Inkunkuma yokuhlaziya ibhetri "imigangatho yokufuna"

著者：Iflowpower – Mofani oa Seteishene sa Motlakase se nkehang

Iibhetshi zenkunkuma ziquka izinto ezine-asidi ezinelothe, ukuba ziyadityaniswa, ukusetyenzwa kunye nokusetyenziswa, kunokukhokelela ekuvuzeni kwelothe kunye ne-lead-asidi, okukhokelela kungcoliseko olukhulu lomoya, amanzi, nokusingqongileyo komhlaba. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ezingaphelelanga, kukho malunga ne-160,000 yeetoni zelothe rhoqo ngonyaka ekunyibilikiseni ngokungekho mthethweni. “Ezweni lam, malunga neetoni ezi-3 zezigidi zeebhetri zokugcina inkunkuma zidla umhlala-phantsi minyaka le, ziipesenti ezingama-30 kuphela zamatshaneli aqhelekileyo, oko kukuthi, uninzi lokugcinwa kwenkunkuma yokubuyisela ibhetri kusetyenziswa amajelo angekho sikweni.

"UNobhala-Jikelele uLiu Yong, unobhala jikelele welizwe lam kwiKhemistry kunye nePhysical Power Industry Association kwishishini lezaMandla, kutshanje uthe kudliwanondlebe neentatheli. Enyanisweni, ukulinganisa ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona kweebhetri zenkunkuma kuye kwaphindwa, kwaye amasebe karhulumente afanelekileyo nawo azise inani lemigaqo-nkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, imboni yangoku yokugcina inkunkuma yokubuyisela ibhetri ayikacwangciswanga.

Iphi ingxaki? Kuye kwavalwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kunye nomngcipheko wendalo esingqongileyo "ukunyuka" NgoMeyi, iSebe leNdalo yeNdalo lazisa iqela lokuqala lokunyanzeliswa komthetho wokusingqongileyo ngexesha lokuphunyezwa kweSebe le-Ecological Environmental, "Phakathi kwabo," i-Fujian Ningde Shajiang Idolophu yaseYawei River Village iNkunkuma yeBattery Casting Ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma eyingozi ekrokrela ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho "Heddon. Emva kophando, umzi-mveliso we-plus awuzange uyifumane imvume yokulahla ibhetri yenkunkuma, uye wasebenza ekuqhaqheni ibhetri yemoto yombane, ukunyibilikiswa kweepleyiti zepolar. Ukusukela oko yafakwa kwimveliso ngoDisemba ka-2019, zizonke iibhetri zenkunkuma ezingaphezulu kwe-130 zithengiwe, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-800,000 ye-yuan iya kuthathwa kwinzuzo.

Kwisaziso, iSebe le-Ecological Environmental, ngenxa yokuba ukuziphatha kokuchithwa kwebhetri endala kurhanelwa ukungcolisa ulwaphulo-mthetho lokusingqongileyo, i-Ningde City Xiapu Ecological Environment Bureau iya kudlulisela i-Xixia Public Security Bureau ukuba iqhube uphando. Enyanisweni, intatheli emva koko yafunda kudliwano-ndlebe ukuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nenani leebhetri zenkunkuma ezidla umhlala-phantsi, ukufunyanwa ngokungekho mthethweni kweebhetri zokugcina inkunkuma, ukusetyenzwa ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokusulungekiswa kwelothe sele kumoya. Nangona kukho impucuko esemthethweni, ayikavinjelwa.

U-Liu Yong ubonise ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yokurisayikilisha yetshaneli eqhelekileyo, indlela engekho sikweni yokurisayikilisha ayithintelwa yimiba efana notyalo-mali lwezixhobo, ukwakhiwa kweplanti, iindleko. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iindibano zocweyo ezincinci ezizibandakanya kwisikhenkcisi ngokungekho mthethweni ziyakuchitha nje inkunkuma yebhetri, zigcine iipali zelothe ezinexabiso eliphezulu lentsalela yokubuyisela ukusulungekisa ingot yelothe, nokugalela ngokuthe ngqo ulwelo lwe-asidi yelothe emhlabeni okanye emlanjeni. Irhasi yokukhupha, amanzi amdaka, amanzi amdaka, kwaye uwakhuphe ngokuthe ngqo, kulula kakhulu ukubangela iingozi zokhuseleko kumzimba womntu kunye nokusingqongileyo kwendalo.

Ngokweenkcukacha-manani zedatha yenkunkuma yokuchitha ibhetri. Ukufunyanwa ngokungekho mthethweni, ukudilizwa kwebhetri yokugcina inkunkuma ukuya kuthi ga kwiitoni ezingama-20,000, imali ebandakanyekayo kweli tyala yafikelela kwi-100 yezigidi zeeyuan. Ngokubhekiselele koku, iingcali zeshishini zabonisa ukuba koku, ukubandakanywa komonakalo we-ecological kumonakalo we-ecological environment uyanda rhoqo.

I-Wanli, ijelo eliqhelekileyo lokurisayikilishwa "latyunyuzwa" umntu ongaphakathi kwishishini owayengafuni ukuduma, "i-Wanli" ngunobangela weworkshop yokusulungekisa engekho mthethweni engazange ixatyiswe kwaye irhoxise ibhetri endala. Intatheli ifunde ukuba ixabiso lokubuyisela ibhetri yenkunkuma limalunga ne-9,000 yuan / ton, ixabiso lentengiso ye-smelting lead ingot inokuphakama malunga ne-18,000 yuan / ton. Ezinye iiworkshops zeebhetri ezilahliweyo ezichithwa ngokungekho mthethweni zithengisa ingot yelothe enyibilikisiweyo engaphezulu kwe 2,000 yuan.

Iinkampani eziqhelekileyo zokurisayikilisha, kufuneka zibe nezatifikethi zesiqinisekiso ezikhutshwe ngamasebe karhulumente afanelekileyo, kwaye zilandele ngokungqongqo imiqobo engqongqo yeenkqubo ezifanelekileyo, kwaye zinokuqhuba iinkonzo zokurisayikilisha. Abangaphakathi kwishishini bachaza ukuba iinkampani ezisebenza rhoqo kwibhetri endala zikwindawo evaleleke ngokupheleleyo, zisebenzisa izixhobo ezizisebenzelayo zoomatshini, ukophuka, ukuhlenga-hlengisa, kunye nokuguqula iibhetri zenkunkuma. Itoni nganye yelothe ehlaziyiweyo ifuna ukuhlawula irhafu, kwaye iindleko zokusingqongileyo ziphantse zibe yi-yuan eyi-1,000.

Xa kuthelekiswa nokusulungekiswa okungekho mthethweni, indawo yengeniso incinci, kwaye uxinzelelo lokusebenza lukhulu. “Xa kuthelekiswa neendibano zocweyo ezingekho mthethweni, inkampani eqhelekileyo kuphela yotyalo-mali lwezixhobo ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo ixabisa malunga ne-40%, kunye nokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa, ukuhla kwexabiso, iindleko zabasebenzi, njl., iindleko zizonke ngokucacileyo ziphezulu.

U-Liu Yong waphinda wachaza. Umda wengeniso encinci, ixabiso leenkampani eziqhelekileyo zokufumana iibhetri zenkunkuma liphantsi. Ngokwendalo abantu baya kutyekela ngakumbi ekuthengiseni iibhetri zenkunkuma kwiindawo zokusebenzela zokucokisa eziphezulu ezingekho mthethweni.

Imephu yedatha yeNkunkuma yeBattery Demolition Pool uWang Jingzhong, uSekela Sihlalo welizwe lam loMbutho woShishino lweBattery, ukwathe kukho phantse isixhenxe seebhetri zenkunkuma kwilizwe lam ukuze zigqwese kwiindibano zocweyo ezikhokelayo zokucokisa ngokungekho mthethweni. Iza kuya phi kwinani elikhulu leebhetri zenkunkuma emva kokucocwa ngokungekho mthethweni? “Ucweyo lokucoca olungekho semthethweni luza kuthengisa iintengiso zelothe kwiindawo zokulungisa iimoto, ukubambelela emaphandleni okanye ezidolophini nasemaphandleni kwivenkile yasekuhlaleni yakwa-4S. Uyilo olunjalo lwendawo yolwamkelo luthe saa, ubukhulu obukhulu, izixa ezininzi, kunzima ukulawula ulawulo lwemarike, kulula kakhulu ukwenza umdla kunye neendibano zocweyo zokucoca ezingekho mthethweni, kunye ne "Regular Army" ibambe owona msebenzi ubalaseleyo.

Utshilo uLiu Yong. Umgangatho womgangatho, ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo esemgangathweni, ekufuneka igqitywe ngokukhawuleza, uLiu Yong uthe kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ilizwe liye laqhubeka nokwenza impembelelo yokuphinda isetyenziswe ngokungekho mthethweni kweendlela zakudala zebhetri, kunye nokuziphatha okungekho mthethweni kwenkampani engasebenziyo kwakhona kuguqukile, kodwa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ngokungekho mthethweni, ukudiliza ibhetri yenkunkuma Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba, kutshanje, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe ikhuphe "Amanyathelo eThutyana oLawulo lweBattery Recycling (iDrafti yokuphawula)", ebonisa ukuba urhulumente uphumeze inkqubo yoxanduva lokubuyisela ibhetri, ekupheleni kwe-2025, izinga lokubuyisela ibhetri lingaphezulu kwe-70%.

Kuhlobo lokuqala lwengeniso ekhutshwe ngo-Agasti walo nyaka uphelileyo, "" Ngowama-2025, umgangatho wokubuyisela kufuneka ube ngaphezu kwama-60%. ". "Ngokuthelekisa, nangona i-target yokubuyisela ibhetri ecetywayo kulo nyaka iye yanda nge-10% ukusuka kunyaka odlulileyo, ingaphantsi kwegama" inkcazo ".

Kuphela umahluko phakathi kwegama elithi "70%" ekujoliswe kuyo likhulu, kwaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo isithunzi sokubuyiswa kwebhetri yenkunkuma. Kumazwe aseYurophu, indawo yokugcinwa kwenkunkuma yelizwe lam yonyango isenomsantsa omkhulu. Intatheli yafunda ukuba eUnited States, inkunkuma yokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona, kwaye umsebenzisi kufuneka anyuse idiphozithi ephezulu yokubuyisela xa ethenga ibhetri, oku kuthetha ukuba umsebenzisi kufuneka ahlawule ibhetri ebuyiselwayo kwindawo ekhethiweyo yokubuyisela, ngaphandle koko Uya kulahlekelwa yintlawulo ephezulu yediphozithi.

IJamani inyanzelisa abavelisi beebhetri ukuba "bathengise enye" ​​kwinkqubo yokuthengisa kunye nokuqokelela, ngaphandle koko abavelisi bathengisa iibhetri. Ndingakuthintela njani ukuziphatha kwebhetri okungekho mthethweni ukuya kutsho kwilizwe lam? Iya kufika nini iNtwasahlobo ye "Army Regular" eTshayina? U-Liu Yong uthe oku, yinto ephambili ephambili ukuphucula inkqubo yokurisayikilisha yebhetri yenkunkuma. “Ingakumbi kulawulo lukarhulumente, kucetyiswa ukuba urhulumente akhokele ukusekwa kweqonga lesizwe eligunyazisiweyo lolawulo lwenkqubo yokurisayikilisha ukuze kuphunyezwe ngcono ukongamela umjikelo wobomi obugcweleyo beemveliso zebhetri.

Ngelo xesha, inqanaba likazwelonke kufuneka likhutshwe, lisuka kungqongqo, ukusuka kwimisebenzi yokuhlaziya ikhonkco loshishino olungekho mthethweni lwebhetri. Utshilo uLiu Yong. Ngokubhekiselele koku, uZhang Tian, ​​ummeli weNkongolo yeSizwe yaBantu, kunye noSihlalo weQela leTianneng, naye ucetyisiwe kwiiseshini ezimbini kulo nyaka, kufuneka anciphise ngakumbi umthwalo werhafu kwinkampani yokubuyisela ibhetri, njengenkampani yebhetri ehlangabezana nemigangatho yelizwe kunye neyommandla wokukhusela indalo, isebenzise ngokupheleleyo inkampani yebhetri, ixolelwe irhafu yokukhuselwa kwendalo.

“Ekubeni uninzi lomthombo webhetri yenkampani yokurisayikilisha iyibhetri ethengisa indawo yokulungisa okanye umntu, akunakwenzeka ukuba ufumane i-invoyisi ye-VAT, ukunqongophala kokutsalwa kwerhafu, kwaye unokubhekisa kumgangatho womrhafi oqhelekileyo, ufake isicelo sesebe lerhafu egameni lesebe lerhafu ngokwe-3%. "UZhang Tian wachaza. Kwakhona wacebisa uhlaziyo lwe "Resource Comprehensive Utilization Products and Labor VAT Catalogue", kwaye ubuyisele irhafu yexabiso eyongeziweyo yenkampani yokubuyisela ibhetri kwi-50%, ifakwe ngokucacileyo ibhetri kwizinto ezibalulekileyo zokuqaphela inkunkuma eqinile yamaphondo ahlukeneyo kunye nezixeko.

Kwaye ilizwe lazisa imigaqo-nkqubo emanyeneyo, imilinganiselo egqibeleleyo, kwaye ikhokela imimiselo yolawulo ekhutshiweyo, yagqithiselwa, yasetyenziswa, yalahlwa kwiindawo ngeendawo.