Inkcazo ecacileyo ye-lithium-ion ibhetri yokugqithiswa kwebhetri, ukukhutshwa ngokugqithiseleyo, isiphaluka esifutshane sokukhusela isiphaluka

Umbhali :Iflowpower-UMboneleli weSikhululo saMandla esiphathwayo

Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ibhetri ehlawulekayo, kwaye ibhetri ye-lithium ion jikelele ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo ukuba kukho ibhetri enamanye amandla ombane. Umthamo webhetri ye-Lithium-ion yi-xxxmah, efana ne-1000mAh, i-1000mA yombane yangoku ingasetyenziselwa iyure enye. 500mA unikezelo lwamandla iiyure ezi-2.

Ngokunjalo njalo njalo. Ubomi kunye nendlela yokutshaja yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion ibhekisela kwinani lamaxesha entlawulo epheleleyo. Indlela yokutshaja: ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ukutshaja kancinci, ukutshaja okuncinci, ukutshaja rhoqo, njl.

Ingxaki yoyilo lwebhetri yeLithium-ion: ibhetri ye-lithium-ion overger, ukukhutshwa okugqithisileyo kunokuchaphazela ubomi bebhetri. Nika ingqalelo kwi-voltage yokutshaja yeebhetri ze-lithium ion, ukutshaja okwangoku. Emva koko khetha i-chip yokutshaja efanelekileyo.

Qaphela ukuba kufuneka kubekho iingxaki ezifana ne-overchard, ngaphezulu, ukhuseleko olufutshane lwesiphaluka seebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Emva koyilo, kufuneka ube novavanyo oluninzi. Uyilo lwesekethe yokutshaja ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ikhethwe kwi-chip TP4056 njengomzekelo.

Lawula ubuninzi bangoku ngokuhambelana nokuchasana okufunyenweyo. Unokwenza isalathisi sokutshaja, esinokuyila iqondo lokushisa lokutshaja, yimalini engaphezulu yokubiza. Isiphaluka sokukhusela ukutshaja, ukudibanisa okukhethiweyo kwee-chips i-DW01 kunye ne-GTT8205 ingaba yi-short-circuited, kunye nokukhuselwa kokukhutshwa okungaphezulu.

Isekethe ibalulekile ekukhuselweni kwebhetri ye-lithium ion ekhethekileyo yesekethe edibeneyo ye-DW01, intlawulo, kunye nolawulo lokukhutshwa kwe-MOSFET1 (kubandakanywa nee-MOSFET ezimbini ze-N-channel), njl. ivela kwi-P + kunye ne-P-output voltage. Xa utshaja, amandla ombane wokuphuma kwetshaja aqhagamshelwe phakathi kwe-P + kunye ne-P-, yangoku ukusuka kwi-B + kunye ne-B- B- ye-P + ukuya kwibhetri ye-monomer, kwaye emva koko uhlawule i-MOSFET ukuya kwi-P-.

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshaja, xa amandla ombane ebhetri ye-monomer edlula i-4.35V, isignali ye-OC yonyawo lwesekethe edityanisiweyo ye-DW01 ibangela ukuba ulawulo lokutshaja lwe-MOSFET luvale, kwaye ibhetri ye-lithium ion ngoko nangoko iyeke ukutshaja, inqanda ibhetri ye-lithium ion. ekonakalisweni kukutshaja kakhulu. Ngexesha lokukhutshwa, xa i-voltage yebhetri ye-monomer ihla ukuya kwi-2.

I-30 V, isibonakaliso se-OD pin yesiphumo se-DW01 ibangela ukukhutshwa kokulawulwa kwe-MOSFET, kwaye ibhetri ye-lithium ion ngokukhawuleza iyayeka ukukhupha, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela ibhetri ye-lithium ion ukuba yonakaliswe ngokukhupha ngaphezulu, i-DW01 CS Unyawo lunyawo lwangoku lokubona, xa isiphumo sifutshane, ukujika kunye nokulawula ukukhutshwa kwe-MOSFET kuye kwanda, i-voltage yeenyawo ze-CS ngokukhawuleza, isibonakaliso se-DW01 semveliso yenza ukuba i-MOSFET ihlawule kwaye ikhuphe ukulawula ukuvala, ngaloo ndlela ifezekise ukukhuselwa kwe-overcurrent okanye i-short circuit. Yintoni inzuzo yeebhetri ze-lithium ion? 1. Uxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu 2.

Amandla ombane aphezulu okusebenza 3. Akukho mpembelelo yenkumbulo 4. Ubomi bokujikeleza 5.

Akukho ngcoliseko 6. Ubunzima bokukhanya 7. Ukuzikhupha ibhetri encinci ye-lithium polymer 1.

Akukho ngxaki yokuvuza kwebhetri, ibhetri yangaphakathi ayinayo i-electrolyte engamanzi, isebenzisa i-colloidal solid. 2. Yenza ibhetri ebhityileyo: enomthamo we-3.

I-6V400mAh, ubukhulu bayo bunokuba buncinci ukuya kwi-0.5mm. 3.

Ibhetri ingenziwa ukuba ibe yimilo eyahlukeneyo 4. Ibhetri inokugobeka: ubuninzi bebhetri yepolymer inokugoba i-900 okanye kunjalo 5. Inokwenziwa ibe yi-voltage eyodwa ephezulu: ibhetri ye-electrolyte engamanzi inokudityaniswa kuphela kuthotho. kunye neebhetri ezininzi, amandla ombane aphezulu, aphezulu Ibhetri yemolekyuli inokufikelela kumbane ophezulu ngenxa yemizimba engamanzi ngokwayo.

7. Umthamo uya kuphindwe kabini kunobukhulu obufanayo beebhetri ze-lithium ion. I-IEC ixela ukuba uvavanyo lobomi bomjikelo webhetri ye-lithium ion yile: ibhetri ibekwe ku-0.

I-2c ukuya kwi-3.0V / isebe 1.1C rhoqo intlawulo yoxinzelelo lwangoku oluqhubekayo ukuya kwi-4.

Umhla wokugqibela we-2V 20mA I-shelving yiyure eyi-1 kwaye ikhutshwe kwi-0.2c ukuya kwi-3.0V (i-loop) Umjikelo ophindaphindiweyo we-500 emva kokuba umthamo kufuneka ube ngaphezu kwe-60% yomthamo wokuqala.

Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokususwa kwentlawulo yebhethri ye-lithium-ion (IEC ayinayo imigangatho efanelekileyo). Ibhetri Emva kwe 25 degrees Celsius ibekwe kwi 0.2c ukuya ku 3.

0 / isebe, uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lwangoku luhlawuliswa kwi-4.2V, i-cutoff current yi-10mA, kwaye emva kweentsuku ezingama-28 zeqondo lokushisa yi-20 + _5, ikhutshwe kwi-2.75V yokubala nge-0.

2C. Ukukhupha umthamo Yintoni ukuzithiba kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri zesibini Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomlinganiselo wokuzikhupha? Ukuzikhupha ngokwako kuyaziwa ngokuhlawulisa umthamo, kubhekisela kumandla okugcinwa kwebhetri phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo kwisiseko esithile sokusingqongileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuzikhupha ngokwakho kubalulekile kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa, izinto eziphathekayo, iimeko zokugcina, ukuzikhupha ngenye yeeparitha ezibalulekileyo zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwebhetri.

Ngokubanzi, ubushushu bokugcina ibhetri busezantsi, ukuthoba izinga lokuzikhupha, kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubushushu buphantsi kakhulu okanye buphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo enokubangela ukonakala kwebhetri. Ibhetri ye-BYD eqhelekileyo idinga uluhlu lobushushu bokugcina ukuya -20 ~ 45. Emva kokuba ibhetri izaliswe ngumbane, iqondo elithile lokuzikhupha.

Umgangatho we-IEC uchaza ukuba i-nickel-cadmium kunye ne-nickel-hydrogen ibhetri izaliswe ngumbane, kwaye ukuvulwa kumile iintsuku ezingama-28, kwaye ixesha lokukhutshwa kwe-0.2c likhulu kuneeyure ze-3 kunye neeyure ze-3, amanqaku angama-15. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo zebhetri zokutshaja, umlinganiselo wokuzikhupha kwiseli yelanga ye-electrolyte uphantsi kakhulu, malunga ne-10% phantsi kwe-25 / ngenyanga.

Yintoni ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwebhetri? Ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kubhekiselele ekuxhathiseni ibhetri ekusebenzeni, okuqhelekileyo kwahlula ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kunye ne-DC yangaphakathi. Ekubeni ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri yokutshaja kuncinci. Ngenxa yokuchasana kwangaphakathi komjelo, ngenxa ye-electrode umthamo we-polarization, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwe-polarized kubonisiwe, kwaye ixabiso layo lokwenene alinakulinganiswa, kwaye umphumo we-AC ukuchasana kwangaphakathi ukhululiwe kwi-polarized internal resistance, kunye neyokwenene yangaphakathi. ixabiso lifunyenwe.

Indlela yovavanyo yile: kusetyenziswa ibhetri elingana nokuchasana okusebenzayo, uthotho lwenkqubo efana ne-1000Hz, i-50 mA, kunye nothotho lokusetyenzwa olufana nokucoca isampuli yombane, njl.njl., ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ixabiso lokumelana. Yintoni uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri? Ingakanani ibhetri yoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwangaphakathi? Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri lubangelwa uxinzelelo olwenziwe yigesi eyenzeka ngexesha lokuhlawula kunye nenkqubo yokukhupha.

Okubalulekileyo kuchaphazelekayo yimiba yeenkqubo zokuvelisa izinto zebhetri, izakhiwo, njl. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lugcinwa kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo. Kwimeko yokugqithiswa okanye ukugqithiswa, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lunokuphakama: ukuba isantya sempendulo edibeneyo singaphantsi kwesantya sokuchithwa kwe-decomposition, igesi eyenzekayo ayidingeki ukuba idliwe, okubangelwa uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwibhetri.

Yintoni uvavanyo loxinzelelo? Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwe-lithium ion ibhetri: (umgangatho we-UL) Ibhetri ye-analog iphantsi kokuphakama okuphezulu (uxinzelelo lomoya ophantsi 11.6kpa) kwinqanaba lolwandle (uxinzelelo lomoya ophantsi 11.6kpa), khangela ukuba ibhetri ivuza okanye igubhu.

Iinkcukacha: ukuhlawulisa ibhetri 1C rhoqo yangoku Umbane oqhubekayo uhlawuliswa kwi-4.2V, i-cutoff yi-10mA, kwaye emva koko ifakwe kwibhokisi yoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-11.6 kPa, iqondo lokushisa li (20 + _3), kwaye ibhetri ayiqhume, umlilo. , ukuqhekeka, ukuvuza.

Ubushushu be-Ambient Yintoni impembelelo ekusebenzeni kwebhetri? Kuzo zonke iimeko zokusingqongileyo, iqondo lobushushu kwintlawulo yebhetri kunye nokusebenza kokuphuma kolona likhulu, kwaye ukusabela kwe-electrochemical kwi-electrode / electrolyte interface ihambelana nobushushu be-ambient, i-electrode / electrolyte interface ithathwa njengebhetri. intliziyo. Ukuba iqondo lobushushu liyehla, izinga lokusabela kwe-electrode nalo liyehla, kucingwa ukuba i-voltage yebhetri igcinwa ingaguquguquki, i-discharge current ithotyiwe, kunye nokuphuma kwamandla ebhetri nako kuya kuwa.

Ukuba iqondo lobushushu liyenyuka, oko kukuthi, amandla ebhetri aya kunyuka, iqondo lobushushu lichaphazela isantya sothumelo lwe-electrolyte, isantya, iqondo lobushushu bokudlulisa liyathotywa, ukuhanjiswa kucotha, kunye nentlawulo yebhetri kunye nokusebenza kokukhutshwa. nayo iya kuchaphazeleka. Nangona kunjalo, iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, ngaphezu kwe-45, eya konakalisa ibhalansi yeekhemikhali kwibhetri, okubangela indlela yokulawula i-sub-reactance overcharge, ukukhusela ibhetri ehlawulelwayo, ukulawula ukuphela kokutshaja, kuya kubakho. ukufumaneka kolwazi olukhethekileyo ukumisela ukuba ukutshaja kufikelela esiphelweni. Kukho ezi ndlela zintandathu zilandelayo jikelele zokuthintela ukuba ibhetri ingagxili kakhulu: 1.

Ulawulo lombane oluphezulu: Ukugweba ukuphela kokutshaja ngokuqaphela amandla ombane aphezulu ebhetri; 2. Ulawulo lwe-DT / DT: Ukugweba ukuphela kokutshaja ngokufumanisa iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu lokutshintsha kwebhetri; Ulawulo lwe-3.T: Umahluko phakathi kwebhetri igcwele umbane kunye nobushushu be-ambient iya kwandiswa; 4.

-V Ukulawula: Emva kokuba ibhetri ihlawuliswe kwi-voltage ye-peak, i-voltage iya kulahla ixabiso elithile 5. Ukulawula ixesha: Ngokumisela okuthile Ixesha lokutshaja lilawula indawo yokuphela kokutshaja, ebekwe ngokubanzi ukuhlawula ixesha elifunekayo ukutshaja i-130 % umthamo wegama; Ukulawulwa kwe-6.TCO: Ukuqwalasela ukhuseleko kunye neempawu zebhetri kufuneka zithintele ukushisa okuphezulu (ngaphandle kwebhetri yezinga eliphezulu), ngoko xa ibhetri Xa iqondo lokushisa linyuka nge-60, ukutshaja kufuneka kumiswe.

Yintoni i-overchaout, yintoni impembelelo ekusebenzeni kwebhetri? Ukutshajwa ngokutsha kuthetha ukuba ibhetri igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo, emva koko iqhubeke ukutshaja. Ekubeni umthamo ongalunganga we-electrode uphezulu kunomthamo ofanelekileyo we-electrode, igesi eveliswa yi-electrode efanelekileyo ihambisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-cadmium yephepha le-diaphragm kunye ne-electrode engalunganga. Ngoko ke, ngokubanzi, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri aluyi kunyuswa kakhulu, kodwa ukuba umjelo wokutshaja ukhulu kakhulu, ixesha lokutshaja lide kakhulu, i-oksijeni eyenzeka emva kwexesha ukuba idle, enokubangela ukunyuka kwengcinezelo yangaphakathi. , ukuguqulwa kwebhetri, kunye nokuvuza.

Ukulinda iziganeko ezimbi. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukusebenza kwayo kombane kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Yintoni ukukhupha ngokugqithisileyo? Yintoni ephenjelelwa ekusebenzeni kwebhetri? Emva kokuba ibhetri ibekwe, i-voltage ifikelela kwixabiso elithile, kwaye ukukhutshwa kuya kubangela ukukhutshwa ngokugqithiseleyo, okuqhelekileyo kunqunywe ngokuhambelana nokukhutshwa kwangoku ukugqiba i-discharge cutoff voltage.

Ukukhutshwa kwe-0.2C-2C ngokuqhelekileyo kumiselwe i-1.0V / isebe, i-3C okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye ukukhutshwa kwe-5C okanye i-10C imiselwe kwi-0.

I-8V / isebe, ukugqithisa kwebhetri kunokuzisa iziphumo eziyingozi kwibhetri, ngakumbi umsinga omkhulu, okanye ukuphindaphinda ukuphinda-phinda isiphumo sebhetri kukhulu. Ngokubanzi, ukukhutshwa okugqithisileyo kuya kwandisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri, kwaye into esebenzayo kunye nengalunganga iyabuyiselwa umva, nokuba ukutshaja kunokubuyiselwa kuphela ngokuyinxenye, umthamo uya kuthotywa kakhulu. Yintoni ingxaki ngendibaniselwano yebhetri yomthamo owahlukileyo? Ukuba usebenzisa amandla ahlukeneyo okanye iibhetri zexesha elitsha, kunokwenzeka ukubonisa i-phenomenon yokuvuza, i-voltage zero.

Oku kungenxa yenkqubo yokutshaja, kwaye ezinye iibhetri zihlawuliswa kakhulu ngexesha lokutshaja. Ezinye iibhetri azigcwaliswa ngombane, kwaye ibhetri inomthamo ophezulu ongagcwaliswanga, kwaye umthamo uphantsi. Isangqa esinjalo esibi, ibhetri yonakele kwaye i-liquid okanye i-voltage ephantsi (zero).

Kuthini ukugqabhuka kwebhetri ukuthintela ugqabhuko-dubulo lwebhetri? Into eqinileyo ekwibhetri ikhutshwa ngoko nangoko, kwaye ityhalelwa kumgama osuka kuma-25 cm ngaphezu kwebhetri, okubizwa ngokuba kukudubula. Uqhambuko lwebhetri oluneenkcukacha okanye hayi, usebenzisa le miqathango ilandelayo. Isandla kwibhetri yovavanyo, ibhetri iphakathi, kwaye i-net cover yi-25cm.

Inethiwekhi inobuninzi beengcambu ze-6-7 / cm. Intambo yenethiwekhi isebenzisa ucingo oluthambileyo lwe-aluminiyam olunobubanzi obuyi-0.25 mm.

Ukuba inxenye eqinileyo yovavanyo yasimahla igqithisa isiciko senethi, ibhetri ayikaqhushumba. Ingxaki ye-tandem ye-lithium ion ibhetri Ekubeni ibhetri iqala kwifilimu yokugubungela ukuba ibe yimveliso egqityiweyo, kuyimfuneko ukudlula amanyathelo amaninzi. Nokuba kukho iinkqubo zokufumanisa ngokungqongqo, amandla ombane, ukuxhathisa, umthamo weseti nganye yamandla iyahambelana, kodwa iya kubonakala ngathi le okanye umahluko onje.

Njengewele likamama, lisenokukhula kanye kanye ngoku, yaye kunzima ukwahlula njengomama. Nangona kunjalo, xa abantwana ababini bekhula, kuya kubakho ukwahlukana okunjalo okanye okunjalo kwiibhetri ze-lithium. Emva kokusebenzisa umehluko kwixesha elithile, indlela yokulawula umbane jikelele isetyenzisiweyo kunzima ukuyifaka kwi-lithium yamandla e-lithium ibhetri, njenge-36V ibhetri yebhetri, kwaye kufuneka idibaniswe ngokulandelelana kunye neebhetri ze-10.

I-voltage yokulawula ukutshaja iyonke yi-42V, kwaye i-voltage yokulawula ukukhutshwa yi-26V. Ngendlela yokulawula amandla ombane xa iyonke, isigaba sokuqala sokusetyenziswa silunge ngakumbi kuba ukungaguquguquki kwebhetri kulungile. Mhlawumbi akukho ngxaki.

Emva kokusebenzisa ixesha elithile, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kunye ne-voltage eguquguqukayo, yenze imeko engahambelaniyo, (engahambelaniyo i-absolute, i-consistency ihlobene) Ngeli xesha lisasebenzisa ulawulo lombane jikelele ngaphandle kokuphumeza injongo yalo. Ngokomzekelo, i-voltage yeebhetri ezimbini kwi-2.8V, i-voltage yeebhetri ezine yi-3.

I-2V, kwaye ngoku i-voltage iyonke i-32V, kwaye siyivumela ukuba iqhubeke ukuyikhupha ngalo lonke ixesha ukuze isebenze i-26V. Ngale ndlela, iibhetri ezimbini ze-2.8V zingaphantsi kwe-2.

6V. Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion iye yalingana ne-scrap. Ngokuchasene noko, ukutshaja kuqhutyelwa ngendlela yokulawula ukutshaja, kwaye kuya kuba neemeko ezigqithisileyo.

Ngokomzekelo, ukutshaja i-voltage state ngexesha leebhetri ze-10 ezingentla. Xa i-voltage iyonke ifikelela kwi-42V, iibhetri ezimbini ze-2.8V zilambile, ngelixa ukufunxa ngokukhawuleza kombane, kuya kudlula i-4.

I-2V, kunye ne-overcharged ngaphezu kwe-4.2V iibhetri, kungekhona nje ngenxa yombane ophezulu, kodwa kunye nengozi, ezi ziimpawu zeebhetri ze-lithium ezinikwe amandla. Umthamo olinganisiweyo webhetri ye-lithium ion yi-3.

I-6V (ezinye iimveliso ziyi-3.7V). I-voltage yokuphelisa ukutshaja inxulumene nombane webhetri inxulumene nesixhobo se-anode yebhetri: izinto ze-anode yi-4.

I-2V yegraphite; izinto ze-anode yi-4.1V ye-coke. Ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-anode kukwahluke, kwaye ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwe-coke anode kuphezulu, kwaye i-curve yayo yokukhupha nayo ihluke kancinane, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.

Ibizwa ngokuba yi-4.1V lithium ion ibhetri kunye ne-4.2V lithium ion ibhetri.

Uninzi lokusetyenziswa kwe-4.2V, i-voltage yokuyeka ukukhutshwa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion yi-2.5V ~ 2.

I-75V (iplanti yebhetri inika uluhlu lwe-voltage yokusebenza okanye inika i-voltage discharge yokupheliswa, ipharamitha nganye ihluke kancinci). Ingaphantsi kokupheliswa kwe-voltage yokukhupha ukuqhubeka nokukhupha, kwaye ibhetri iya kulimaza ibhetri. Iimveliso zombane eziphathwayo zinikwa amandla njengebhetri.

Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweemveliso eziphathekayo, inani leebhetri ezahlukahlukeneyo liye landa, kwaye ezininzi iibhetri ezintsha zenziwe. Ukongeza kwiibhetri ze-alkaline ezisebenza kakhulu oqhelene nazo, i-nickel-cadmium etshajwayo kwakhona, kwaye kukho iibhetri ze-lithium-ion eziphuhliswe kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Eli nqaku libalulekile ukwazisa ulwazi olusisiseko malunga neebhetri ze-lithium-ion.

Oku kubandakanya iimpawu zayo, iiparitha ezibalulekileyo, imodeli, uluhlu lwesicelo kunye nezilumkiso, njl njl. I-Lithium yinto yensimbi, eyi-Li (igama layo lesiNgesi lithium). Yintsimbi emhlophe, ethambileyo kakhulu, enekhemikhali, eyona ikhaphukhaphu kwintsimbi.

Ukongeza kokusetyenziswa kwimboni yamandla e-athomu, inokwenza i-alloys ezikhethekileyo, iglasi ekhethekileyo (iglasi yesikrini se-fluorescent kumabonwakude) kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Kwibhetri ye-lithium ion esetyenziswa njenge-anode yebhetri. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion nazo zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: iindidi ezimbini ezingahlawuliswayo kwaye ziphinde zitshajwe.

Ibhetri engatshajwayo ibizwa ngokuba yibhetri elahlwayo, enokuguqula amandla ekhemikhali abe kumandla ombane, kwaye ayinako ukucutha ukucuthwa kwamandla ombane kumandla ekhemikhali (okanye ukusebenza kokuncipha kumbi kakhulu). Ibhetri egcwalisekayo ibizwa ngokuba yibhetri yesibini (ekwaziwa njengebhetri). Iyakwazi ukuguqula amandla abe ngamandla ekhemikhali, xa isetyenziswa, emva koko iguqule amandla ekhemikhali kumandla ombane, iyabuyiswa, njengento ebalulekileyo yebhetri ye-electrochemical lithium ion.

Imveliso ye-elektroniki ephathekayo ifuna ubungakanani bokukhanya, kodwa ubukhulu kunye nobunzima bebhetri buhlala buba bukhulu kwaye bubaluleke kakhulu kunezinye izinto zombane. Umzekelo, ubhuti omkhulu ofuna unyaka utyebile, unzima, kwaye iselula yanamhlanje ilula kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo, ukuphuculwa kwebhetri yinjongo ebalulekileyo: ixesha elidlulileyo ibhetri ye-nickel-cadmium, kwaye ngoku ibhetri ye-lithium-ion.

Olona phawu lubalaseleyo lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion luphezulu kunamandla. Yintoni enye amandla? Amandla abhekisa kumandla ngamandla obunzima beyunithi okanye umthamo weyunithi. Imele i-WH / KG okanye i-WH / L yamandla.

Iyunithi yiyunithi yamandla, W yi-watt, H yiyure; kg yikhilogram (iyunithi yobunzima), L ilitha (iyunithi yomthamo). Apha, umzekelo kukuchaza ukuba i-voltage elinganisiweyo ye-No. 5 ye-nickel-cadmium ibhetri yi-12V, umthamo wayo ngu-800mAh, kwaye amandla ayo yi-096Wh (12V).×08ah).

Ubungakanani obufanayo be-5 lithium -canium dioxide ibhetri ine-voltage elinganisiweyo ye-3V, enomthamo we-1200mAh, kwaye amandla ayo yi-36Wh. Umthamo wezi bhetri zimbini ziyafana, ngoko umlinganiselo wamandla webhetri ye-lithium-manganese dioxide ngamaxesha angama-375 ibhetri ye-nickel-cadmium! I-5-nickel-cadmium ibhetri imalunga ne-23g, kunye nebhetri enye ye-lithium-manganese dioxide Dazhong 18g. Ibhetri ye-lithium-manganese dioxide yi-3V, ngelixa iibhetri ezimbini ze-nickel-cadmium ziyi-24V kuphela.

Ngoko ke, inani leebhetri kwibhetri xa usebenzisa ibhetri ye-lithium-ion (ukunciphisa umthamo wemveliso ye-elektroniki ephathekayo kunciphisa ubunzima bobuthixo), kwaye ibhetri isebenza. Ukongeza, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ineenzuzo ze-voltage yokukhutshwa okuzinzile, uluhlu olubanzi lobushushu bokusebenza, izinga eliphantsi lokuzikhupha, ubomi obude bokugcina, akukho mpembelelo yememori kunye nongcoliseko. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezingahlawulekiyo azikwazi ukuhlawuleka iibhetri ze-lithium ion, okwangoku zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo iibhetri ze-lithium-manganese dioxide, iibhetri ze-lithium thionyl chloride kunye ne-lithium kunye nezinye iibhetri ezidibeneyo.

Eli nqaku lazisa kuphela ezimbini eziphezulu ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. I-1, ibhetri ye-lithium-manganese dioxide (LIMNO2) ibhetri ye-lithium-manganese dioxide ibhetri elahlayo esekelwe kwi-lithium njenge-anode, i-manganese dioxide njenge-cathode, kunye nokusebenzisa i-organic electrolyte liquid. Into ebalulekileyo yebhetri kukuba i-voltage yebhethri iphezulu, i-voltage elinganisiweyo yi-3V (okuyi-2 amaxesha ebhetri ye-alkaline jikelele); i-voltage yokukhupha ukupheliswa yi-2V; isixa sikhulu kunamandla (jonga umzekelo ongentla); i-voltage yokukhupha izinzile kwaye inokwethenjelwa; Ukusebenza kokugcinwa (ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-3), izinga lokukhupha eliphantsi (izinga lokuzikhupha ngonyaka 2%); uluhlu lobushushu lokusebenza -20 ¡ã C ~ + 60 ¡ã C.

Ibhetri ingenziwa kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo, inoxande, i-cylindrical kunye namaqhosha (amaqhosha). I-Cylindrical nayo inobubanzi obuhlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu obuphezulu. Nantsi ipharamitha ebalulekileyo ye-1 # (ubungakanani bekhowudi D), 2 # (ubungakanani bekhowudi C), kunye ne-5 # (ubungakanani bekhowudi AA) ibhetri eyaziwayo ngakumbi.

I-Cr imelwe njengebhetri ye-cylindrical lithium-manganese dioxide; kumadijithi amahlanu, amabini okuqala amele ubukhulu bebhetri, kwaye amathathu okugqibela abonisa umphakamo wedesimali. Ngokomzekelo, i-CR14505 inobubanzi be-14 mm kunye nobude be-505 mm (lo mzekelo uphelele). Apha, kucaciswa ukuba iiparamitha zemodeli efanayo eveliswa zizityalo ezahlukeneyo zinokuba nentlukwano ethile.

Ukuqhubela phambili, ukukhutshwa okusemgangathweni kwangoku ixabiso langoku lincinci, kwaye ukukhutshwa kwangoku kwangoku kunokuba mkhulu kunokukhutshwa okusemgangathweni okwangoku, kwaye ukukhutshwa okuvumelekileyo ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-pulse kukwahluke, kwaye idatha inikezelwa yifektri yebhetri. Ngokomzekelo, i-CR14505 eveliswe yi-Li Qixi inkampani yamandla inika ubuninzi bokukhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo kwe-1000mA, kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-pulse ephezulu kunokufikelela kwi-2500mA. Uninzi lweebhetri ze-lithium ion ezisetyenziswa kwikhamera ziibhetri ze-lithium-manganese dioxide.

Apha, iiseli ze-lithium-manganese dioxide ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwikhamera zibandakanyiwe kwiThebhile 2 ukuze kubhekiselwe kuyo. Iqhosha (iqhosha) ibhetri lincinci, ububanzi bayo buyi-125 ~ 245mm, ukuphakama yi-16 ~ 50mm. Amaqhosha amaninzi aqhelekileyo abonisiwe kwiThebhile yesi-3.

I-Cr yi-cylindrical lithium-manganese dioxide ibhetri, kwaye idijithi ezimbini zokuqala kwidijithi ezine ziyimilinganiselo yedayamitha yebhetri, kwaye ezi zimbini zokugqibela zinomlinganiselo ophezulu kunye nenqaku ledesimali. Umzekelo, ububanzi be-CR1220 yi-125 mm (ngaphandle kwenani lamanqaku e-decimal), okuyi-20mm ubude. Lo mfuziselo wokumelwa ukwihlabathi jikelele.

Iibhetri zebhanti ezinjalo zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiwotshi, i-calculator, i-electronic notepad, ikhamera, i-aid yokuva, i-console yomdlalo wevidiyo, ikhadi le-IC, ukunikezelwa kwamandla okugcina, njl. awona mandla aphezulu, okwangoku angama-500Wh / kg okanye inqanaba le-1000Wh / L. I-voltage yayo elinganisiweyo yi-36V, eneempawu zokukhutshwa kwe-34V ezicatshileyo (zinokukhutshwa ngaphakathi kwe-90% yoluhlu lwamandla) kunye nokukhutshwa okuphakathi kwangoku, ukugcina utshintsho oluninzi).

Ibhetri ingasebenza kuluhlu lwe -40 ¡ã C ~ + 85 ¡ã C, kodwa umthamo kwi -40 ¡ã C malunga ne-50% yomthamo weqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo. Izinga lokuzikhupha liphantsi (izinga lokuzikhupha ngonyaka liyi-1%), kwaye ubomi bokugcina bungaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Ukuthelekiswa kwe-1 # (ikhowudi ye-dimensional d) ibhetri ye-nickel-cadmium kunye ne-1 # ibhetri ye-lithium-thionyl chloride ithelekiswa: 1 # ibhetri ye-nickel-cadmium yi-12V, umthamo we-5000mAh; I-1 # i-lithium-thionyl chloride I-voltage elinganisiweyo yi-36V, umthamo ngu-10000mAh, kwaye ukugqibela kumaxesha angama-6 ngaphezu kwamandla kuneyangaphambili! Izilumkiso zesicelo Ezi zimbini iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zingasentla ziibhetri ezilahlwayo, azihlawulisi (kukho ingozi xa utshaja!); Ibhetri i-positive kunye ne-negative Akukho sekethi emfutshane; akunakwenzeka ukukhupha ngokugqithiseleyo (ukugqithisa ukukhutshwa kokukhutshwa kwangoku); xa ibhetri isetyenziselwa ukuphelisa i-voltage yokukhupha, kufuneka ithathwe ngexesha kwimveliso ye-electron; ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri akucudiswanga, kutshiswe kwaye kuqhawuke; ayinakugqitha kuluhlu lobushushu obuchaziweyo losetyenziso.

Ekubeni i-voltage yebhetri ye-lithium ion iphezulu kunebhetri eqhelekileyo okanye ibhetri ye-nickel-cadmium, musa ukwenza iimpazamo ukuphepha umonakalo kwisekethe. Ngokuqhelana ne-Cr, i-ER inokuqonda uhlobo lwayo kunye ne-voltage elinganisiweyo. Xa uthengela ibhetri entsha, qiniseka ukuba uthenge ngokwemodeli yasekuqaleni, ngaphandle koko kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kweemveliso zombane.

Ityala: Kutshanje, abanye abantwana baye baqeqeshelwa ukwenza iirobhothi, abazali abajonge phambili bavakalelwa kukuba ndikulungele ukundinika umntwana ngaphandle kobunjineli bam. Enyanisweni, njengenjineli, kukusebenzisa izixhobo ezithile zomdlalo (ezifana ne-Arduino, i-Raspberry Pivoting yokunciphisa uphuhliso lwebhodi yophuhliso olunzima), vumela umntwana wakho aqhagamshelane ne-hardware kunye nesofthiwe kwangaphambili, kunye nolawulo oluthile, ulwazi olunxulumene noluvo. Kodwa abantwana basakuvuyela kakhulu ukuba nenxaxheba.

Ngenxa yokuba abantwana bebancinci kakhulu, badityaniswe irobhothi ekrelekrele, ngokwenene impumelelo enkulu. Abantwana basavuya kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki yenyani iyeza, kuba uyilo lwangoku, ukunikezelwa kwamandla ngokuthe ngqo kusetyenziso lwamandla aphezulu njengomqhubi wemoto, i-servo, njl.

Xa abantwana bedlala eyona nto imnandi, ndafumanisa ukuba ibhetri ifile. Abantwana abaninzi abawucimi umbane ngexesha emva kokuba irobhothi isebenze. Ukugqithelana.

Ekugqibeleni, sineebhetri ezininzi ezilahliweyo. Ngoko ke kufuneka silungise iisekethe ezikhoyo. Kodwa umsebenzi wotshintsho ukhulu kakhulu, kwaye uluhlu lweemveliso ezikhoyo alukwazi ukusetyenziswa, okubangela inkunkuma.

Abantwana balahliwe, sonke sikhululekile ukuba sitshintshe, silandele ulwaneliseko olukhulu lwabathengi. Ekuqaleni, ndacinga ukuba: Ukusebenzisa ubutyebi bokutshaja, kodwa ubutyebi bokutshaja buhlala busetyenziselwa ukutshaja ifowuni ephathwayo, ubuninzi bemveliso yangoku bukwi-0.5a ​​okanye i-1A (ubutyebi obutshaja kakhulu kwimarike), ayinakuqhuba umqhubi wemoto, kwaye 2A, 3A Ukutshaja ubutyebi, ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu.

Ngaphezu koko, i-voltage iphantsi, ibangela isantya esisezantsi se-motor. Ke sifumana iisekethe ezikhoyo ngokongeza intlawulo yebhetri ye-lithium-ion kunye nokukhutshwa. Oku akukhathazeki, ngexesha lendibano, ezinye iisekethe ezimfutshane, kunye namatyala okubeka ngaphezulu kunoku prev.