Ukunciphisa ukusilela kombane wemoto ngokusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo ubhaqo lwebhetri ye-lithium kunye neteknoloji yokuva

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Umhlinzeki Wesiteshi Samandla Esiphathekayo

Zonke iimoto ezintlanu ukusilela yenye iibhetri. Kule minyaka imbalwa izayo, ngokukhula kokuthandwa kwetekhnoloji yeemoto ezifana nokuhanjiswa kombane, ukuqala / ukulawulwa kwe-injini ye-flameout kunye ne-hybrid (umbane / igesi), lo mbandela uya kuba mkhulu ngakumbi. Ukuze kuncitshiswe impazamo, i-voltage, i-current, kunye nobushushu bebhetri zichongiwe ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye iziphumo zifakwe ngaphambili, imeko yokutshaja kunye neyokusebenza isetyenziswa, kwaye iziphumo zithunyelwa kwiyunithi yokulawula injini (ECU), kunye nomsebenzi wokutshaja wolawulo.

Iimoto zanamhlanje zazalwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Imoto yokuqala ixhomekeke ekuqalisweni kwesandla, ngamandla amakhulu, kukho umngcipheko omkhulu, kwaye le ntsimbi yesandla yemoto ibangele ukufa okuninzi. Ngo-1902, ibhetri yokuqala yaqalisa injini yaphuhliswa ngempumelelo.

Ngowe-1920, zonke iimoto sele ziqalisiwe. Ukusetyenziswa kokuqala yibhetri eyomileyo. Xa amandla ombane ephelile, kufuneka atshintshwe.

Kungekudala, ibhetri yolwelo (okt ibhetri yeasidi yamandulo) ithatha indawo yebhetri eyomileyo. I-advanteji yebhetri ye-lead-asidi xa injini isebenza, inokuhlawulisa ukusuka. Kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, kukho utshintsho oluncinci kwiibhetri ze-lead-acid, kwaye ukuphuculwa kokugqibela okubalulekileyo kukutywina.

Utshintsho lokwenyani ziimfuno zalo. Ekuqaleni, ibhetri isetyenziselwa kuphela ukuqala imoto, uphondo kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla kwisibane. Namhlanje, zonke iinkqubo zombane zemoto kufuneka zinikwe amandla phambi kokutshiswa.

Utyando lwezixhobo ezitsha zombane azipheleli nje ngokuba yiGPS kunye neeDVD player nezinye izixhobo zombane ezisetyenziswa ngabathengi. Namhlanje, iyunithi yokulawula injini (ECU), ifestile yemoto yombane kunye nesihlalo sombane, kunye nesixhobo sombane somzimba esinjengesihlalo sombane sibe yinkqubo esemgangathweni yeemodeli ezininzi ezisisiseko. Umthwalo omtsha wezinga le-exponential lithintele kakhulu, kwaye ukungaphumeleli okubangelwa yinkqubo yombane kwandisa ubungqina.

Ngokwezibalo ze-ADAc kunye ne-RAC, phantse i-36% ingabalelwa kukungaphumeleli kombane kuzo zonke iintsilelo zeemoto. Ukuba inani lihlalutyiweyo, kunokufunyanwa ukuba ngaphezu kwe-50% yempazamo ibangelwa ngamacandelo ebhetri ye-lead-acid. Iimpawu ezimbini eziphambili ezingezantsi kwebhetri kufuneka zibonise impilo yeebhetri ze-lead-acid: (1) Imeko yokutshaja (i-SoC): I-SOC ibonisa ukuba ingakanani intlawulo enokunikezelwa, umthamo webhetri olinganiswayo (oko kukuthi, ibhetri entsha ye-SOC SOC) ukumelwa kwepesenti.

(2) Isimo sokusebenza (SOH): I-SOH ibonisa ukuba yimalini intlawulo enokugcinwa. Ubume bemeko yokutshaja bungcono kunegeyiji yamafutha ebhetri. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokubala i-SOC, ezimbini kuzo zimbini: indlela yokulinganisa i-voltage yesiphaluka evulekileyo kunye ne-Coulomb assay (ekwaziwa ngokuba yindlela yokubala ye-Coulomb).

(1) Indlela yokulinganisa amandla ombane wesekethe evulekileyo (VOC): Unxulumano olujiyileyo phakathi kombane ovulekileyo wesekethe kunye nemeko yawo yokutshaja ngexesha lokungafumani bhetri. Le ndlela yokubala inemida emibini esisiseko: Okokuqala, ukuze ubale i-SOC, ibhetri kufuneka ivule, akukho mthwalo; okwesibini kukuba lo mlinganiselo uchanekile kuphela emva kwexesha lozinzo olukhulu. Le mida yenza indlela ye-VOC ingafanelekanga ukubalwa kwe-intanethi ye-SOC.

Le ndlela idla ngokusetyenziswa kwivenkile yokulungisa imoto, apho ibhetri isusiwe, kwaye i-voltage phakathi kwezibonda zombane ezintle nezimbi inokulinganiswa ngetafile yombane. (2) I-Coulomb assay: Le ndlela isebenzisa i-Coulomb Count ukuthatha yangoku kumanqaku exesha, ngaloo ndlela imisela i-SOC. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, i-SOC ingabalwa ngexesha langempela, nokuba ibhetri iphantsi kweemeko zomthwalo.

Nangona kunjalo, impazamo yokulinganisa i-coulomb iya kwanda ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi amandla ombane wesekethe evulekileyo kunye nokubala kwe-coulomb ukubala imeko yokutshaja kwebhetri. Imo yokusebenza yemeko esebenzayo ibonisa imeko jikelele yebhetri, kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukugcina intlawulo xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ezintsha.

Ngenxa yobume bebhetri ngokwayo, i-SOH inzima kakhulu, kuxhomekeke kwimichiza kunye nokusingqongileyo kwebhetri. I-SOH yebhetri ichaphazeleka kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa ukwamkelwa kokutshaja, i-impedance yangaphakathi, i-voltage, i-self-discharge kunye neqondo lokushisa. Ezi zinto zithathwa ngokuba zinzima ukulinganisa le miba kwiimeko zexesha langempela kwindawo yeemoto.

Kwinqanaba lokuqalisa (i-injini yokuqala), ibhetri iphantsi komthwalo omkhulu, ngeli xesha, iindlela zokubala ze-SOC kunye ne-SOH ezisetyenziswe ngokwenene ngumphuhlisi wenzwa yebhetri ekhokelayo ngokwenene esetyenziswa ngabaphuhlisi abakhokelayo be-automotive sensor ye-automotive bayimfihlo kakhulu, bahlala benelungelo elilodwa lomenzi. Khusela. Njengomnini wepropathi yengqondo, bahlala besebenza ngokusondeleyo ne-VARTA kunye ne-MOLL ukuphuhlisa ezi zixhobo.

Umzobo 1 ubonisa isekethe yediscrete esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekubhaqweni kwebhetri. Umzobo 1: Ukwahlula isisombululo sokubona ibhetri Le sekethi inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amathathu: (1) ukubonwa kwebhetri: i-voltage yebhetri ibona nge-resissive attenuator ngqo kwi-electrode positive battery. Ukubona okwangoku, i-resistor yokufumanisa (isicelo se-12V sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-100Mω) Phakathi kwezinto ezingalunganga zebhetri kunye nomhlaba.

Kulo hlengahlengiso, i-chassis yensimbi yemoto ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye ukuchasana kokufumanisa kufakwe kwisiphaluka samanje sebhetri. Kolunye ulungelelwaniso, i-electrode engalunganga yebhetri. Malunga nezibalo ze-SOH, kufuneka kwakhona ubone ubushushu bebhetri.

(2) I-Microcontroller: I-Microcontroller okanye i-MCU ebalulekileyo ukugqiba imisebenzi emibini. Umsebenzi wokuqala kukucubungula umphumo we-analog converter (ADC). Lo msebenzi unokuba lula, njengokuhluza okusisiseko kuphela; inokuba nzima, njengokubala i-SOC kunye ne-SOH.

Owona msebenzi uxhomekeke kubuchule bokuqhuba be-MCU kunye neemfuno zabavelisi beemoto. Umsebenzi wesibini kukuthumela inkqubo nge-interface yonxibelelwano kwi-ECU. (3) I-interface yonxibelelwano: Okwangoku, i-interconnect interconnect network (LIN) i-interface yonxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo phakathi kweenzwa zebhetri kunye nee-ECUs.

I-Lin ngumgca omnye, enye enexabiso eliphantsi kwiprotocol eyaziwayo ngokubanzi ye-CAN. Olu lolona qwalaselo lulula lokubona ibhetri. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwee-algorithms zokuchongwa kwebhetri ezichanekileyo zifuna zombini iivolthi zebhetri kunye nezangoku, okanye i-voltage yebhetri, yangoku kunye nobushushu ngaxeshanye.

Ukuze wenze iisampulu ezilungelelanisiweyo, kufuneka udibanise ukuya kuthi ga kwi-analog kwi-digital converters. Ukongeza, i-ADC kunye ne-MCUs zilungelelanisa ukunikezelwa kwamandla ukuze zisebenze ngokuchanekileyo, kubangela ubunzima obutsha besekethe. Oku kusonjululwe ngumenzi we-Lin transceiver ngokudibanisa unikezelo lwamandla.

Uphuhliso olulandelayo lwe-automotive precision ibhetri ye-automotive idityaniswe i-ADC, i-MCU kunye ne-Lin transceivers, njenge-ADU&39;s AduC703X Series Precision Simulation Microcontroller. I-AduC703X ibonelela ngee-8KSP ezimbini okanye ezintathu, i-16-bit<000000>sigma;-Acc, i-20.48MHzarm7TDMIMCU, kunye ne-Linv2 edibeneyo.

I-0 i-transceiver ehambelanayo. Uluhlu lwe-ADUC703X ludityaniswe kunye ne-adjuster ephantsi yoxinzelelo, enokuthi inikwe amandla ngokuthe ngqo kwibhetri ye-lead-acid. Ukuze uhlangabezane neemfuno zokubona ibhetri yemoto, isiphelo sangaphambili siquka isixhobo esilandelayo: i-voltage attenuator yokubeka iliso kwi-voltage yebhetri; iamplifier ecwangcisekileyo, ene-100mωXa usebenzisa i-resistor kunye, xhasa i-current-scale current ye-1A ukuya kwi-1500A; a accumulator, inkxaso coulomb count ngaphandle esweni software; kunye nenzwa yobushushu enye.

Umzobo we-2 ubonisa isisombululo kwesi sixhobo esidibeneyo. Umzobo 2: Isisombululo kwizixhobo ezidibeneyo Umzekelo weminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, iimoto eziphezulu kuphela zixhotyiswe ngenzwa yebhetri. Namhlanje, kukho iimoto ezininzi eziphakathi kunye nezisezantsi zokufakela izixhobo zombane ezincinci, kwaye inokubonwa kuphela kwiimodeli eziphezulu kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo.

Inani leziphoso ezibangelwa iibhetri ze-lead-asidi zongezwa ngokuqhubekayo. Emva kweminyaka embalwa, imoto nganye iya kufaka inzwa yebhetri ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokunyusa umngcipheko wesixhobo sombane.