Kutheni iimoto zombane zithandwa kakhulu?

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Soláthraí Stáisiún Cumhachta Inaistrithe

Enyanisweni, ijolise "kwi-overcharge", kwaye iinkampani zemoto zamandla amatsha zenze izicwangciso zeqhinga lokutshaja ezihambelanayo, ezifana nokukhawulela amandla okutshaja, ixesha lokubhuka, njl., zama ukuthintela ukugcwalisa ibhetri yenye yale misebenzi. I-1 ye-lithium-ion yebhetri ye-taboo ezaliswe yi-iPhone entsha efanayo ebhengezwe ngokufanayo, ayixhasi i-5G ye-iPhone11 uchungechunge, kwaye yabeka amaza emva kokubhengezwa; ukutya abantu bemelon kuxutywe nothotho lwe-iPhone11, kodwa ndinomdla kakhulu yinguqulelo entsha ye-iOS13.

I-1 ityhalwe nge-19 kaSeptemba ibonelela ngomsebenzi we-"Optimized Battery Charging", yandisa ubomi bebhetri ngokulawula amandla okutshaja, ulawulo lwexesha. Kwihlabathi leefowuni eziphathwayo, i-iPhone ivulekile kwisango lokulawula ukutshaja, kodwa kwimoto yombane, oku kuxhaphake kakhulu, enyanisweni, imoto yakho isenokunganeliseki ngokupheleleyo, okanye kungcono ukuba ungayivumeli ukuba iphuphume, uyayiqonda? Inkqubo yamva nje yePush IOS13.1 yongeze umsebenzi othi "Optimized Battery Charging", eyilelwe ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri esebenzisa i-IOS13.

isixhobo esi-1; Inkqubo iya kuphinda iqalise ngaphezulu kwe-80% yebhetri ngokufunda abasebenzisi umkhwa wokutshaja imini. , Iya kuhlawuliswa kuphela kwi-100% xa umsebenzisi efuna. Iimeko zokusetyenziswa kweebhetri zeselfowuni zinokuba zilungile.

Kwiimoto zombane, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwebhetri ye-lithium yamandla anzima kakhulu, kwaye sinobomi obude bebhetri ye-lithium, ngoko ke ibhetri ye-lithium ion yemoto yombane sele ixhotyiswe ngemisebenzi yokulawula ukutshaja. Sukudlula kwindlela elungileyo. Yintoni ibhetri yeLithium-ion ngo-Okthobha we-9, i-2019 yeNobel Chemical Award inike izazinzulu ezintathu ezenza igalelo eliqinileyo kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion - uJohnb (Johnb).

Goodenough, M. UStanley Wit Tinhan (M. StanleyWhittingham, Ji Naki (Akirayoshino).

Namhlanje, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ikwimarike yesibini yebhetri, ngakumbi kwimarike yebhetri ye-lithium yemoto yombane, "ivumba", kodwa ekuqaleni, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ngokwenene iguqulwe yibhetri ye-lithium-ion. Kwibhetri, siyaqonda ukuba ii-electron zihlawuliswa kakubi, kwaye kufuneka zihambe ukusuka kwi-electrode engafanelekanga yebhetri ukuya kwi-electrode efanelekileyo, efuna ukuba i-electrode engalunganga yebhetri ibe lula ukulahlekelwa yi-elektroniki, kwaye kwi-element element, "i-lithium" kulula ukulahlekelwa yi-elektroniki; ngoko I-lithium ion ibhetri ye-positive i-manganese dioxide okanye i-thionyl chloride (i-oxide yensimbi okanye enye i-oxidant), kunye ne-electrode engafanelekanga i-lithium yensimbi. Ukukhutshwa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion ngokwenene kukusabela kwe-oxidative ye-electrode, ngoko ke ipakethe yebhetri ye-lithium ion igqityiwe, kwaye isiphaluka esivaliweyo sihlawuliswa, kodwa ukuba ibhetri yensimbi ye-lithium ihlawuliswa, ingaphakathi lenziwe ngokulula ukwenza iikristale ze-lithium, okubangela ukuba ibhetri yesekethe emfutshane, ngoko ke ibhetri ye-lithium ivimbela ukutshaja, ngoko ke "ibhetri ye-lithium" eyaziwa ngokuba yiprayimari.

Kwiminyaka ye-1980, ezinye izazinzulu zafumanisa ukuba i-ion ze-lithium zineempawu ze-graphite edibeneyo, kunye nenkqubo eguqulwayo, ngoko ukuzalwa kokuqala "ibhetri ye-ion ye-lithium" kunye ne-carbon compound njenge-electrode efanelekileyo ekuzalweni kokuqala. Ekubeni intlawulo yebhetri kunye nenkqubo yokukhupha ayinayo i-lithium yensimbi, i-lithium ion kuphela ithatha inxaxheba ekuphenduleni, ukuze ihlukanise "ibhetri yensimbi ye-lithium" ekhankanywe ngasentla, iibhetri ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuba yi-lithium ion ibhetri. Ngokungafani nebhetri yensimbi ye-lithium, ibhetri ye-lithium ion inokuhlawuliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye ikhuphe, kwaye ukuhlawulwa kunye nokukhupha ukusabela kukhuselekile (ngenxa yobukho be-lithium lithium), ngoku sisebenzisa ibhetri yemoto yombane usebenzisa ibhetri ye-lithium ion.

Kutheni ibhetri ye-lithium ion ingenakuzaliswa ngaphezulu, sithetha ukuba ibhetri ye-lithium-ion inokuhlawuliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye ikhuphe, kodwa kutheni ungadluli umrhumo, udlulise umgaqo wokuhlawulisa kunye nokukhutshwa kunye nokukhutshwa. Ngokufutshane, ukutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion yinkqubo yokufakela, ukuhamba, ukuchithwa phakathi kwe-lithium ion; xa ibhetri ihlawuliswa, i-ion ze-lithium zihamba ukusuka kwi-electrolyte echanekileyo ukuya kwi-electrolyte engalunganga, kwaye emva koko ifakwe kwisakhiwo seCarbon; xa ibhetri ikhutshwe, i-ion ye-lithium isuswe kwi-carbon layer engafanelekanga ibuyele kwi-electrode efanelekileyo. Ndiyakholwa oku, wonke umntu uyayiqonda ukutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa kwebhetri ye-lithium ion kunye nokuhamba kwe-lithium ion, i-electrode inxulumene; i-overcharge, kunokwenzeka ukuba kubangele umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa kwi-electrode.

Ukuba i-charge engaphezulu, inokubangela i-lithium eninzi kakhulu I-ion-embedded negative electrode carbon layer ayinakunyuka. Ukuba ukukhutshwa okugqithiseleyo kunokubangela ukuba i-electrode engafanelekanga i-carbon layer idandatheke, i-lithium ion ayikwazi ukubethelwa kuyo ngexesha lokutshaja; umphumo wobomi uyancipha, umthamo webhetri ufinyeziwe. Jonga oku, akukho mhlobo wemoto unexhala: Ndiyenza njani ibhetri igcwale? Ngaba ungahlala uyigcina ibiza? Ngapha koko, ijolise "kwintlawulo engaphezulu", kwaye iinkampani zemoto zamandla amatsha zenze izicwangciso zeqhinga lokutshaja ezihambelanayo, njengokukhawulela amandla okutshaja, ixesha logcino, njl.

, zama ukuthintela ukugcwala kwebhetri yenye yale misebenzi. I-2 "Ukukhusela abasebenzisi" ukukhusela abavelisi beebhetri ukukhusela abavelisi beebhetri Iimodeli zamandla amatsha asisiseko zinokuhlawuliswa / useto lwe-aphoyintimenti, kunye neentlobo ezithile zeemoto zombane ezicocekileyo zisete amandla athile akhuselekileyo xa zihamba. I-Redundancy, injongo kukuthintela ukugqithiswa kwebhetri ye-lithium yamandla.

Ngokomzekelo, i-Audi E-TRON i-nominal power lithium ibhetri umthamo we-95kWh, kodwa ibhetri yangempela ivaliwe nge-12% (ayifumaneki), eyi-83.6kWh; ngale ndlela, umenzi udityanisiwe ngamandla akhuselekileyo kwi-hardware Ukuphumla kuthintela abasebenzisi ukuba bangagcwali kakhulu ngebhetri. I-Audi E-TRON ngaphandle kwebhetri ngokwayo, umsebenzisi unokuseta ukusetwa kwentlawulo ephezulu kwi-interface yokumisela i-interface yemoto.

Ukuba luhambo olufutshane, inkqubo iya kunika abasebenzisi akukho mfuneko yokugqithisa amandla, ukuba umgama omde, inkqubo iya kuphakamisa Abasebenzisi bahlawulise amandla kwi-100%. Oku kuyilwe eTesla, kwaye ixhotyiswe ngemodeli. Thatha i-Tesla njengomzekelo, imodeli ye-brand nayo iyahlula "uhambo lwemihla ngemihla" kunye "nohambo olude lokuhamba" kwi-interface "yomda wokutshaja"; ukuba umsebenzisi uhamba, inkqubo yeTesla incoma ukuba abasebenzisi baya kuhlawula amandla kwi-50 Phakathi kwe-% -90%, ayicebisi intlawulo epheleleyo, ukuba uhambo olude olude, uTesla ucetyiswa ukuba ahlawule amandla kwi-90% -100%.

Ngexesha elifanayo, ukwenzela ukuququzelela umsebenzisi, iTesla ikwicala le-APP yeselula, kwaye isiphelo sesithuthi sinomsebenzi. 蔚 來 ES8, ES6 Ngaphambili, i-APP yefowuni ephathwayo inikezelwe ekungeneni kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokumisela umda ophezulu wokutshaja. Ukusukela nge-10 ka-Okthobha ka-2019, iya kuqalisa ukutyhala i-2.

3.0 inguqulelo ye-2.3.

0 inguqulo ye-ES6 (ngo-Oktobha 13), Kwinkqubo entsha, umda ophezulu wokuhlawula umda ophezulu unikezelwa kumatshini wokukhonza; Inkqubo inika kwakhona uhambo lwemihla ngemihla kunye nohambo olude, kwaye yangaphambili iphakamisa ukuba ibe yi-90%, le yokugqibela iphakamisa ukubiza i-100%. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthatha i-BYD njengomzekelo, imodeli yamandla entsha yamashishini eemoto zemveli inesetingi ezimbalwa zokutshaja eziphezulu, kodwa uninzi lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha uninzi lweenkampani zemoto zemveli zisabonelela ngomsebenzi "wokutshaja ubhukisho", abasebenzisi banokuqala ukutshaja ngokwemfuno yabo yexesha lokumisela. Ngale ndlela, abasebenzisi banokubiza, basindise iindleko zokutshaja, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegridi; okwesibini, lo msebenzi unokunciphisa ukutshaja kwinqanaba elithile, ngokulibazisa ukutshaja ixesha lokunciphisa ukutshaja.

Ukususela kumgaqo wokutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion, kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nomonakalo ongenakuguqulwa kwibhetri. Iinkqubo zamashishini ezithuthi nazo zikuqinisekisile oku. Iimodeli zamandla ezingakumbi nangakumbi zikhethwa njengonikezelo lwabasebenzisi "ukutshaja umda ophezulu" "Ukhetho.

Kweli nqanaba, sinokuqonda ukuba kutheni iimodeli ezithile zamandla ebhetri ze-lithium zingasetyenziswa ngaphantsi komthamo wegama, kwaye uvulindlela weshishini lesithuthi uya kuthintela ukwenzeka kwentlawulo engaphezulu, idini lenxalenye yombane, itshintshiselwano, ukwandisa ibhetri kangangoko kunokwenzeka Ubomi, ndicinga ukuba le "shishini" liyindleko-esebenzayo. Ngokuphathelele ukukhutshwa, uninzi lwabasebenzisi bahlala befanelekile, kwaye ixesha elingasebenziyo liya kuhlawuliswa isithuthi. Ayilindi de kuhlawuliswe ukutya kwesithuthi.

Oku akubonakali kwindawo yobushushu obuphantsi, kodwa ukusebenza kwebhetri kuncitshisiwe, xa kuthelekiswa nobushushu obuqhelekileyo Ukuthanda ukugqithisa. Ngenxa yobudlelwane bexesha, abanini abaninzi abayi kujonga ngexesha lokutsala umpu, ngoko ke kudla ngokuqheleka ngakumbi, ngeli xesha, ukutshaja komda wokubeka umda kuya kusebenzisa; kubasebenzisi abanentlawulo ekhawulezayo, intlawulo kuphela 80 % Kwakhona kukhetho lwabahlobo abaninzi, enye kukuthintela ukutshaja okuncinci, ukuchitha ixesha, okwesibini kukuthintela ngaphezulu kwentlawulo, ngoko ke ndincoma le ndlela yokutshaja. Isishwankathelo: Enyanisweni, ibhetri ayinakukhathazeka ngebhetri, ngenxa yokuba isithuthi sombane samandla e-lithium ibhetri yokusebenza kwepakethi ingcono, kwaye ukuba ipakethi yebhetri iyancipha ngaphezu kwesalathisi esithile (ngokubanzi i-20% -30%), umenzi uya kuthatha indawo yebhetri kumnini wePackage; Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kusekho imoto yombane entsha yokutshintsha ipakethi yebhetri, enokuqinisekisa ubuncinci ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, ibhetri yemoto yombane ayinzima njengoko sicinga.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, imeko yebhetri elungileyo ayinakwahlulwa kulondolozo oluchanekileyo lomnini. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba imoto yombane iya kukunika amava alungileyo emoto.