Rage gazawar lantarki ta mota ta amfani da madaidaicin gano baturin lithium da fasahar ji

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Lieferant von tragbaren Kraftwerken

Kowace gazawar motoci guda biyar ɗaya ce daga cikin batura. A cikin ƴan shekaru masu zuwa, tare da karuwar shaharar fasahar kera motoci kamar watsa wutar lantarki, sarrafa injin fara / flameout da matasan (lantarki / iskar gas), wannan batu zai ƙara zama mai tsanani. Don rage kuskuren, ana gano ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, da zazzabi na baturin daidai, kuma an riga an tsara sakamakon, ana amfani da yanayin caji da yanayin aiki, sannan a aika da sakamakon zuwa sashin sarrafa injin (ECU), da aikin cajin sarrafawa.

An haifi motoci na zamani a farkon karni na 20. Mota ta farko ta dogara da farawa da hannu, tare da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, akwai haɗari mai yawa, kuma wannan ƙwanƙwasa hannu na motar ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane da yawa. A shekara ta 1902, an yi nasarar haɓaka motar farko ta baturi.

Zuwa 1920, an fara duk motocin. Amfanin farko shine busasshen baturi. Lokacin da makamashin lantarki ya ƙare, dole ne a maye gurbinsa.

Ba da daɗewa ba, baturin ruwa (watau tsohon baturin gubar-acid) ya maye gurbin busasshen baturin. Amfanin baturin gubar-acid shine lokacin da injin ke aiki, yana iya caji daga. A cikin karnin da ya gabata, an sami ɗan canji a batirin gubar-acid, kuma muhimmin ci gaba na ƙarshe shine rufe shi.

Canji na gaskiya shine bukatunsa. Da farko, ana amfani da baturi ne kawai don kunna motar, ƙaho da wutar lantarki don fitilar. A yau, duk na&39;urorin lantarki na mota dole ne a yi amfani da su kafin kunnawa.

Yawaitar sabbin na&39;urorin lantarki ba wai kawai GPS da DVD da sauran na&39;urorin lantarki masu amfani ba ne. A yau, na&39;urar sarrafa injin (ECU), taga motar lantarki da wurin zama na lantarki, da na&39;urar lantarki irin ta lantarki ta zama daidaitaccen tsari na yawancin asali. Sabon nauyin matakin ma&39;auni ya yi tasiri sosai, kuma gazawar da tsarin lantarki ya haifar yana ƙara shaida.

Dangane da kididdigar ADac da RAC, kusan kashi 36% ana iya danganta su da gazawar lantarki a duk gazawar mota. Idan aka bincika lambar, za a iya gano cewa fiye da kashi 50% na laifin na faruwa ne ta hanyar abubuwan da ke cikin baturin gubar-acid. Maɓalli biyu masu mahimmanci a ƙasan baturin yakamata su nuna lafiyar batirin gubar-acid: (1) Yanayin caji (SoC): SOC yana nuna adadin cajin da za&39;a iya bayarwa, ƙarfin ƙimar baturi (watau sabon baturi SOC SOC) wakilcin kashi.

(2) Matsayin aiki (SOH): SOH yana nuna adadin cajin da za&39;a iya adanawa. Alamar halin cajin jihar ya fi ma&39;aunin man baturin kyau. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don ƙididdige SOC, biyu daga cikinsu biyu ne: Hanyar auna wutar lantarki ta buɗewa da Coulomb assay (wanda kuma aka sani da hanyar ƙidayar Coulomb).

(1) Hanyar auna buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki (VOC): Ƙaƙwalwar dangantaka tsakanin buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki da yanayin cajinsa yayin da babu baturi. Wannan hanyar lissafin tana da ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga guda biyu: Na farko, don ƙididdige SOC, baturi dole ne ya buɗe, babu kaya; na biyu shi ne cewa wannan ma&39;auni daidai ne kawai bayan dogon lokacin kwanciyar hankali. Waɗannan iyakokin sun sa hanyar VOC ba ta dace da lissafin SOC akan layi ba.

Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da wannan hanya a cikin shagon gyaran mota, inda ake cire baturi, kuma ana iya auna wutar lantarki tsakanin sandunan lantarki masu kyau da marasa kyau tare da tebur na lantarki. (2) Ƙididdigar Coulomb: Wannan hanyar tana amfani da Ƙididdigar Coulomb don ɗaukar halin yanzu zuwa wuraren lokaci, ta haka ne ke ƙayyade SOC. Yin amfani da wannan hanyar, ana iya ƙididdige SOC a ainihin lokacin, koda kuwa baturin yana ƙarƙashin yanayin kaya.

Koyaya, kuskuren ma&39;aunin coulomb zai ƙaru akan lokaci. Gabaɗaya gabaɗaya yana amfani da buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki da kirga coulomb don ƙididdige yanayin cajin baturin. Matsayin aiki na yanayin aiki yana nuna yanayin gaba ɗaya na baturi, da ikonsa na adana caji idan aka kwatanta da sababbin batura.

Saboda yanayin baturin kanta, SOH yana da rikitarwa sosai, dangane da sinadarai da yanayin baturi. SOH na baturi yana shafar abubuwa da yawa, gami da karɓar caji, rashin ƙarfi na ciki, ƙarfin lantarki, fitar da kai da zafin jiki. Ana ɗaukar waɗannan abubuwan gabaɗaya da wahala a auna waɗannan abubuwan a cikin yanayi na ainihi a cikin yanayin mota.

A cikin lokacin farawa (farawar inji), baturin yana ƙarƙashin nauyi mafi girma, a wannan lokacin, hanyoyin lissafin SOC da SOH waɗanda ainihin masu haɓaka firikwensin baturi ke amfani da su a zahiri waɗanda manyan masu haɓaka firikwensin batirin ke amfani da su suna da sirri sosai, galibi ana haƙƙin mallaka. Kare A matsayin masu mallakar fasaha, yawanci suna aiki tare da VARTA da MOLL don haɓaka waɗannan algorithms.

Hoto 1 yana nuna da&39;irar da aka saba amfani da ita don gano baturi. Hoto 1: Maganin gano baturi dabam Wannan za a iya raba wannan da&39;irar zuwa sassa uku: (1) Gano baturi: ƙarfin baturi yana ganowa ta hanyar mai jujjuyawar baturi kai tsaye daga wutar lantarki mai inganci. Don gano halin yanzu, mai iya ganowa (ana amfani da aikace-aikacen 12V gabaɗaya a cikin 100Mω) Daga cikin rashin batir da ƙasa.

A cikin wannan tsari, ƙashin ƙarfe na motar gabaɗaya ne, kuma juriyar ganowa yana hawa a cikin da&39;irar baturi na yanzu. A cikin wasu saitunan, mummunan lantarki na baturi shine. Game da lissafin SOH, dole ne ku kuma gano zafin baturin.

(2) Microcontroller: Microcontroller ko MCU muhimmin kammala ayyuka biyu. Ayyukan farko shine aiwatar da sakamakon analog Converter (ADC). Wannan aikin na iya zama mai sauƙi, kamar kawai tacewa na asali; yana iya zama mai rikitarwa, kamar ƙididdige SOC da SOH.

Ainihin aikin ya dogara da iyawar sarrafa MCU da buƙatun masana&39;antun mota. Aiki na biyu shine aika tsarin ta hanyar sadarwar sadarwa zuwa ECU. (3) Sadarwar Sadarwa: A halin yanzu, cibiyar sadarwar haɗin kai ta gida (LIN) ita ce hanyar sadarwa ta gama gari tsakanin firikwensin baturi da ECUs.

Lin layi daya ne, madadin farashi mai rahusa zuwa sanannen ka&39;idar CAN. Wannan shine mafi sauƙin tsarin gano baturi. Koyaya, mafi yawan madaidaicin algorithms gano baturi suna buƙatar duka ƙarfin baturi da na yanzu, ko ƙarfin baturi, na yanzu da zafin jiki a lokaci ɗaya.

Domin yin samfurin aiki tare, dole ne ka ƙara zuwa analog guda biyu zuwa masu canza dijital. Bugu da ƙari, ADC da MCUs suna daidaita wutar lantarki don yin aiki daidai, yana haifar da sabon rikitarwa. An warware wannan ta hanyar masana&39;antun transceiver na Lin ta hanyar haɗa wutar lantarki.

Ci gaba na gaba na gano madaidaicin baturi na mota an haɗa shi da ADC, MCU da Lin transceivers, kamar ADU&39;s AduC703X Series Precision Simulation Microcontroller. AduC703X yana ba da 8KSPs biyu ko uku, 16-bit <000000>sigma; -Adc, 20.48MHzarm7TDMIMCU, da haɗin gwiwar Linv2.

0 mai jituwa transceiver. An haɗa jerin ADUC703X tare da ƙaramin matsa lamba mai daidaitawa, wanda za&39;a iya kunna shi kai tsaye daga baturin gubar-acid. Don saduwa da buƙatun gano baturin mota, ƙarshen gaba ya haɗa da na&39;ura mai zuwa: mai sarrafa wutar lantarki don saka idanu kan ƙarfin baturi; amplifier riba mai shirye-shirye, tare da 100mωLokacin amfani da resistor tare, goyi bayan cikakken sikelin halin yanzu na 1A zuwa 1500A; mai tarawa, goyan bayan ƙididdigar coulomb ba tare da saka idanu na software ba; da firikwensin zafin jiki guda ɗaya.

Hoto na 2 yana nuna mafita ga wannan na&39;urar da aka haɗa. Hoto 2: Magani ga hadedde na&39;urori Misalin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, manyan motoci ne kawai ke sanye da firikwensin baturi. A yau, ana samun ƙarin matsakaita da ƙananan motoci don shigar da ƙananan na&39;urorin lantarki, kuma ana iya ganin su a cikin manyan samfurori shekaru goma da suka wuce.

Don haka ana ci gaba da ƙara adadin kurakuran da batirin gubar-acid ke haifarwa. Bayan &39;yan shekaru, kowace mota za ta shigar da firikwensin baturi don rage haɗarin ƙara haɗarin na&39;urar lantarki.