibhetri ye-nickel-cadmium, kwaye ngoku ibhetri ye-lithium-ion.

Olona phawu lubalaseleyo lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion luphezulu kunamandla. Yintoni enye amandla? Amandla abhekisa kumandla ngamandla obunzima beyunithi okanye umthamo weyunithi. Imele i-WH / KG okanye i-WH / L yamandla.

Iyunithi yiyunithi yamandla, W yi-watt, H yiyure; kg yikhilogram (iyunithi yobunzima), L ilitha (iyunithi yomthamo). Apha, umzekelo kukuchaza ukuba i-voltage elinganisiweyo ye-No. Ibhetri ye-nickel-cadmium yi-12V, amandla ayo yi-800mAh, kwaye amandla ayo yi-096Wh (12V).×08ah).

Ubungakanani obufanayo be-5 lithium -canium dioxide ibhetri ine-voltage elinganisiweyo ye-3V, enomthamo we-1200mAh, kwaye amandla ayo yi-36Wh. Umthamo wezi bhetri zimbini ziyafana, ngoko umlinganiselo wamandla webhetri ye-lithium-manganese dioxide ngamaxesha angama-375 ibhetri ye-nickel-cadmium! I-5-nickel-cadmium ibhetri imalunga ne-23g, kunye nebhetri enye ye-lithium-manganese dioxide Dazhong 18g. Ibhetri enye ye-lithium-manganese dioxide yi-3V, ngelixa iibhetri ezimbini ze-nickel-cadmium ziyi-24V kuphela.

Ngoko ke, inani leebhetri kwibhetri xa usebenzisa ibhetri ye-lithium-ion (ukunciphisa umthamo wemveliso ye-elektroniki ephathekayo kunciphisa ubunzima bobuthixo), kwaye ibhetri isebenza. Ukongeza, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ineenzuzo ze-voltage yokukhutshwa okuzinzile, uluhlu olubanzi lobushushu bokusebenza, izinga eliphantsi lokuzikhupha, ubomi obude bokugcina, akukho mpembelelo yememori kunye nokungcola. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezingahlawulekiyo azikwazi ukuhlawulelwa iibhetri ze-lithium ion, okwangoku zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo iibhetri ze-lithium-manganese dioxide, iibhetri ze-lithium thionyl chloride kunye ne-lithium kunye nezinye iibhetri ezidibeneyo.

Eli nqaku lazisa kuphela ezimbini eziphezulu ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. I-1, ibhetri ye-lithium-manganese dioxide (LIMNO2) ibhetri ye-lithium-manganese dioxide ibhetri elahlayo esekelwe kwi-lithium njenge-anode, i-manganese dioxide njenge-cathode, kunye nokusebenzisa i-organic electrolyte liquid. Into ebalulekileyo yebhetri kukuba i-voltage yebhethri iphezulu, i-voltage elinganisiweyo yi-3V (okuyi-2 amaxesha ebhetri ye-alkaline jikelele); i-voltage yokukhupha ukupheliswa yi-2V; isixa sikhulu kunamandla (jonga umzekelo ongentla); i-voltage yokukhupha izinzile kwaye inokwethenjelwa; Ukusebenza kokugcina (ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-3), izinga lokukhupha eliphantsi (izinga lokuzikhupha ngonyaka 2%); uluhlu lobushushu bokusebenza -20 ¡ã C ~ + 60 ¡ã C.

Ibhetri inokwenziwa kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo, inoxande, i-cylindrical kunye namaqhosha (amaqhosha). I-Cylindrical nayo inobubanzi obuhlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu obuphezulu. Nantsi ipharamitha ebalulekileyo ye-1 # (ubungakanani bekhowudi D), 2 # (ikhowudi yobungakanani C), kunye ne-5 # (ubungakanani bekhowudi AA) ibhetri eyaziwayo ngakumbi.

I-Cr imelwe njengebhetri ye-cylindrical lithium-manganese dioxide; kumadijithi amahlanu, amabini okuqala amele ubukhulu bebhetri, kwaye amathathu okugqibela abonisa umphakamo wedesimali. Ngokomzekelo, i-CR14505 inobubanzi be-14 mm kunye nobude be-505 mm (lo mzekelo uphelele). Apha, kucaciswa ukuba iiparamitha zemodeli efanayo eveliswa zizityalo ezahlukeneyo zinokuba nentlukwano ethile.

Ukuqhubela phambili, ukukhutshwa okusemgangathweni kwangoku ixabiso langoku lincinci, kwaye ukukhutshwa kwangoku kwangoku kunokuba mkhulu kunokukhutshwa okusemgangathweni okwangoku, kwaye ukukhutshwa okuvumelekileyo ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-pulse kukwahluke, kwaye idatha inikezelwa yifektri yebhetri. Ngokomzekelo, i-CR14505 eveliswe yi-Li Qixi inkampani yamandla inika ubuninzi bokukhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo kwe-1000mA, kwaye ubuninzi be-pulse discharge current inokufikelela kwi-2500mA. Uninzi lweebhetri ze-lithium ion ezisetyenziswa kwikhamera ziibhetri ze-lithium-manganese dioxide.

Apha, iiseli ze-lithium-manganese dioxide ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwikhamera zibandakanyiwe kwiThebhile 2 ukuze kubhekiselwe kuyo. Iqhosha (iqhosha) ibhetri lincinci, ububanzi bayo buyi-125 ~ 245mm, ukuphakama yi-16 ~ 50mm. Amaqhosha amaninzi aqhelekileyo abonisiwe kwiThebhile yesi-3.

I-Cr yi-cylindrical lithium-manganese dioxide ibhetri, kwaye iidijithi ezimbini zokuqala kwiidijithi ezine ziyimilinganiselo yedayamitha yebhetri, kwaye ezimbini zokugqibela zinomlinganiselo ophezulu kunye nenqaku lokugqibela. Umzekelo, ububanzi be-CR1220 yi-125 mm (ngaphandle kwenani lamanqaku e-decimal), okuyi-20mm ubude. Lo mfuziselo wokumelwa ngowehlabathi jikelele.

Iibhetri ezilolu hlobo zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiwotshi, i-calculator, i-electronic notepad, ikhamera, uncedo lokuva, ikhonsoli yomdlalo wevidiyo, ikhadi le-IC, ukunikezelwa kwamandla okugcina, njl. I-2, ibhetri ye-lithium-thionyl chloride (LISOCL2) ibhetri ye-lithium-thionyl chloride yenye yamandla aphezulu, okwangoku i-500Wh / kg okanye i-1000Wh / L inqanaba. I-voltage yayo elinganisiweyo yi-36V, eneempawu zokukhutshwa kwe-34V ezicatshileyo (zinokukhutshwa ngaphakathi kwe-90% yoluhlu lwamandla) kunye nokukhutshwa okuphakathi kwangoku, ukugcina utshintsho oluninzi).

Ibhetri ingasebenza kuluhlu lwe -40 ¡ã C ~ + 85 ¡ã C, kodwa umthamo kwi -40 ¡ã C malunga ne-50% yomthamo weqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo. Izinga lokuzikhupha liphantsi (izinga lokuzikhupha ngonyaka liyi-1%), kwaye ubomi bokugcina bungaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Ukuthelekiswa kwe-1 # (ikhowudi ye-dimensional d) ibhetri ye-nickel-cadmium kunye ne-1 # ibhetri ye-lithium-thionyl chloride ithelekiswa: 1 # ibhetri ye-nickel-cadmium yi-12V, umthamo we-5000mAh; I-1 # i-lithium-thionyl chloride I-voltage elinganisiweyo yi-36V, umthamo ngu-10000mAh, kwaye ukugqibela kumaxesha angama-6 ngaphezu kwamandla kuneyangaphambili! Izilumkiso zesicelo Ezi zimbini iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zingasentla ziibhetri ezilahlwayo, azihlawulisi (kukho ingozi xa utshaja!); Ibhetri i-positive kunye ne-negative Akukho sekethi emfutshane; akunakwenzeka ukukhupha ngokugqithiseleyo (ukugqithisa ukukhutshwa kokukhutshwa kwangoku); xa ibhetri isetyenziselwa ukuphelisa i-voltage yokukhupha, kufuneka ithathwe ngexesha kwimveliso ye-electron; ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri akucudiswanga, kutshiswe kwaye kuqhawuke; ayinakugqitha kuluhlu lobushushu obuchaziweyo losetyenziso.

Ekubeni i-voltage yebhetri ye-lithium ion iphezulu kunebhetri eqhelekileyo okanye ibhetri ye-nickel-cadmium, musa ukwenza iimpazamo ukuphepha umonakalo kwisekethe. Ngokuqhelana ne-Cr, i-ER inokuqonda uhlobo lwayo kunye ne-voltage elinganisiweyo. Xa uthengela ibhetri entsha, qiniseka ukuba uthenge ngokwemodeli yasekuqaleni, ngaphandle koko kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kweemveliso zombane.

Ityala: Kutshanje, abanye abantwana baye baqeqeshelwa ukwenza iirobhothi, abazali abajonge phambili kakhulu bavakalelwa kukuba ndikulungele ukundinika umntwana ngaphandle kobunjineli bam. Enyanisweni, njengenjineli, kukusebenzisa izixhobo ezithile zomdlalo (ezifana ne-Arduino, i-Raspberry Pivoting yokunciphisa uphuhliso lwebhodi yophuhliso olunzima), vumela umntwana wakho aqhagamshelane ne-hardware kunye nesofthiwe kwangaphambili, kunye nolawulo oluthile, ulwazi olunxulumene nenzwa. Kodwa abantwana basakuvuyela kakhulu ukuba nenxaxheba.

Ngenxa yokuba abantwana bebancinci kakhulu, badityaniswe irobhothi ekrelekrele, ngokwenene impumelelo enkulu. Abantwana basavuya kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki yokwenyani iyeza, kuba uyilo lwangoku, ukunikezelwa kwamandla ngokuthe ngqo kusetyenziso lwamandla aphezulu njengomqhubi wemoto, i-servo, njl.

Xa abantwana bedlala eyona nto imnandi, ndafumanisa ukuba ibhetri ifile. Abantwana abaninzi abawucimi umbane ngexesha emva kokuba irobhothi isebenze. Ukugqithelana.

Ekugqibeleni, sineebhetri ezininzi ezilahliweyo. Ngoko ke kufuneka silungise iisekethe ezikhoyo. Kodwa umsebenzi wotshintsho ukhulu kakhulu, kwaye uluhlu lwezinto ezikhoyo azikwazi ukusetyenziswa, okubangela inkunkuma.

Abantwana balahliwe, sonke sikhululekile ukuba sitshintshe, silandele ulwaneliseko olukhulu lwabathengi. Ekuqaleni, ndacinga ukuba: Ukusebenzisa ubutyebi bokutshaja, kodwa ubutyebi bokutshaja ngokuqhelekileyo busetyenziselwa ukutshaja ifowuni ephathwayo, ubuninzi bemveliso yangoku ngokubanzi kwi-0.5a ​​okanye i-1A (ubuncwane obutshaja kakhulu kwimarike), ayikwazi ukuqhuba umqhubi wemoto, kunye ne-2A, 3A Ubuncwane bokutshaja, ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu.

Ngaphezu koko, i-voltage iphantsi, ibangela isantya esisezantsi semoto. Ke sifumana iisekethe ezikhoyo ngokongeza intlawulo yebhetri ye-lithium-ion kunye nokukhutshwa. Oku akukhathazeki, ngexesha lendibano, ezinye iisekethe ezimfutshane, kunye namatyala okubeka ngaphezulu kunoku prev.