Yehlisa ukwehluleka kukagesi wezimoto ngokusebenzisa ukunemba kokutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinzwa

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Njalo ukwehluleka kwezimoto ezinhlanu kungenye yamabhethri. Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, ngokuthandwa okwandayo kobuchwepheshe bezimoto obufana nokudluliswa kukagesi, ukuqala / ukuphathwa kwe-flameout injini kanye ne-hybrid (ugesi / igesi), le nkinga izoba yingozi nakakhulu. Ukuze kuncishiswe iphutha, i-voltage, amandla amanje, kanye nezinga lokushisa kwebhethri kutholwa ngokunembile, futhi imiphumela icutshungulwa, isimo sokushaja nesimo sokusebenza siyasetshenziswa, futhi imiphumela ithunyelwa kuyunithi yokulawula injini (ECU), kanye nomsebenzi wokushaja wokulawula.

Izimoto zesimanje zazalwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Imoto yokuqala ithembele ekuqalisweni kwezandla, ngamandla amakhulu, kunengozi enkulu, futhi lokhu kugoqa kwesandla semoto kubangele ukufa okuningi. Ngo-1902, i-motor yokuqala yokuqala yebhethri yathuthukiswa ngempumelelo.

Ngo-1920, zonke izimoto seziqalisiwe. Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala ibhethri elomile. Lapho amandla kagesi ephelile, kufanele ashintshwe.

Ngokushesha, ibhethri eliwuketshezi (okungukuthi ibhethri le-asidi yomthofu) lasendulo lithatha indawo yebhethri elomile. Inzuzo yebhethri le-lead-acid yilapho injini isebenza, ingashaja isuka. Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, kukhona ushintsho oluncane kumabhethri e-lead-acid, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kokugcina okubalulekile ukuwuvala.

Ushintsho lwangempela luyizidingo zalo. Ekuqaleni, ibhethri isetshenziswa kuphela ukuqalisa imoto, uphondo namandla supply isibani. Namuhla, zonke izinhlelo zikagesi zemoto kufanele zinikwe amandla ngaphambi kokushisa.

Ukwanda kwemishini emisha kagesi akuzona nje izidlali ze-GPS ne-DVD nezinye izinto zikagesi ezithengwayo. Namuhla, iyunithi yokulawula injini (ECU), iwindi lemoto kagesi kanye nesihlalo sikagesi, kanye nedivayisi kagesi yomzimba njengesihlalo sikagesi isiphenduke ukumiswa okujwayelekile kwamamodeli amaningi ayisisekelo. Umthwalo omusha wezinga le-exponential uthinte kakhulu, futhi ukwehluleka okubangelwa uhlelo lukagesi kukhula ubufakazi.

Ngokwezibalo ze-ADAc ne-RAC, cishe u-36% ungabalelwa ukuhluleka kukagesi kukho konke ukwehluleka kwezimoto. Uma inombolo ihlaziywa, kungatholakala ukuthi ngaphezu kwe-50% yephutha ibangelwa izingxenye zebhethri le-lead-acid. Izici ezimbili ezibalulekile ngezansi kwebhethri kufanele zibonise impilo yamabhethri e-lead-acid: (1) Isimo sokushaja (i-SoC): I-SOC ikhombisa ukuthi yimalini engalethwa, umthamo olinganiselwe webhethri (okungukuthi, iphesenti le-SOC SOC yebhethri entsha).

(2) Isimo sokusebenza (SOH): I-SOH ibonisa ukuthi ingakanani imali engagcinwa. Inkomba yesimo sokushajwa kwesimo sokushaja singcono kunegeji yebhethri yebhethri. Ziningi izindlela zokubala i-SOC, ezimbili zazo ezimbili: indlela yokulinganisa i-voltage yesekethe evulekile kanye ne-Coulomb assay (eyaziwa nangokuthi indlela yokubala ye-Coulomb).

(1) Indlela yokulinganisa i-voltage yesekethe evulekile (VOC): Ubudlelwano obufinyeziwe phakathi kwevolthi yesekethe evulekile nesimo sayo sokushaja ngesikhathi sokungenabhethri. Le ndlela yokubala inemikhawulo emibili eyisisekelo: Okokuqala, ukuze ubale i-SOC, ibhethri kufanele livuleke, lingalayishi; okwesibili ukuthi lesi silinganiso sinembile kuphela ngemva kwesikhathi eside sokuzinza. Le mikhawulo yenza indlela ye-VOC ingafaneleki ukubalwa ku-inthanethi kwe-SOC.

Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa esitolo sokukhanda izimoto, lapho kususwa khona ibhethri, futhi i-voltage phakathi kwezigxobo zikagesi ezinhle nezimbi zingalinganiswa ngetafula le-voltage. (2) Isivivinyo se-Coulomb: Le ndlela isebenzisa i-Coulomb Count ukuze ithathe yamanje kumaphoyinti esikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela inqume i-SOC. Ngokusebenzisa le ndlela, i-SOC ingabalwa ngesikhathi sangempela, noma ngabe ibhethri ingaphansi kwezimo zokulayisha.

Nokho, iphutha lokulinganisa i-coulomb lizokhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ngokugcwele ukusebenzisa amandla kagesi wesekethe evulekile nokubala kwe-coulomb ukuze kubalwe isimo sokushaja sebhethri. Isimo sokusebenza sesimo sokusebenza sibonisa isimo esijwayelekile sebhethri, kanye nekhono layo lokugcina ishaji uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri amasha.

Ngenxa yemvelo yebhethri ngokwayo, i-SOH iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kuye ngokuthi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali nendawo yebhethri. I-SOH yebhethri ithintwa izinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukwamukela ukushaja, i-impedance yangaphakathi, i-voltage, ukuzikhipha kanye nezinga lokushisa. Lezi zici ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengezinzima ukukala lezi zici endaweni yesikhathi sangempela endaweni yezimoto.

Esigabeni sokuqalisa (ukuqala kwenjini), ibhethri ingaphansi komthwalo omkhulu kunayo yonke, ngalesi sikhathi, izindlela zokubala ze-SOC ne-SOH empeleni ezisetshenziswa umthuthukisi wenzwa yebhethri eholayo empeleni esetshenziswa abathuthukisi benzwa yebhethri ehamba phambili iyimfihlo kakhulu, ngokuvamile inelungelo lobunikazi. Vikela. Njengomnikazi wendawo yobuhlakani bengqondo, ngokuvamile basebenzisa eduze ne-VARTA kanye ne-MOLL ukuze bathuthukise lawa ma-algorithms.

Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa isifunda esihlukile esivame ukusetshenziswa ukuze kutholwe ibhethri. Umfanekiso 1: Isixazululo esihlukile sokuthola ibhethri Lo mjikelezo ungahlukaniswa ube izingxenye ezintathu: (1) ukutholwa kwebhethri: i-voltage yebhethri itholwa ngesibambisi esibambayo esivela ku-electrode ephozithivu yebhethri. Ukuze kutholwe okwamanje, i-resistor yokuthola (uhlelo lwe-12V luvame ukusetshenziswa ku-100Mω) Phakathi kwama-negative nebhethri.

Kulokhu kucushwa, i-chassis yensimbi yemoto ngokuvamile, futhi ukumelana nokutholwa kufakwe kumjikelezo wamanje webhethri. Kokunye ukucushwa, i-electrode engemihle yebhethri iyi-. Mayelana nezibalo ze-SOH, kufanele futhi uthole izinga lokushisa lebhethri.

(2) I-Microcontroller: I-Microcontroller noma i-MCU ebalulekile ukuqedela imisebenzi emibili. Umsebenzi wokuqala ukucubungula umphumela we-analog converter (ADC). Lo msebenzi ungase ube lula, njengokuhlunga okuyisisekelo kuphela; kungase kube yinkimbinkimbi, njengokubala i-SOC ne-SOH.

Umsebenzi wangempela uncike emandleni okucubungula we-MCU kanye nezidingo zabakhiqizi bezimoto. Umsebenzi wesibili ukuthumela inqubo ngokusebenzisa isikhombikubona sokuxhumana ku-ECU. (3) Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana: Okwamanje, isixhumi esibonakalayo senethiwekhi yendawo (LIN) siyindlela yokuxhumana evamile phakathi kwezinzwa zebhethri nama-ECU.

I-Lin iwumugqa owodwa, enye indlela enezindleko eziphansi kunephrothokholi eyaziwa kabanzi ye-CAN. Lokhu ukucushwa okulula kokutholwa kwebhethri. Kodwa-ke, ama-algorithms amaningi okuthola ibhethri anembayo adinga kokubili ama-voltage ebhethri kanye ne-voltage yamanje, noma yebhethri, yamanje kanye nezinga lokushisa kanye kanye.

Ukuze wenze amasampula ahambisanayo, kufanele ungeze iziguquli ze-analog eziya kwezidijithali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ADC kanye ne-MCUs zilungisa ukunikezwa kwamandla ukuze kusebenze ngendlela efanele, okubangela ubunzima besekethe entsha. Lokhu kuxazululwe ngumkhiqizi we-Lin transceiver ngokuhlanganisa ukunikezwa kwamandla.

Ukuthuthukiswa okulandelayo kokutholwa kwebhethri ngokunemba kwezimoto kuhlanganiswe i-ADC, i-MCU nama-Lin transceivers, njenge-ADU&39;s AduC703X Series Precision Simulation Microcontroller. I-AduC703X inikezela ngama-8KSP amabili noma amathathu, i-16-bit<000000>sigma;-Acc, i-20.48MHzarm7TDMIMCU, kanye ne-Linv2 ehlanganisiwe.

0 i-transceiver ehambisanayo. Uchungechunge lwe-ADUC703X luhlanganiswe nesilungisi somehluko wengcindezi ephansi, esinganikwa amandla ngokuqondile ukusuka kubhethri le-lead-acid. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokutholwa kwebhethri lezimoto, isiphetho sangaphambili sifaka idivayisi elandelayo: isinciphisi se-voltage sokuqapha umthamo webhethri; i-amplifier yenzuzo ehlelekayo, ene-100mωUma usebenzisa i-resistor ndawonye, ​​​​sekela isikali esigcwele samanje se-1A ukuya ku-1500A; i-accumulator, isekela i-coulomb count ngaphandle kokuqapha isofthiwe; kanye nenzwa yokushisa eyodwa.

Umfanekiso wesi-2 ubonisa isisombululo kule divayisi ehlanganisiwe. Umfanekiso 2: Isixazululo kumadivayisi ahlanganisiwe Isibonelo seminyaka embalwa edlule, izimoto eziphezulu kuphela ezifakwe inzwa yebhethri. Namuhla, kunezimoto eziningi ezimaphakathi nezisezingeni eliphansi zokufaka amadivaysi amancane kagesi, futhi zingabonakala kuphela kumamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.

Ngakho-ke inani lamaphutha abangelwa amabhethri e-lead-asidi lengezwa ngokuqhubekayo. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, imoto ngayinye izofaka inzwa yebhethri ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokwandisa ubungozi bedivayisi ye-elekthronikhi.