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According to reports, researchers of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) of the US Department of Energy have released a survey report, and the technical, market, supervision barriers of lithium-ion batteries were created and analyzed. Energy storage systems and electric vehicles (EVs) are now growing in the demand for lithium-ion batteries. However, the current life cycle of the battery is almost unidirectional, from manufacturing to the consumption to scrap, almost no reuse or recycling.
NREL analyst said that there is only one lithium-ion battery recycling facility today. In order to reconsider the unidirectional life cycle of the battery, the NREL team evaluates the reproduction and recycling of high-capacity lithium ion batteries used in electric vehicles and battery energy storage systems. They find that reuse and recycling batteries can create more opportunities for the US market, stabilize battery supply chains, reduce environmental impact, and relieve resource tight conditions.
They also found that the circular economy will get more value from the battery energy storage system. Battery materials will be reused, recycled or refurbished multiple times. Three obstacle researchers point out, technology, infrastructure.
The process is the obstacle to the current lithium ion battery recycling. For example, the design and composition of lithium ion batteries varies depending on the manufacturer, which makes it difficult to design standard flows to economically efficiently use or recycle battery materials. In addition, the public reliability information is small regarding the state or quantity of the lithium-ion battery, or for other uses.
Analysts recommends research, development, analysis and incentive measures funded by the US government, as well as information exchange to increase knowledge and promote private investment. According to their survey, NREL analyst highlighted existing regulations that may affect lithium-ion battery installation and power grid. The head of the investigation project, NREL analyst TaylorCurtis said, California or New York and other states are revising regulations to ensure that the requirements connected to the grid are suitable for battery energy storage systems.
Curtis pointed out: "Considering that the grid interconnect regulations are not set for the energy storage system, this is a great progress. "The regulations of battery waste classification are facing another challenge. It is still unclear how to define the retired lithium-ion batteries based on scrap regulations.
In July 2020, the US federal government has no policy directly involves the decommissioning of battery energy storage systems, and there is no regulation to force or excite the reuse or recycling of lithium-ion batteries. In general, the retired lithium-ion battery is often considered a hazardous waste, and the regulations are also different from the United States Judicial jurisdiction, and organizational and individuals who do not comply with regulations may face penalties. Punishment in certain states, violations of hazardous waste or regulations is more stringent than US federal regulations.
For example, the report says that deliberate or lack of violations of the legal or regulations of California, and violations can be fined $ 70,000 per day. The report said that the US Environmental Protection Department has formulated alternative supervision measures for recycling of materials such as lead-acid batteries. The purpose of these rules is to encourage collection and recycling of hazardous waste.
NREL's survey report pointed out that the effective recovery of lithium-ion batteries can alleviate people's concerns about environmental responsibility, making it more economical to recover more ideal. .
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