Uyiphusha kanjani imakethe enamandla yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion?

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Umhlinzeki Wesiteshi Samandla Esiphathekayo

Eminyakeni yakamuva, imakethe yezimoto zamandla entsha yezwe lami ikhula ngokushesha. Phakathi kwazo, ukuthengiswa kusuka ku-18,000 ngo-2013 kuya ku-777,000 izimoto ngo-2017, kuze kufike ku-4216.7%.

Kulo nyaka, nakuba kuthinteka ukulungiswa koxhaso, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla kusalokhu kukhuphuka ngesivinini esikhulu. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Agasti 2018, ukudayiswa okuphelele kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kufinyelele ku-601,000, kukhuphuke ngo-88% unyaka nonyaka. Ngo-2018, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zezwe lami kuzofinyelela ku-1.

5 million izimoto. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Cascade kuyimakethe egqame kakhulu yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion. Eminyakeni yamuva, umthamo wokukhiqiza nokuthengisa wamabhethri okugcina amandla ubulokhu ukhuphuka unyaka nonyaka, futhi iyinani elikhulu lamabhethri abhekene nokuyeka ukusebenza futhi alahliwe.

Ukuboniswa kwedatha, ukubikezela isilinganiso esiphelele kusukela esikhathini sewaranti yenkampani, impilo yomjikelezo webhethri, izimo zokusetshenziswa kwemoto, njll. Ngemuva kuka-2018, amabhethri amasha okugcina amandla emoto azongena empeshenini enkulu, okulindeleke ukuthi ibe namathani angaphezu kuka-200,000 (24.6GWH) ngo-2020.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ingasetshenziswa iladi ngo-70%, cishe amathani angu-60,000 amabhethri kufanele alahlwe. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2020, ibhethri ye-lithium ion eqoqiwe izodlula amathani angama-230,000 (21GWH). Ngenxa engaphezu kuka-80% wemoto entsha yabagibeli yamandla kusukela ngo-2016, ifakwe ibhethri le-lithium-ion lamandla wezinto ezintathu-ntathu.

Ngakho-ke, ivolumu yemfucuza yebhethri ye-lithium-ion yezinto ezibonakalayo yama-yuan amathathu izoba nokukhuphuka okucacile ngo-2020. Ukugaywa kabusha kwe-cobalt, i-nickel, i-manganese, i-lithium, insimbi ne-aluminium kanye ne-aluminium kumabhethri e-lithium-ion ashukumisayo kuzodlula ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.3 ngo-2018, futhi ama-yuan angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-10 azoba ngaphezu kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10 ngo-2020.

Imakethe yebhethri izofinyelela ku-25 billion yuan. Izinhlobo ezihlukene zezinsimbi zebhethri ze-lithium-ion zinezinsimbi ezihlukene, futhi insimbi ehambisanayo egaywa kabusha nayo ihlukile. Ngokwezibikezelo, ngo-2018, ukusetshenziswa okugaywe kabusha kwe-nickel kuphezulu ebhethrini lamandla e-lithium-ion elisanda kuvuselelwa ngo-2018.

Ngemva kokubala, intengo ehambisanayo yokuthola i-nickel ingu-1.4 billion yuan. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-nickel, ukutholwa kwe-lithium kuncane kakhulu, kodwa intengo yokutakula ngemva kokubala ingaphezulu kakhulu kunobuNaternity obufinyelelwe ku-2.

6 billion yuan. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto zamandla amasha kulethe amathuba amaningi embonini yebhethri ye-lithium-ion yamandla, kodwa inkinga yokugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ashukumisayo nayo ayikwazi ukubekela inselele. "Indlela yesikhashana yokuphatha amabhethri okugcina amandla emoto amandla amasha" isiphumile, ukuqapha kwemoto yamandla amasha kanye nesiteji sokulawula ukulandelela ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri yokugcinwa kwamandla, ukucindezela kongqimba kushanele nakakhulu.

NgoFebhuwari 26, 2018, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, Umnyango Wesayensi Nobuchwepheshe, Umnyango Wesayensi Nobuchwepheshe, Umnyango Wezokuthutha, Umnyango Wezohwebo, Ukuphathwa Kwekhwalithi, Ukuhlola Nokuhlukaniswa, Ukuphathwa Kwezamandla kukhiphe "Indlela Yesikhashana Yokulawulwa Kabusha Kwebhethri Lamandla Ezimoto Ezintsha" Idizayinelwe ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kokulawulwa kwamandla emoto entsha, ukugaywa kabusha kwemboni yokulawulwa kwamandla ebhethri. Le ndlela yenziwa ngo-Agasti 1, 2018. "Indlela Yesikhashana Yokuphathwa Kabusha Kwebhethri Lamandla Emoto Yamandla Ezimoto" Khuthaza Inkampani Yokucutshungulwa Kwezimoto, Inkampani Yokucubungula Ibhethri, Usaziwayo Ogaywe Kabusha Okuzenzakalelayo kanye Nenkampani Esetshenziswa Ngokuphelele, njll.

Umthombo wamanje wokugaywa kabusha webhethri le-lithium-ion eliguquguqukayo useduze nenkampani elungisa izimoto, inkampani yokucubungula amabhethri, kanye nenkampani ehlakazwayo yezimoto. Inkampani yebhethri kanye nefekthri yezimoto ngokuvamile yakha kuphela amashaneli okugaya kabusha ohlobo lwawo lwebhethri, futhi inkampani ephrofeshinali yenkampani yangaphandle egaya kabusha igaya kabusha Isakhiwo sesiteshi sibanzi kakhulu. NgoSepthemba womsila ka-Okthoba, hhayi kuphela iholide Losuku Lwezwe Lonke, "imoto kagesi esetshenziswa kabusha ibhethri ye-lithium-ion" iphrojekthi eyaqalwa inkampani yezimoto yaseJapan nayo kufanele ifike.

Kubikwa ukuthi le phrojekthi izosebenza ezikhungweni ezisebenzisanayo zokusebenzisa i-automobile circular yaseJapan, ezoqale zisebenze ekusatshalalisweni kwezimoto zaseJapan, okuzofinyelela kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwe. Lezi zindaba ziphinde zaveza ukuthi le phrojekthi izovulelwa abadayisi bezimoto abavela kwamanye amazwe baseJapan kanye nezimoto zikagesi. Ngokusobala, lapho kubhekene nebhethri ye-lithium-ion ezayo yokuthatha umhlalaphansi onamandla, izinkampani zezimoto zaseJapane seziqale ukuhlela kusenesikhathi, futhi zigxile enanini lemakethe lokubuyiswa kwebhethri le-lithium-ion elinamandla nezinyathelo.

Njengoba sonke sazi, iqoqo lokuqala lezimoto zikagesi emakethe seliqalile ukungena esikhathini sokushintshwa, futhi ibhethri ye-lithium-ion iye yachithwa ngokungafanele. Kubalulekile ukuguqulela izimoto zamandla amasha kumathegi "okuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza", futhi kuzobaluleka kakhulu ukulahla leli bhethri le-ion yezinkomo. Izinkampani zaseJapan zisalungile, ingabe abakhiqizi bezimoto ezintsha basekhaya sebelungile? Kuyiqiniso ukuthi izimoto zamandla amasha kube yizinqubomgomo eminyakeni yamuva nje, futhi zithole indawo enkulu yokuthuthukiswa ngaphansi kokongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola kanye nohlelo lomhlaba wonke lwekhabhoni ephansi eluhlaza.

Ekuxhumaneni, imboni yebhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla nayo ipholile kakhulu, kodwa futhi yindlela yokuphendula "ukuvikelwa kwemvelo" ubulili "okuhlobene nezimoto zamandla amasha emhlabeni wangaphandle.